Food Intake Habits Research Articles

Association of Ultra-processed Food and Unprocessed or Minimally Processed Food Consumption With Bowel Habits Among U.S. Adults

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) may have a negative impact on bowel habits. We aimed to assess the association between UPF and unprocessed or minimally processed food (MPF) intake and bowel habits among adults in the United States (U.S.). We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2010). We used two 24-hour dietary recalls and, based on the Nova classification, calculated intakes of UPFs and MPFs. Constipation and diarrhea were defined using the Bristol Stool Form Scale and stool frequency. We performed survey-weighted logistic regression and substitution analysis to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among 12,716 U.S. adults, there were 1290 cases of constipation and 1067 cases of diarrhea. Median UPF and MPF intakes were 26.5% and 66.2% of total grams per day, respectively. Greater UPF consumption (in % gram/d) was associated with higher odds of constipation (adjusted OR [aORQ4 vs Q1], 2.20; 95% CI, 1.76-2.74) (Ptrend < .001) but not diarrhea (aORQ4 vs Q1, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.62-1.09) (Ptrend= .12). Increased MPF consumption was associated with lower odds of constipation (aORQ4 vs Q1, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.370-0.57) (Ptrend < .001). Associations with constipation were attenuated after adjusting for diet quality (aORQ4 vs Q1, UPF, 1.53; MPF, 0.69). Substituting 10% of UPF intake with an equivalent proportion of MPFs was associated with lower odds of constipation (aOR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93). UPF intake was associated with higher odds of constipation, whereas the odds were lower with greater MPF consumption. The effect of food processing on bowel habits was independent of diet quality.

Regulation of Feeding Behavior by Optogenetic Activation of Inputs to Lateral Hypothalamus

The bed nucleus stria terminalis (BNST) and parabrachial nucleus (PBN) are two brain regions in correspondence with the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) that are responsible for regulating feeding behavior in mice. It is acknowledged that increasing the activity of GABAergic BNST inputs (which release the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA) to the LHA inhibits LHA glutamate neurons and increases feeding, whereas increasing activity of glutamatergic PBN inputs (which release the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate) to the LHA excites local glutamate neurons and decreases feeding. Obesity is a prevalent problem in our society, and therefore it is important to understand the reasons behind excessive food intake habits of humans. To address this issue, we tested for effects of activating the BNST-LHA and PBN-LHA pathways in relation to the satiety state of the mice. We stimulated the BNST and PBN inputs to LHA in fasted and fed mice. We tested the effects of Satiety State (fed vs. fasted) and stimulation Frequency (5-40 Hz) on sucrose seeking behavior of two Groups of mice (ChR2 vs YFP controls). The BNST-LHA pathway tended to show a general increase in feeding behaviors, while the PBN-LHA pathway did not show a significant effect of activation. From these results, further studies can be conducted to explore more about these neural pathways and the mechanisms underlying feeding behaviors. On a broader scale, these findings can inform future therapeutics that could help prevent unhealthy eating habits and obesity.

Assessment Dietary Food Intake Habits and Physical Activity in Post-Partum Period

Assessment Dietary Food Intake Habits and Physical Activity in Post-Partum Period

Relationship Between Energy, Fat, and Carbohydrate Consumption Habits in Pregnant Women Chronic Energy Deficiency during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Background: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) during the COVID-19 pandemic affects the nutritional status of pregnant women. CED is indicated by the size of LiLA &lt; 23.5 cm. This study aims to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency. Method: The study used a systematic review of relevant articles from databases (Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) using keywords in Indonesian and English. Nine articles were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: publication from 2017 to 2021, discussing food consumption habits in pregnant women, articles in English or Indonesian, full text, open access, and scientific journals. Results: The results of this study can evaluate the consumption habits of pregnant women CED caused by inadequate food intake and less diverse food. Less food consumption habits in pregnant women are caused by low family income, human resources, education, and lack of family support to consume nutritional food. Conclusion: The study concludes that adequate food intake and good human resource consumption habits can affect pregnant women's nutritional status.

