Food Policy Research Institute Research Articles

Mylène Kherallah et al. Reforming Agricultural Markets in Africa. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute, xvi + 201 pp. Figures. Tables. Bibliography. Index. $40.00. Cloth. $22.95. Paper.

ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT Mylene Kherallah et al. Reforming Agricultural Markets in Africa. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute, xvi + 201 pp. Figures. Tables. Bibliography. Index. $40.00. Cloth. $22.95. Paper. I admit to being prejudiced. I assume that a book from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), published by Johns Hopkins University Press, is almost certain to be good. Reforming Agricultural Markets in Africa more than lives up to my high expectations. Since Africa is the only continent in which per capita food production and consumption have declined over the past decades, it is understandable that the book begins with the projection that sub-Saharan Africa is the only region of the world where hunger and poverty will get worse in the next two decades if present trends continue (xiii). In fact, IFPRI predicts that the number of malnourished children ... will increase from 32 million in 1997 to 39 million in 2020 (xiii). In my judgment this is a conservative estimate, given the continuing AIDs crisis in addition to all the other natural and man-made tragedies that have fallen upon Africa. There is a clear mandate, then, for policy reform, though it is not at all clear that policy reform alone, without substantial external assistance, can overcome the many obstacles facing the continent. The issue is not only reform but also what types of reforms are needed, since, as the book clearly indicates, a reform process in African agriculture has been under way since the early 1980s. In too many African countries there had been a policy bias that, in effect, discriminated against agriculture. Food prices were kept low to benefit the urban consumer; low prices gave African farmers neither the incentive nor the ability to invest in increasing productivity and output. The reforms of the 1980s attempted to align domestic agricultural prices with those prevailing internationally, with the expectation (or possibly the hope) that these policies would give African farmers the opportunity to become more efficient and more productive. A major task of this volume is to bring together the various studies on the impact of these reforms, assess their findings, and use them as the basis for a policy agenda in an effort to prevent the dire prophesies from being realized. The problem in reviewing Reforming Agricultural Markets in Africa is that the book is written so tightly and systematically that it would take an article and not a review to do it justice. In a few pages it lays out the sharp contrast between agriculture in Africa and in Asia over the past decades. With a policy bias toward agriculture and a concomitant support structure, Asia started at a lower level but has steadily expanded per capita agricultural output, while per capita production has been falling in Africa. Africa's share of international trade has been declining steadily, and agricultural exports have been a key component in that decline. One of the strengths of this work is also one of its weaknesses: The authors admit clearly that the data are simply too weak and inadequate to compel the type of strong conclusions that could drive further policy reforms. They also recognize that critical issues are still not resolved precisely because there is no data evaluating the efficacy of past reforms. It has long been my belief that too often the has been conducted about broad policy reforms rather than the correct pathway for achieving them, so I was delighted to find a clear recognition that the debate over the appropriate sequence and timing of market reforms remains unresolved (7). …

Bridging gaps: collaboration between research and operational organisations

There are large potential synergies from collaboration between a research and an operational organisation, such as an NGO, but explicit collaborations between them are not common. This Practical Note examines the institutional partnership between the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and CARE-USA, as a concrete illustration of the difficulties and potential benefits of such a collaboration. It gives examples of the gaps in organisational orientation that can lead to problems, provides ideas about how to bridge those gaps, and highlights what bumps to expect along the way in constructing a productive collaboration. This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis.

Book Review Nurul Islam, Exploration in Development Issues, Selected Articles of Nurul Islam, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, Ashgate Publishing Limited, Hants, England and Ashgate Publishing Company, Burlington, USA

Book Review Nurul Islam, Exploration in Development Issues, Selected Articles of Nurul Islam, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, Ashgate Publishing Limited, Hants, England and Ashgate Publishing Company, Burlington, USA

