Food For Reflection Research Articles

Cultural and Historical Roots of Performance Art

The 20th century is marked by colossal progress not only in science and technology, but also in art. Since the first half of 20th century there has been a gap observed between traditional and modern art. Modern art includes a variety of forums, biennale, museums of contemporary art, art space, etc. To date, performance is called all sorts of shows taking part in front of viewers. This can include the newfangled music shows, and various installations in museums, DJs sets in clubs and music festivals. Today, this art does not lag behind the rapidly developing communication industry, and at the same time resists the impact of technologies that help to distance people from each other. Performance, in spite of insufficient knowledge, is a popular type of contemporary art. Thus, the performance is introduced into the modern society, leaving behind itself food for reflection. The paper is of interest to researchers of contemporary art and the evolution of cultural phenomena in the 20th century. The work is based on a combination of historical methods, including historical-genetic and historical-comparative.

Diderot. Correspondance et morale

Geneviève Cammagre : Diderot, correspondence and morality. Diderot was haunted by the dream of writing a moral treatise. The impossibility of this undertaking may have led him to envisage publishing his private correspondence as an edifying account of his own moral experience. For the letter writer stages in this apparently changing relationship, behaviour which is dictated by his ethical reflection and mainly consists of sentimental utilitarianism. The letters are a theatre for the representation of the self, dressed as a father, lover, friend, philosopher. They help to create an exemplary life ; the appearance gives form to the being, and the recipient is called on to be, like the sender, a seductive and seducced model who will influence posterity. Yet this model is built on unstable und complex foundations which the writer explores in an indirect way, for the feeling of what escapes him is food for reflection on the complexity of the human being.

Editorial Letter: Food for reflection in this issue

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica ScandinavicaVolume 69, Issue 7-8 p. 559-560 Free Access Editorial Letter: Food for reflection in this issue Per Bergsjø, Per BergsjøSearch for more papers by this author Per Bergsjø, Per BergsjøSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1990 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016349009028694AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume69, Issue7-8January 1990Pages 559-560 ReferencesRelatedInformation

African Linguistic Classification

Professor Greenberg, in his series of linguistic studies, writes: ‘From the present series there will emerge a complete genetic reclassification of the languages of Africa. These results are so at variance from the commonly accepted scheme that a brief methodological foreword seems in order.’ This is a clear and frank statement and a great promise. Until now, in spite of several attempts, no satisfactory classification of African languages has existed. Though it may seem natural not to be satisfied with an analysis of individual languages but to aim at a synthesis, to see the whole and its interrelations, there was in many quarters a definite aversion from a holistic approach; it was even said to be more important to stress the differences than to try to find relationships. It is certainly necessary to study each single language in all its peculiarities, but it is wrong to maintain that a comparative investigation should not be undertaken until every African language has been analysed; that would defer the matter ad kalendas graecas. It is not necessary to analyse every Bantu language in order to show the characteristic features of Bantu languages and their relation to other languages. We are grateful to Professor Greenberg for his attempt, which reveals a familiarity with the problem and a sound and extensive knowledge of many African languages. Though not every point he makes is new, yet he indicates new roads and provides food for reflection and discussion.

The Idea of Substitution in the Doctrine of the Atonement

“I Believe that we have to learn anew what the Holy Scriptures say and mean by substitution of Jesus Christ and satisfaction.” These words, spoken by Karl Barth in the course of a discussion on “The Christian as Witness”, provide much food for reflection. For if there is one conclusion which had come almost to be taken for granted in enlightened Christian quarters, it is that the idea of substitution has led theology on a wrong track; and that the word “substitution” must now be dropped from the doctrine of the Atonement as too heavily laden with misleading and even false connotations. By “liberal” or “modernist” theology the idea of substitution is of course rejected out of hand. And even the theology which prides itself on being “positive” and “evangelical” and which seeks to maintain lines of communication with the great traditional doctrines of atonement is on the whole disposed to reject it. And this, not merely on the ground that it holds implications which are irrational and morally offensive, but even and specifically on the ground that it is unscriptural. Thus Dr. Vincent Taylor as a result of an exhaustive examination of the “Idea of Atonement in the New Testament” gives it as his conclusion that the idea of substitution has no place in the New Testament writings; that in fact it is opposed to the fundamental teaching of the New Testament; that even St.