The effectiveness of self-empowerment-based patient-centered care for obese students in primary services: A randomized controlled trial.

Self-empowerment-based patient-centered services with a coaching approach are imperative in the management of students with obesity. This study evaluated the applicability and effectiveness of self-empowerment-based patient-centered coaching for the weight loss program model for obese students. This randomized control trial recruited 60 obese students aged 17-22 years in Universitas Indonesia from August to December 2021. Intervention group subjects were coached by a health coach. Each health coach assisted four subjects with SMART model coaching in six meetings every 2 weeks through a zoom platform. Both groups had instructions on obesity, nutrition, and physical activity from specialist doctors online. Paired t-test or Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate, to compare the measurements of anthropometry, body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), food intake (food record form), physical activity (physical activity form), subjective well-being (subjective well-being questionnaire), and healthy behavior habits (satisfaction scale) between the two groups before and after the intervention. A total of 41 obese students completed the study, 23 from intervention group and 18 from the control group. The change in total body fat (-0.9 [-12.9, 0.70] vs. 0.0 [-6.9, 3.50], P = 0.02) and healthy behavior habit (13.5 ± 11.85 vs. 7.5 ± 8.08, P = 0.04) in the intervention group was significantly greater than in the control group. The change in satisfaction scale of hobby/passion (2 [-4.6] vs. 1 [-2.2], P = 0.02), movement exercise (2.3 ± 2.11 vs. 1.2 ± 1.93, P = 0.03), sleep rest (2 [-6.5] vs. 1 [-3.2], P = 0.01), and spiritual (1 [0.6] vs. 0 [-1.3], P = 0.00) was significantly higher in the coached group. A weight loss program for obese students was tested through self-empowerment-based patient-centered care with a coaching approach and has proven to effect changes in anthropometric indicators, body composition, self-empowerment, food intake, and physical activity.

Growth factors in relation to obesity, food habits, and microbiota among healthy Saudis: preliminary results.

Obesity is a serious problem among Saudis because of the country's affluent lifestyle. Obesity is associated with various metabolic disorders and characterized by low-grade inflammation that leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, human growth factors (GFs), lipids, aberrant adipokines, and other chemokines from adipose tissue. The objective of this study is to delineate the effects of GFs on microbiota and their relationship to body mass index (BMI) and food habits. In a cross-sectional study, 32 randomly selected participants (16 males and 16 females) were enrolled in a survey covering their sociodemographic information, medical history, lifestyle, and dietary practices. The information on diet, health condition, food and drink intake habits were examined under four distinct BMI categories: normal, underweight, overweight, and obese. The participants' serum samples were analyzed for the various GFs using a human magnetic 30-plex panel multiplex assay. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate which bacterial taxa are enriched and to predict the functional profiles of the samples. Correlational studies revealed sex-based differences between GFs and microbiota. Females exhibited a significant correlation between epidermal GF (EGF) and Proteobacteria, whereas males showed a significant correlation between fibroblast GF-basic and Actinobacteria. Interestingly, a combined analysis of both sexes showed a significant correlation between EGF and vascular endothelial GF with Firmicutes. The data in the underweight group revealed a correlation between granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and hepatocyte GF with Firmicutes. In the obese group, a correlation was found between G-CSF and Actinobacteria. Our results identified links between GFs, microbiota, and BMI in a Saudi cohort. The insights from this preliminary study will contribute to the predictive diagnosis of obesity. However, further research involving a larger cohort will be necessary to understand the mechanistic aspects of these GFs to provide biomarkers of potential obesity.