Ending Hunger in Our Lifetime: Food Security and Globalization

Review: Ending Hunger in Our Lifetime: Food Security and Globalization by C. Ford Runge, Benjamin Senauer, Philip G. Pardey, and Mark W. Rosegrant Reviewed by Richard J. Blaustein Washington, DC, USA C. Ford Runge, Benjamin Senauer, Philip G. Pardey, and Mark W. Rosegrant. Ending Hunger in Our Lifetime: Food Security and Globalization. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 2003. 288 pp. ISBN 0-8018-7725-3 (cloth); ISBN 0- 8018-7726-1 (paperback). US$55.00 cloth; US$19.95 paperback. Alkaline paper. Rarely can-and with great caution, should-a book be described as a genuine service to our world and our capacity for sympathies and connections. Yet Ending Hunger in Our Lifetime: Food Security and Globalization overcomes the natural skepticism attendant to such an appellation and should inspire readers to think of ending hunger as not only a moral imperative but also an attainable goal. In Ending Hunger in Our Lifetime, authors C. Ford Runge, Benjamin Senauer, Philip G. Pardey, and Mark W. Rosegrant write clearly about the experiences of the world's hungry and the local, national, and global factors that figure in and bode for their situation. Furthermore, Ending Hunger in our Lifetime is not only extremely informative on food policy and security, but it also offers an illuminating non-doctrinaire grasp of globalization and the institutions, forces, and defaults that shape it. The actual predicament of hungry people who toil day after day is never absent in this very policy-oriented book. With an early depiction of the Hassan family-the authors' given name for a real Bangladesh family known by a International Food Policy Research Institute survey (p. 237, n. 1)- Ending Hunger in Our Lifetime offers a compelling understanding of how a subsistence farm family suffers under a calorie intake that is less than necessary to maintain basic health and a sufficient energy level for work. Family life characterized by incidents of infant mortality, toiling hours of labor, under-education (especially for females), ill-health, and the overwhelming share of income going for basic food stuffs marks the world of the Hassan's. Typifying the subsistence farm family's need for supplemental work, Mr. Hassan has side work pulling a rickshaw-a job that demands a level of caloric intake Mr. Hassan cannot approach and is emblematic of the Hassan's family overwhelming situation. In addition to this personal emphasis, the more technical information Ending Hunger in Our Lifetime provided from the United Nation Food and Agricultural Organization and other international organizations regarding nutritional requirements and the

Market Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Theory and Evidence

In Market Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa, Marcel Fafchamps synthesizes the results of recent surveys of indigenous market institutions in twelve countries, including Benin, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, and Zimbabwe, and presents findings about economics exchange in Africa that have implications both for future research and current policy. Employing empirical data as well as theoretical models that clarify the data, Fafchamps takes as his unifying principle the difficulties of contract enforcement. Arguing that in an unpredictable world contracts are not always likely to be respected, he shows that contract agreements in sub-Saharan Africa are affected by the absence of large hierarchies (both corporate and governmental) and as a result must depend to a greater degree than in more developed economies on social networks and personal trust. Fafchamps considers policy recommendations as they apply to countries in three different stages of development: countries with undeveloped market institutions, like Ghana; countries at an intermediate stage, like Kenya; and countries with developed market institutions, like Zimbabwe. Market Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa caps ten years of personal research by the author. Fafchamps, in collaboration with such institutions as the Africa Division of the World Bank and the International Food Policy Research Institute, participated in the surveys of manufacturing firms and agricultural traders that provide the empirical basis for the book. The result is a work that makes a significant contribution to research on the continuing economic stagnation of many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and is also largely accessible to researchers in other fields and policy professionals.

Robert L. Paarlberg. The Politics of Precaution: Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press/International Food Policy Research Institute, 2001. Pp. 184. $45.00 (cloth); $19.95 (paper).

Previous articleNext article No AccessReviewsRobert L. Paarlberg. The Politics of Precaution: Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press/International Food Policy Research Institute, 2001. Pp. 184. $45.00 (cloth); $19.95 (paper).Robert W. HerdtRobert W. HerdtRockefeller Foundation Search for more articles by this author Rockefeller FoundationPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 51, Number 3April 2003 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/346271 Views: 27Total views on this site Permission to reprint a book review printed in this section may be obtained only from the University of Chicago Press, Permissions Department, 1427 East 60th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637‐2954.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Addressing the unanswered questions in global water policy: a methodology framework

AbstractAre the available water resources sufficient to produce food for the growing world population while at the same time meet increasing municipal, industrial and environmental requirements? Projections for the year 2025, presented by different research groups at the second World Water Forum in The Hague, show an increase in global agricultural water use ranging from 4 to 17%. Estimates for the growth of total withdrawals, including domestic and industrial sectors, vary from 22 to 32%. This range is the result of differences in model structure and assumptions. Although these analyses were instrumental in raising awareness concerning the extent of present and future water scarcity problems, they raise many questions, which remain largely unanswered. The questions relate to the impact of water‐ and food‐related policies on global and regional water scarcity, food production, environment and livelihoods through the year 2025. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) embarked on a joint modeling exercise to address these questions. This paper lays out the issues and discusses the methodology. During the 18th ICID Congress in July 2002 at Montreal, preliminary results will be presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