John Maynard Keynes

I Have been asked, before introducing the speakers, to take a quarter-hour to pay tribute on behalf of this Association to the memory of the great economist whose life and work are the subjects of this evening's meeting. I propose to use these few minutes to inquire very briefly into the philosophy and characteristics which made Lord Keynes so great a human being, perhaps as nearly a whole person as the twentieth century can show us.In a recent article Mr. Harrod has expressed the conviction that Keynes had a more distinguished mind than Ricardo. There is food for reflection in the fact that Ricardian thought developed along two quite different lines, one through the so-called Manchester School and the other through the Christian Socialists and Karl Marx, and that Keynesian influences are already showing a similar bifurcation. On the one hand, we find developing a stereotype labelled a “Keynesian,” presumably preoccupied with unemployment, with a simple philosophy based upon the possibility of management of the economic macrocosm through monetary and fiscal means. On the other hand, we find Marxists claiming Keynes and non-Marxists repudiating him on the ground that the “philosophic implications” of his “doctrines” are Marxist in nature.With respect to the first line of development, it seems to me that Keynes's devotion was to ends rather than to means, that he viewed means always as experimental, and that it is a central conviction in his personal philosophy that we do not know how human beings will react to a change in environment. For that reason, and also because circumstances alter with the passage of time, we must be prepared always to alter economic modes, or even to “reverse a process” which has been initiated. This is not the philosophy of the Keynesian stereotype.

USEFUL LINES FOR STRUCTURAL RESEARCH

FOR the fourth time we are enabled, through his courtesy, to bring to the notice of our readers a paper read in America by Mr. F. R. SHANLEY of the LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION. On this occasion it is to the AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS that we are also indebted for permission to reproduce it in AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING. Owing to the incidence of the occasion on which it was presented, the present paper was written for the information of those engaged in general mechanical engineering on the problems peculiar to aeroplane structures, but it is equally interesting and valuable to the aeronautical engineer, who will undoubtedly find much food for reflection in it. We have previously called attention to the essentially practical qualities which the author brings to bear on the research matters that engage his attention and to his generosity, and that of his firm, in making these available to other workers. This is in accordance with an admirable American tradition. Would that it were equally prevalent in England; but unfortunately a less open‐hearted view of such publication has always been taken in this country than across the Atlantic and we have as yet noticed no signs of a changes of attitude.

Contemporary Indian Philosophy

IT is for the mutual benefit of Eastern and Western philosophers that such books as the present are published. A clarification of Indian thought is just as important to Indians themselves as to the growing number of European scholars who make a technical study of Indian thought. Of the fourteen thinkers who contributed to the present volume, Gandhi and Tagore belong to Indian national life, and their messages are incorporated more for their moral influence than for their expert value. But the essays of the other writers provide much food for reflection. Contemporary Indian Philosophy M. K. Gandhi Rabindranath Tagore Swāmi Abhedānanda, Ananda K. C. Bhattacharyya G. C. Chatterji Ananda K. Coomaraswamy Bhagavan Das Surendranath Dasgupta Hiralal Haldar M. Hiriyanna S. Radhakrishnan R. D. Ranade V. Subrahmanya Iyer A. R. Wadia. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Prof. J. H. Muirhead. (Library of Philosophy.) Pp. 375. (London: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd., 1936.) 16s. net.

Promotion of Chinese Studies

There is much food for reflection in Bulletin No. 10 issued by the American Council of Learned Societies, April, 1929, under the title at the head of this article. The pamphlet contains a full account of the various steps which have been taken toward the formation of a permanent organization in America of persons interested in oriental studies. A list of those present at the first conference held in New York City, December 1, 1928, is given in Annex A. It calls to mind practically every American who has ever been heard of in connection with Chinese studies, and also three Chinese who are employed in American institutions, namely, Kaiming Ch'iu of Harvard, Kiang K'ang-hu of the Library of Congress and Wang Chi-chen of Columbia. Prof. Paul Pelliot of the College de France was also present as a guest. The minutes of the various meetings have been recorded with sufficient detail for the reader to be able to form a good idea of what was discussed.