Actitud de los adolescentes hacia los refrescos y factores asociados a su consumo

ObjectiveTo evaluate adolescents’ attitudes towards soft drinks and identify the underlying factors that are associated with their consumption of such drinks. MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted among 213 adolescents aged between 10 and 19years living in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was used to assess their socio-demographic and soft drinks consumption-related characteristics, and their attitudes towards soft drinks. Structural equation modelling was employed to identify the potential factors associated with soft drink consumption among adolescents. ResultsMore than 80% of the adolescents consumed soft drinks at least once a week. Overall, adolescents had a positive attitude toward soft drinks. Results revealed that adolescent's attitudes, gender, accessibility of soft drinks at school/college, distance from home to shop, outside food intake habit and parents’ soft drinks consumption were the factors associated with their consumption of soft drinks. ConclusionHigh proportion of adolescents consumed soft drinks. Thus, a community and individual level nutrition education programme with targeted behaviour change might be helpful to reduce the consumption of sweetened beverages among adolescents.

COVID-19 pandemic directly influences food behavior promoting body weight gain

Background and Aims: Obesity is a multifactorial disease affecting approximately 650 million individuals worldwide, and recent studies suggest that obesity is a poor prognostic factor for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Social restrictions during pandemics can impact eat-ing behavior. Herein, we aimed to investigate the impact of altered eating habits during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to body weight gain. Methods: This observational study administered an online questionnaire twice to the same volunteers at a six-month interval. In the first and second surveys, 232 and 76 volunteers, respectively, answered questions regarding food intake frequency and habits, physical activity levels, and a per-ception of changes when compared with the pre-pandemic period. Pearson’s Chi-square test was performed for each variable, followed by logistic regression analysis. Results: Overweight individuals experienced anxiety, favoring increased fast-food consumption. Logistic regression revealed that as the body mass index (BMI) increased, the potential for body weight gain increased gradually. Moreover, the consumption of legumes was associ-ated with the maintenance or loss of body weight. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings indicated that the social restriction due to the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted food intake, promoting changes in body weight gain that could further aggravate the ex-isting obesity epidemic.

Evaluation of CSTB and DMBT1 expression in saliva of gastric cancer patients and controls

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer deaths globally, with late diagnosis, low survival rate, and poor prognosis. This case-control study aimed to evaluate the expression of cystatin B (CSTB) and deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 (DMBT1) in the saliva of GC patients with healthy individuals to construct diagnostic algorithms using statistical analysis and machine learning methods.MethodsDemographic data, clinical characteristics, and food intake habits of the case and control group were gathered through a standard checklist. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were taken from 31 healthy individuals and 31 GC patients. Through ELISA test and statistical analysis, the expression of salivary CSTB and DMBT1 proteins was evaluated. To construct diagnostic algorithms, we used the machine learning method.ResultsThe mean salivary expression of CSTB in GC patients was significantly lower (115.55 ± 7.06, p = 0.001), and the mean salivary expression of DMBT1 in GC patients was significantly higher (171.88 ± 39.67, p = 0.002) than the control.Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that GC was significantly correlated with high levels of DMBT1 after controlling the effects of age of participants (R2 = 0.20, p < 0.001).Considering salivary CSTB greater than 119.06 ng/mL as an optimal cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of CSTB in the diagnosis of GC were 83.87 and 70.97%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was calculated as 0.728. The optimal cut-off value of DMBT1 for differentiating GC patients from controls was greater than 146.33 ng/mL (sensitivity = 80.65% and specificity = 64.52%). The area under the ROC curve was up to 0.741.As a result of the machine learning method, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for the diagnostic ability of CSTB, DMBT1, demographic data, clinical characteristics, and food intake habits was 0.95. The machine learning model’s sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100, 70.8, and 80.5%, respectively.ConclusionSalivary levels of DMBT1 and CSTB may be accurate in diagnosing GCs. Machine learning analyses using salivary biomarkers, demographic, clinical, and nutrition habits data simultaneously could provide affordability models with acceptable accuracy for differentiation of GC by a cost-effective and non-invasive method.