South‐North Trade, Intellectual Property Jurisdictions, and Freedom to Operate in Agricultural Research on Staple Crops

International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C. Center for the Application of Molecular Biology to International Agriculture, Canberra University of California, Berkeley The authors are listed alphabetically. Philip Pardey is a senior research fellow and Patricia Zambrano a senior research assistant at the International Food Policy Research Institute, Carol Nottenburg is Director of Intellectual Property at the Center for the Application of Molecular Biology to International Agriculture, and Brian Wright is a professor and Eran Binenbaum a Ph.D. student in the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley. Stephen Stohs, Bonwoo Koo, and Yuan Liang provided excellent research assistance, and Agapi Somwaru (USDA, ERS) collaborated with us in compiling the trade data. Richard Jefferson provided invaluable comments on earlier drafts. Research for this paper was made possible, in part, by a grant from the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida).

Do crowded classrooms crowd out learning? Evidence from the Food for Education Program in Bangladesh. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) discussion paper 149 (May 2003).

In Bangladesh pervasive poverty has kept generations of families from sending their children to school and without education their childrens future will be a distressing echo of their own. Many children from poor families in Bangladesh do not attend school either because their families cannot afford books and other school materials or because the children contribute to their familys livelihood and cannot be spared. In some areas there is also a lack of schools. Among those who enter primary school only about 40 percent of them complete it. The great success of the Food for Education (FFE) program of the Government of Bangladesh has led to larger classes but do these crowded classrooms crowd out learning? (excerpt)

Weighing what’s practical: proxy means tests for targeting food subsidies in Egypt

Despite achieving a significant cost reduction over the past two decades, the absolute cost of food subsidies in Egypt is still high relative to the benefits received by the poor. There is scope for better targeting these food subsidies, in particular for targeting cooking oil and sugar ration cards, both because reforms in this area are perceived to be far less politically sensitive than adjusting subsidy policy for bread and wheat flour and because higher income groups presently receive a significant percentage of the benefits. Targeting the high-subsidy green ration cards to the poor and the low-subsidy red ration cards to the nonpoor will require identification of both poor and nonpoor households. An International Food Policy Research Institute research team in Egypt, in collaboration with the Egyptian Ministry of Trade and Supply, developed a proxy means test for targeting ration cards. The paper describes the process of moving from the optimal income-predicting model to the final model that was both administratively and politically feasible. An ex-ante evaluation of the levels of accuracy of the proxy means testing model indicates that the model performs quite well in predicting the needy and nonneedy households. An effective and full implementation of this targeting method would increase the equity in the ration card food subsidy system, and, at the same time, the total budgetary costs of rationed food subsidies would decline. Moreover, the experience gained under this reform would facilitate targeting future social interventions to reduce and prevent poverty in Egypt.

Can Agricultural Biotechnology be Pro-Poor?

Ian Scoones* A recent well-publicised book, by the directorgeneral of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and World Food Prize winner, Per Pinstrup-Andersen, opens with a story. The story is one of a ‘skinny three-year-old girl’ who ‘lay dying on a mat, surrounded by crying relatives’ in a village in south-western Zimbabwe during the summer of 1999. The imagery is powerful, the story familiar from media reports of famine in Africa and the conclusion (to what is promoted as a ‘balanced’ and ‘unemotional’ perspective) clear: if well harnessed, agricultural biotechnology can solve the problems of famine and hunger in subSaharan Africa and South Asia.

Indian Agriculture in a Globalizing World

American Journal of Agricultural EconomicsVolume 84, Issue 3 p. 754-761 Proceeding Indian Agriculture in a Globalizing World Ashok Gulati, Ashok Gulati director Markets and Structural Studies Division, International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington, D.C. This paper was presented at the ASSA winter meetings (Atlanta, GA, January 2002). Papers in these sessions are not subjected to the journal's standard refereeing process.Search for more papers by this author Ashok Gulati, Ashok Gulati director Markets and Structural Studies Division, International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington, D.C. This paper was presented at the ASSA winter meetings (Atlanta, GA, January 2002). Papers in these sessions are not subjected to the journal's standard refereeing process.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 2002 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00333Citations: 8 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume84, Issue3August 2002Pages 754-761 RelatedInformation

MITIGATING FAMINE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA - WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED FROM THE PAST?