IV.—The Imperial Institute Map of the Chief Sources of Metals in the British Empire

The Imperial Institute, in continuation of its publications with reference to the mineral resources of the Empire, has now issued a map with diagrams indicating the sources within the Empire of the chief metals of commercial importance. The outline map shows the occurrence in each British country of the important metallic ores and also the existence of deposits at present unworked. The locality for each occurrence is not given in detail, but only a general statement, carried out by printing the names of the metals therein found in large type across the face of the country. Asterisks indicate existence of unworked deposits in producing countries, while brackets show the existence of unworked deposits in nonproducing countries. Diagrams are also given, showing in a graphic form the production of metal or ore in each producing country; these statistics are given for the year 1915: since that date many and important changes have occurred, although no doubt it would be difficult, if not impossible, to obtain complete and reliable figures for the later years. The diagrams also show in an instructive manner the relation of the output of the British Empire to those of other countries of the world. The facts here set forth, when carefully studied, afford much food for reflection.

The Beginner in Poultry The Zest and the Profit in Poultry Growing

BY the time the “beginner” has read this book he might well think himself something more than a beginner. The keynote of the work is sympathy, and once possessing that, it is hard indeed if one cannot make a success of any hobby in live stock. Naturally, the suggestions as to management are more suited to the States than to this country, but the reader who wishes to take a broad view of aviculture, and is already conversant with the ins and outs of the daily routine, will find much food for reflection by a careful study of many of the chapters. We would specially commend to the powers that be section 22 on poultry schools. When one knows of the hard struggle for existence some of our educational work has had, and the scant support our own Board of Agriculture can offer, it makes one feel somewhat envious of the magnificent grants that are so freely available on the other side. The writer of this notice has had the good fortune to take part in some of the courses alluded to, and knows that such experts as are engaged at Cornell and Corvallis, &c., are past masters in the poultry world, and heartily endorses much of what the book says on this question.

Ship's Magnetism

IN a review of my book on the subject of the “Deviations of the Compass in Iron Ships” which appeared in NATURE of June 18 and in the last paragraph, there are statements to which I would take exception. In this paragraph the reviewer finds “food for reflection” in that, after defining C.G.S. units in the introduction of my book, I stick to inches and to other units in the text and charts.

On the Determination of Positions in Polar Exploration

HAVING in view the importance of this subject in connection with the forthcoming Antarctic expedition, a brief comment on the results obtained in high latitudes, with which we have been favoured during the last few months, may not be out of place. The publication of the scientific results of the Nansen expedition is now before us, and these, together with a few which (without further explanation perhaps) scarcely merit the employment of this adjective, and which are to be found in the pages of Mr. Borchgrevink's account of the Southern Cross expedition, afford food for reflection, but whether they could be more satisfactorily dealt with by a professional man of science or a professional humorist may be open to question. The first have resulted in a series of deductions and suggestions which will strike thoughtful men as being eminently unpractical, and the latter is responsible for considerable confusion of mind in regard to the geographical positions of the most important points to which the expedition just about to start is instructed to proceed.

MATERIALISM VERSUS SENTIMENT IN THE STUDY OF THE CAUSES AND CORRECTION OF CRIME.Read in the Section of Medical Jurisprudence, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.

When, in response to the courteous and complimentary invitation of the distinguished secretary, I promised to write a paper upon the relation of materialism to the vice problem for this Section, I did not realize the difficulty of presenting views of a comprehensive character within the compass of a single paper. Since beginning my task, however, I have found that it will be impossible for me to present anything more than an array of generalities. These generalities, gleaned from an extensive range of thought upon this subject, I trust may at least serve as food for reflection. Some years ago I published in theChicago Medical Journal and Examinera contribution entitled, The Pathological Causes of Vice. This was based upon observations of the criminal class during my service as surgeon at the Blackwell's Island Penitentiary, and in other metropolitan institutions. This article, while well received by