English

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is now a major global health issue and quarantine is being applicated worldwide as a suppression measure. The aim of this study was to analyse the psychological and behavioural modifications associated with the first phase of the confinement period in Spanish population. Material and method: Variables of anxiety, sleep quality, motivation, food intake and physical activity habits and body weight were analysed in ninety-one participants (35.7±10.4 years old) at the beginning of the quarantine, after three days, one week, two weeks and three weeks of the confinement decreed in Spain. Results: A significant (P&lt;0.05) increase of 20% prevalence was found in the number of participants that started to exercise. Despite this, anxiety levels increased throughout the confinement, being significant after 2 weeks of isolation compared to the initial moment. None of the other variables significantly presented modifications. Correlation analysis showed that anxiety levels were positively related to the number of daily food intakes and negatively to sleep quality. On the other hand, the time dedicated to aerobic exercise was negatively related to body weight and the number of intakes, and positively to the time dedicated to anaerobic exercise (p &lt;0.05 for all correlations). Conclusion: We found how first phase of confinement period in the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain produced a significant increase in anxiety levels, and subjects that started to exercise, do not significantly affecting body weight, food intakes, sleep quality and motivation of subjects. Higher food ingestions per day positively correlated with anxiety and negatively with sleep quality

Revolutionizing hospital dietary with an android - based food automation system

The advent of mobile technology has brought about significant changes in many areas of life, including the management of food intake and dietary habits. This paper proposes an Android-based food automation and dietary management system that leverages the power of mobile technology to streamline the process of ordering and preparing meals in a hospital setting. The system includes a mobile app that allows users to place food orders and track their nutrient intake, as well as a dietary plan generator module that utilizes third-party Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to create personalized meal plans based on individual dietary needs and preferences. It discusses the benefits of this system, including improved efficiency, accuracy, and patient satisfaction. Overall, this paper demonstrates the potential of mobile technology to transform the way it approaches food and nutrition in healthcare settings.

Daily food intake habits, food intake timings and sleep-wakeful cycle of the children and teenagers: a pilot-study

Human Behaviour and physiology are temporally controlled by circadian rhythms (24 hrs). Circadian rhythms are interrelated with sleep/wake cycles, so, disruption of one causes the alterations of another. A risk rose from the altered circadian rhythm and sleep cycle affects a huge part of the population. Alterations in the sleeping timings cause a profound change in dietary habits which may lead to myriad metabolic ramifications. The metabolic homeostasis within the physiological system is regulated by the molecular basis and alignment of the circadian clock. Negligence of this alteration may produce deleterious effects on human health. So, various behavioral changes should be implemented to manifest a correct alignment of circadian rhythms and to enhance sleep duration, and also to regularize food habits.

Is the Gut Microbiota a Neglected Aspect of Gut and Brain Disorders?

The gut microbiota is a quickly developing bacterial ecosystem with biodiversity. It is an adaptive immunity that varies with food intake, environmental conditions, and human habits, among other factors. Various external stimuli, such as drugs, can influence the gut microbial environment and lead to gut dysbiosis. Recently, gut dysbiosis has been identified as an important factor that leads to several diseases either by the released metabolites or by the gut neuronal connection. In brain disorders, gut dysbiosis is involved in neuropsychiatric manifestations, including autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and depression by interfering with neurotransmitter homeostasis, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease by releasing abnormal metabolites from the gut. Gut dysbiosis has been documented in gut disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome. Immune cells in the gut are modulated by external factors such as stress, diet, and drugs to produce inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins (IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, etc.). Inflammatory cytokines lead to a cascade of events, which lead to various ailments in the bowel. Beneficial bacteria in the form of probiotics ameliorate the condition and have healthful effects in disease conditions. This warrants further research to identify newer therapeutic strategies for diseases that cannot be cured or are difficult to treat.

Effects of Manna of Alhagi persarum (Taranjabin) and Portulaca oleracea (Khorfeh) Seed Administration on Nickel-induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A Case Report

A 19-year-old girl with documented nickel-induced allergic contact dermatitis was referred to the department of traditional Persian medicine five weeks after the sudden onset of bolus and erythematous skin rash to receive treatment based on complementary and alternative medicine. A detailed history of jewelry exposures, lifestyle, food intake, and dietary habits was obtained, as well as the history of other physicians� visits and administered treatments within the past eight weeks. Despite receiving treatment with corticosteroids, anti-histamines, and antibiotics, no satisfactory remission was achieved, and the patient discontinued the treatments. As the alternative medicine approach, treatment was started based on avoiding contact with nickel, administration of Manna of Alhagi persarum and Portulaca oleracea seeds, and avoidance of consuming tomato sauce, cocoa, coffee, and bitter chocolate. Within six weeks, a complete remission of the skin lesions and symptoms occurred. Moreover, normal clinical follow-up was observed after 12 months. Notably, the CARE (CAse REport) guidelines were used in the preparation of this case report.