Famine continues to threaten the livelihoods of many sub-Saharan Africans. Presently, six countries of southern Africa: Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe, are threatened by famine due to low output in the staple crop maize. Policy lessons learned from studies conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on famine mitigation efforts in sub-Saharan Africa can be instructive in developing measures to remove the threat. Famine mitigation must be seen in terms of three goals or phases: immediate relief, recovery and short-term development. This paper presents policy options for each of these phases, including food aid, labor-intensive employment programs, public-private partnerships, agricultural input transfers and institution building. Interventions must be combined and sequenced for an overall strategy to be effective. Certain broader goals, such as governance, are also essential to consider for long-term famine prevention and food security. The paper examines a range of issues: 1) the causes of famines, the time frame for various policy measures and the criteria for choosing interventions, (2) interventions for immediate relief, (3) measures to help affected households recover from famine, (4) the development of technological, policy and institutional foundations for stepping out of famine and attaining food security, (5) how interventions should be combined and sequenced, and (6) several overarching issues that should be considered for famine mitigation and prevention. (Af. J. of Food and Nutritional Sciences: 2002 2(2): 22-30)

Food security—a youth perspective

THRISHNI SUBRAMONEY attended by International Food Policy Research Institute Conference in September 2001, as the winner of an international youth essay competition. Her short story expressed her view that co-operation and faith would solve the world's food problems. Here, she writes how the conference challenged her worldview

Will Biotechnology Feed the World's Hungry?

ONCE AGAIN, THE WORLD'S 800 MILLION MALNOURISHED and hungry are being promised the magic of science, in this case agricultural biotechnology, as a solution to all of their food security problems. Scientists, industry, and many governments are promoting biotechnology as the potential means of vanquishing hunger. Much of the recent enthusiasm has focused on the potential role of vitamin A enhanced Golden Rice[Symbol Not Transcribed] [trademark] in ameliorating malnourishment in developing countries. While many see this as a 'grain of hope' others see it as 'fool's gold.'Other scientific breakthroughs, such as hybrid crops, the industrialization of the agri-food sector, and the Green Revolution greatly accelerated the world's food production capacity and lowered the proportion of the world's population that is short of food, but it did not eliminate hunger. The new biotechnology offers even greater opportunities and greater hope that technical constraints will be removed, but they have somewhat limited commercial, economic, social, and political applicability in developing countries.THE HUNGER PROBLEMThe International Food Policy Research Institute estimates that in the early 1990s there were approximately 780 million malnourished people in the world, disproportionately located in subsaharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of Latin America. Although that number is down from 940 million in 1970, population pressures threaten to sustain if not exacerbate the hunger problem.Demographers at the United Nations have projected that world population will rise from approximately six billion at present to about eight billion by 2020. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank have expressed concern that the food required to feed an additional two billion people will exceed the world's capacity to produce it. On the supply side of the equation, future production gains are uncertain. Worldwatch Institute's State of the World, 1996 noted that the world grains industry, the most efficient means of feeding people, must adjust to three longer-term global trends that are slowing production growth: a gradual reduction in grain area since 1981, little or no growth in irrigation since 1990, and a decline in world fertilizer use since 1989. At the regional level, there is real reason for concern. Demographers estimate that more than 90 per cent of projected population growth is likely to occur in the developing world, where hunger and malnourishment are already endemic.The causes of hunger vary widely. It is perhaps counterintuitive that a large share of the malnourished are from rural, agrarian areas and that many of them are women or children in farm families. A mixture of cultural, political, and economic forces makes it difficult to feed these people rapidly and adequately. In some cases, the hungriest are on the margins of society and lack access to inputs or markets to enable them to produce sufficient quantities of food. Others face politically erected barriers to production, often in the form of discriminatory taxes or restraints on production and marketing of food. Some live in regions with ineffective infrastructure because of sheer absence of capacity, civil strife, or states of war. Ultimately, these factors all combine to frustrate the ability of markets to feed these people. They are outside the global food market and many face serious restraints to entering that martet quickly.Even so, the fact that many of the hungry are poor farmers raises hope that new technologies might be able to improve their lot. If new technologies can reduce or eliminate production constraints, then the resulting higher productivity for those farmers could improve their income levels, providing both the ability to reinvest to expand and diversify their productive capacity and greater disposable income to sustain them.PAST SCIENTIFIC ADVANCEMENTSThe 'magic of science' has done much to reduce the food problem over the past 100 years. …

Assessing the impact of food policy research: rice trade policies in Viet Nam

The economic impact of marketing and trade policy research in Viet Nam conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) is assessed using a novel benefit–cost framework. It measures the economic value of the time saved in hastening the policy responses of the Government of Vietnam. Extensive interviews with partners and stakeholders in the research clearly indicated that the time saving was a legitimate measure of the influence of IFPRI on decision-making. Linking a spatial equilibrium model with income distribution analysis based on national household surveys, allowed IFPRI to satisfy policymakers that relaxing rice export quotas and internal trade restrictions on rice would not adversely impact on regional disparities and food security, and would have beneficial effects on farm prices and poverty. These were major concerns of policymakers prior to the IFPRI research project. The research on these and other policy options gave a degree of confidence to policymakers that relaxing the controls would be in Viet Nam’s national interest. They made these decisions earlier than would have been the case without the IFPRI research. The policy assessment framework is used to measure the economic impact of the policy changes themselves, and in particular, the contribution of IFPRI’s work with Viet Nam on the policies from 1995 to 1997. The relaxation of rice export quotas and internal restrictions on rice trade made by the Government of Viet Nam in 1995–97 are estimated to have had a present (1995) value to Viet Nam using a 5% discount rate of $222 million by 2000, rising to $966 million by 2020. For an incremental research investment of less than US$1 million, a conservative estimate of the benefit to Viet Nam of the IFPRI contribution to the policy changes effected in Viet Nam from the reduction in the policy implementation lag indicates a present value in 1995 terms of US$45 million. This represents a benefit–cost ratio of 56. A more optimistic assessment is that the present value is US$91 million with a benefit–cost ratio of 114. In addition to the welfare gains to Viet Nam, there were sizeable gains to the rest of the world from IFPRI’s contribution. Inclusion of these benefits increases present value and benefit–cost estimates by 34 to 84%. Around 38% of the contribution of IFPRI is estimated to have accrued to the rest of the world, as Viet Nam is now a major player in world rice trade.

Tenure, Agricultural Investment, and Productivity in the Customary Tenure Sector of Malawi

Tenure, Agricultural Investment, and Productivity in the Customary Tenure Sector of Malawi

AGRICULTURE‐BASED DEVELOPMENT: A SAM PERSPECTIVE ON CENTRAL VIETNAM

The Developing EconomiesVolume 39, Issue 1 p. 112-132 AGRICULTURE-BASED DEVELOPMENT: A SAM PERSPECTIVE ON CENTRAL VIETNAM Romeo M. BAUTISTA, Romeo M. BAUTISTASearch for more papers by this author Romeo M. BAUTISTA, Romeo M. BAUTISTASearch for more papers by this author First published: 06 March 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2001.tb00895.xCitations: 5 This paper is based on work completed under the Asian Development Bank-funded project, Preparation of a Development Strategy for the Central Region of Vietnam (TA No. 2959-VIE), administered by Lincoln International in association with Anzdec Ltd, Culpin Planning Ltd, and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Helpful comments on an earlier draft were received from this journal's referees and participants at the Conference on Post-Financial Crisis Challenges for Progressive Industrialization of Asian Economies, sponsored by the American Committee on Asian Economic Studies, Seoul National University, and Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, in Seoul on December 15–17, 1999. The author was a senior research fellow at IFPRI when this paper was written. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume39, Issue1March 2001Pages 112-132 RelatedInformation

Decreasing Relative Risk Aversion and Tests of Risk Sharing

The relative risk aversion (RRA) coefficient of a household whose consumption is close to the subsistence level may be very high. For example, if consumption is exactly at the subsistence level, the household may not be willing to bear any risk. If this is the case, then the RRA coefficient must be a decreasing function of wealth for poor households. Therefore we should allow the possibility of decreasing RRA (DRRA) in testing the full risk sharing hypothesis. However, existing tests in the empirical literature are derived using preferences that exhibit either increasing or constant RRA even when they are applied to data containing low-income households. We therefore use a Hyperbolic Absolute Risk Aversion (HARA) utility, which implies increasing, constant, and decreasing RRA as special cases, to test full risk-sharing hypothesis. Using the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the International Crops Research Institute of the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) household level data sets, we find evidence in support of the DRRA hypothesis, along with evidence favoring full risk-sharing hypothesis at the village level, and evidence against the hypothesis at the inter-village level. When RRA is restricted to be constant, we replicate the previous results in the literature: reject the full risk-sharing hypothesis at both levels. Our tests, however, reject this restriction and favor DRRA in almost all cases. These results suggest that it is important to allow for DRRA in testing the full risk-sharing hypothesis when data containing low-income households are investigated.