Interaction between ALDH2 rs671 and life habits affects the risk of hypertension in Koreans: A STROBE observational study.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is associated with the risk of hypertension, and the effects of lifestyle factors on blood pressure vary according to genotype. Among the Han Chinese, the risk of hypertension is lower in the group with the rs671 A allele than in the group with the G allele, and there is a significant association between the frequency of fried food consumption and hypertension. However, the A allele significantly increases the risk of hypertension with increased fried food intake. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism and complex lifestyle habits (fried food consumption and exercise) on hypertension.rs671 polymorphisms of ALDH2 were examined using Korean genome and epidemiology data from 8157 hypertensive cases and 9550 controls. Further, we investigated whether the A allele is protective against hypertension in Koreans and explored the effect of the combination of fried food intake and exercise habits on hypertension by genotype.The genotype frequencies of rs671, which is specific to East Asia, were 2.51% AA, 26.66% GA, and 70.83% GG in the Korean population. The group with inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 had a low odds ratio [OR = 0.75 (95% CI:0.69–0.80), P = 4.35 × 10−14] of hypertension, and low metabolism of acetaldehyde. Subjects carrying the A allele exhibited an increased risk of hypertension with increased fried food intake without exercise [OR = 2.256 (95% CI:1.094–4.654), P = .028].ALDH2 polymorphism and complex lifestyle habits (fried food consumption and exercise) are associated with the risk of hypertension. Further, the A allele is associated with a low risk of hypertension, but it increases the risk of hypertension as fried food intake without exercise increases.

Nutritional and chemical composition of different life stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Tribolium castaneum can survive in extremely dry environments and be one of the major insect pests of broken and processed grains or other stored dried foods. Additionally, this species has demonstrated resistance to some classes of insecticides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional and chemical composition of T. castaneum, reared on maize flour, and compare protein, lipids and fatty acids profile, amino acids and mineral contents, of different developmental stages: larvae, pupae and adults. In general all stages were rich in protein (15.3% for larvae and 17.0% for adults, wet body weight).Disparities among developmental stages regarding amino acids and fatty acids content were found. Essential amino acids were most abundant in T. castaneum; a different essential amino acid was prevalent on each developmental stage: larvae - valine; pupae - lysine; adults - histidine. Tribolium castaneum is rich in phosphorus, potassium and sulphur; larvae had a significantly higher content of phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and zinc, while adults showed significantly lower content of potassium and zinc. Larvae and pupae showed higher values of SFA (heptadecanoic and stearic acid) and PUFA (α-linolenic and linolenic acids), while MUFA showed the reverse tendency, with adults having the highest contents of hypogeic, palmitoleic and oleic acids. The nutritional differences among different developmental stages identified are due to specificities of each stage (level of chitinization, motility, energy requirements and food intake habits), as the diet offered to the insects was the same. This study can thus be considered a first step towards future directions of investigation, to a better understanding of this pest nutritional preferences and alternatives to achieve a more sustainable management of infested stored products.

Estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e qualidade de vida de merendeiras

O objetivo desse estudo foi relacionar as características sociodemográficas, o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e a qualidade de vida de merendeiras Carapicuíba (SP). Estudo transversal, com aferição de peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e questionários sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, qualidade de vida e consumo alimentar. A idade média foi 53,97 anos, a maioria com companheiro e pertencente à classe socioeconômica C. O Índice de Massa Corporal médio foi de 30,85 kg/m2, com 82,4% de excesso de peso e 45,5% de obesidade. A média da circunferência da cintura foi 94,5cm, indicando risco aumentado substancialmente para doença metabólica. O consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida da maioria classificou-se em “atenção”, 50,0% apresentou qualidade de vida geral boa e muito boa e 45,6% regular. As merendeiras apresentam excesso de peso, consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida que requerem atenção e qualidade de vida geral variando entre regular, boa e muito boa.