Iriaichi:Collective versus Individualized Management of Community Forests in Postwar Japan

Previous articleNext article No AccessIriaichi: Collective versus Individualized Management of Community Forests in Postwar JapanYoko Kijima Takeshi Sakurai Keijiro Otsuka Yoko KijimaMichigan State University Search for more articles by this author Takeshi SakuraiNational Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Japan Search for more articles by this author Keijiro OtsukaTokyo Metropolitan University and International Food Policy Research Institute Search for more articles by this author Michigan State UniversityNational Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, JapanTokyo Metropolitan University and International Food Policy Research InstitutePDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 48, Number 4July 2000 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/452481 Views: 52Total views on this site Citations: 15Citations are reported from Crossref © 2000 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Hiroyuki TAKESHIMA, Futoshi YAMAUCHI, Masahito ENOMOTO Agricultural, Economic, and Human Development: Joint Research Contributions of Japan and International Food Policy Research Institute, Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ 55, no.SpecialSpecial (Dec 2021): 521–531.https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.55.521Sarah Clement Cultural Landscapes and Novel Ecosystems, (Dec 2020): 145–185.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60350-2_5Hellen Nansikombi, Richard Fischer, Rubén Ferrer Velasco, Melvin Lippe, Felix Kanungwe Kalaba, Gillian Kabwe, Sven Günter Can de facto governance influence deforestation drivers in the Zambian Miombo?, Forest Policy and Economics 120 (Nov 2020): 102309.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102309Sanada Kie Institutional analysis of regionalism in Japan: a sociological case study from Owase, Japan, Japan Forum 32, no.22 (Jun 2019): 284–307.https://doi.org/10.1080/09555803.2019.1626471Daisuke Takahashi, Tsaiyu Chang, Mikitaro Shobayashi The role of formal and informal institutions in farmland consolidation: The case of Shiga Prefecture, Japan, International Journal of the Commons 12, no.22 (Aug 2018): xx–xx.https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.829Eunju Lee, Marianne E. Krasny Adaptive Capacity in Community Forest Management: A Systematic Review of Studies in East Asia, Environmental Management 59, no.11 (Oct 2016): 34–49.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0767-2Keijiro Otsuka, Ryo Takahashi, Ridish Pokharel In Search of Optimum Institutions for Forest Management, Journal of Sustainable Forestry 34, no.33 (Dec 2014): 300–314.https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2014.993085Narayan Raj Poudel, Nobuhiko Fuwa, Keijiro Otsuka The impacts of a community forestry program on forest conditions, management intensity and revenue generation in the Dang district of Nepal, Environment and Development Economics 20, no.22 (Jul 2014): 259–281.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X14000473Nori Tarui The Role of Institutions in Natural Resource Use, (Jan 2015): 125–136.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800347-3.00008-XMangala Premakumara De Zoysa, Makoto Inoue, Utako Yamashita, Okuda Hironori Collective Forest Management System in Japan: a Case Study in Osawa Property Ward Forest, Journal of Forest Science 29, no.11 (Feb 2013): 58–70.https://doi.org/10.7747/JFS.2013.29.1.58Makiko Yashiro, Anantha Duraiappah, Nicolas Kosoy A Nested Institutional Approach for Managing Bundle Ecosystem Services: Experience from Managing Satoyama Landscapes in Japan, (Oct 2012): 191–205.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5176-7_10Stein T. Holden, Yuanyuan Yi, Xuemei Jiang, Jintao Xu Tenure Security and Investment Effects of Forest Tenure Reform in China, (Jan 2013): 256–282.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137343819_11Stein T. Holden, Keijiro Otsuka, Klaus Deininger Conclusions, (Jan 2013): 380–395.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137343819_16Ryo Takahashi, Yasuyuki Todo Impact of Community-Based Forest Management on Forest Protection: Evidence from an Aid-Funded Project in Ethiopia, Environmental Management 50, no.33 (Jun 2012): 396–404.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9887-5T. Sakurai, K. Palanisami Tank irrigation management as a local common property: the case of Tamil Nadu, India, Agricultural Economics 25, no.2-32-3 (Sep 2001): 273–283.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00207.x