Influence of dietary intake and study habits on academic performance in selected residential tribal welfare school students in Salem district of Tamil Nadu

Aim: The present study was conducted in 280 residential tribal welfare school students comprising 134 boys and 146 girls in the age group of 13–17 years to find out the influence of food intake and study habits on the academic performance. Materials and Methods: The basic details and academic performance were noted, dietary intake pattern was collected by 24-h recall method, and study habits were assessed by using Dr. M. Mukhopadhyay and Dr. D. N. Sansanwal study habit inventory scale method. Results: The finding discovered that there was a significant impact (P Conclusion: The study concluded that the students need extra attention on the study habits to improve the academic performance among them.

Impact of Frailty on Dietary Habits among Community-Dwelling Older Persons during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in reduced physical activity and social interaction. These restrictions may have affected the food intake habits of frail older people more than non-frail older people.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between frailty and change in dietary habit during the pandemic.DesignCross-sectional mail surveySettingCommunity-basedParticipantsThe study questionnaire was mailed to 4,436 older residents of Higashiura, Aich Japan, who were aged ≥75 years and who did not need care as of April 1, 2020. Of these, 2,738 participants provided complete answers to the questionnaires (75–96 years old, 49.3% males).MeasurementsThe participants’ frailty status and changes in food consumption during social isolation were assessed. Frailty status was assessed using the five-item frailty screening index (i.e., weight loss, low physical function, low physical activity, cognition, and exhaustion). Any participant who reported an increase or a decrease in ≥1 of the 12 food categories was defined as having change in dietary habit. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of frailty for changes in diet were estimated by adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and living alone. In each of the 12 food categories, the proportion of participants with increased and decreased food intake was compared between the groups.ResultsAmong the participants, 470 (17.2%) were frail, and 1,097 (40.1%) experienced a change in dietary habit under social restriction. The adjusted OR (95% CI) of the frail group for a change in dietary habit was 2.01 (1.63–2.47, p<0.001). Participants with decreased consumption of meat, fish, seaweed and mushroom, and fruits and those with increased consumption of eggs, bread, and noodles tended to be frail.ConclusionThe nutritional intervention for frail older people should be strengthened during the pandemic.

Association of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity Pattern with Dietary Factors among Adults in South Korea.

Globally, cardiometabolic multimorbidity pattern (CMP) is a complex chronic health status that negatively effects the life expectancy of adults globally, even more than single diseases. We aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns in Korean adults to clarify the associations between dietary factors and CMP. Nationally representative data of 9011 Korean adults aged 19–64 years were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from the period 2013 to 2015. Multimorbidity patterns for CMP, inflammatory disease, cancer and other disease patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Dietary factors including food and nutrient intake and dietary habits were evaluated. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models examined the associations between dietary factors and CMP. More than half of the multimorbidity patterns were CMP (n = 4907, 54.5%); CMP subjects were more likely to be older, male, less educated, lower income, laborers, smokers, and high-risk consumers of alcohol than those of non-CMP subjects. A higher intake of calcium (OR = 0.809, 95% CI = 0.691–0.945), potassium (OR = 0.838, 95% CI = 0.704–0.998), and fruits (OR = 0.841, 95% CI = 0.736–0.960) were inversely associated with the prevalence of CMP, while the consumption of irregular meals (OR = 1.164, 95% CI = 1.034–1.312) and skipping breakfast (OR = 1.279, 95% CI = 1.078–1.518) was positively related to a 16% and 28% higher likelihood of CMP, respectively. CMP accounts for more than half of the multimorbidity patterns in the Korean population, and lower intake of calcium, potassium, fruits, and skipping meals have strong associations with CMP.