Famine Research Articles

The Effect of Boko Haram Insurgency on Health and Nutrition among the Residents of Bolori 2 of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council of Borno State, Nigeria.

The Effect of Boko Haram Insurgency on Health and Nutrition among the Residents of Bolori 2 of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council of Borno State, Nigeria.

CRISES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT

In recent years, there have been many different crises such as the dotcom crisis in the late 1990s, the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, the pandemic economic crisis and the global economic recession of 2020, the rise in commodity prices and the increase in inflation from 2021, the out-break of war in Ukraine, the energy and food crisis that occurred in 2022 in many countries. In addition, the climate crisis is also increasingly developing, which is generated primarily by the still high level of civilization's greenhouse gas emissions and the accelerating process of global warm-ing. As the scale and frequency of various crises increase, more and more business entities and public institutions are taking various anti-crisis measures, creating and improving risk manage-ment systems, early warning systems and contingency plans, carrying out corrective and develop-mental restructuring processes, creating innovative solutions to flexibly adapt to the changing environment. As the climate crisis is likely to develop for many years to come, so the importance of achieving the goals of sustainable development and urgently carrying out a green transformation of the economy is growing. In the context of the issues outlined above, the importance of efficient organizational management, information management and crisis management is growing. The improvement of the management processes of economic entities, including crisis management, has been realized in recent years through the implementation of new ICT information technologies and technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4.0, into information systems.

ISLAMIC ECONOMIC STRATEGY FACES GLOBAL RECESSION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF DAKWAH

The threat of a global economic recession in 2023 is a concern for many countries, including Indonesia, which is affected by the continuing conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Food crises and budget deficits are serious problems in various countries today. The Financial Services Authority (OJK) reports that economic recessions generally occur when gross domestic product (GDP), unemployment rate, and economic growth decline for two consecutive quarters. In addition, inflation is inevitable, and central banks in various countries are also raising interest rates aggressively. All this resulted in major problems that would be difficult to overcome without the concept of Islamic economics. To understand the concept of Islamic economics, massive da'wah efforts by da'is are needed. They must continue to improve their understanding of Islam, both in terms of ubudiyah and muamalah. Their da'wah material is expected to be an inspiration and solution to overcome various problems faced by the people. The purpose of da'wah is to change people's attitudes and behavior for the better, both individually, family, and society, so that their way of thinking and way of life change for the better. In the economic context, the balance between supply and demand, the circulation of money as a medium of exchange, and the production activities of basic necessities are important keys. Islamic economic da'wah promotes this balance and promotes economic justice. The role of the Islamic economy is expected to be an intermediary in production activities, so that the real sector of the economy can run balanced and fair, even in the face of economic crisis or recession.

An Exploratory Study of LDA Topic Modeling on Meal Services for Children with Food Crisis: Perceptions of Service Providers and Child Caregivers

An Exploratory Study of LDA Topic Modeling on Meal Services for Children with Food Crisis: Perceptions of Service Providers and Child Caregivers

The EU Trade Policy and Its Impact on East Asian Economies and Particularly in South Korea

Global political economy has been experiencing a new normal period through the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine War since Jan. 2020. At the same time, the trade conflict between the USA and China has been continuing since the Trump Administration and even expanding to the technology conflict under the Biden Administration that has enhanced protectionism in the world trade. Due to these conflicts, discussions on de-globalization or re-globalization are raised. The two expected or unexpected historical events have resulted in a long wave of high inflation, energy and food crises, disorder of global supply chains etc. in the global economy, which is known as a new normal era shifted from low inflation, well-functioning global supply chains based on division of labor. In order to strengthen its economic and political leadership, the Biden government has upgraded the Trump’s America First Policy to the Made in America Policy based on Chips and Science Act (CSA) and Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which represent a new era of protectionism. In parallel, the EU has also considered to impose Net Zero Industry Act (NZIA) and other Acts in Green Deal Industrial Plan (GDIP). This paper aims to analyze the new trend of protectionism in the EU. It also focuses on impacts of protectionism on South Korea in particular.

Economic Innovation for Global Food Crisis: Technology-based Sustainable Solutions Review

One of the biggest problems confronting humanity in the twenty-first century is the global food crisis. Global food security is becoming more and more precarious as population growth picks up speed and climate change puts agricultural sustainability and food security in jeopardy. Technology is an important factor for increasing sustainable food systems in order to accomplish this goal. Smart Farming concept combines sensors, data analytics, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and information and communication technology (ICT). In this research paper, the researchers' method of gathering data is documentation studies. This research aims to review technologies that could be utilized to overcome the global food crisis, one of which is smart farming. The society is expected to contribute to collective efforts to create a world free of starvation and abundant food for all through this understanding of smart farming.

Analysis of the Impact of Insufficient Grain Supply on the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Throughout the Taiping Rebellion, the issue of food supply became its Achilles heel, causing extremely adverse effects on the revolutionary movement. In the early stages of the uprising, due to insufficient food supply, it had to break through from Yong’an, making military operations constrained by food supply; Nanjing was established as the capital for the convenience of food supply, which resulted in significant military strategic mistakes; At the same time, the insufficient supply of food intensified the internal contradictions of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. It adopted methods such as ordering tribute and attacking vanguard to obtain food, which not only disappointed the farmers who had high hopes for it, but also caused serious opposition among landlords and gentry. Even the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s army had several incidents of fire and union to compete for food. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom experienced a food crisis due to food supply issues, which led to serious political, military, and religious crises, ultimately leading to the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement.

Back in the Soup: Now What?

This article for AJAD presents the outlook for the world rice market as of early September 2023. It builds on my AJAD article from a year ago (Timmer 2022) and on multiple articles in the East Asia Forum (see Editorial Board, ANU 2023a, b). A year ago, the world was facing a severe food crisis. All the ingredients for significant shortages of food grains and vegetable oils were already boiling. An article in this journal at the time asked how to manage such a crisis (Timmer 2022). The answer was a series of steps designed to build confidence in the availability of supplies. Leadership was sought from Indonesia, chair of the G20 in 2022, and soon to be chair of ASEAN. Indonesia delivered (Editorial Board, ANU 2023a). World food markets remained relatively calm, rice prices actually declined for several months, and the world’s consumers breathed a bit easier. But the breathing space was short-lived. A combination of factors, especially the rampedup attacks by Russia on Ukrainian food export infrastructure and the emergence of a vigorous El Niño in Asian rice bowls, has led to renewed concerns about an impending food crisis. This time the focus is on rice, rather than wheat, maize, and vegetable oils. But rice is increasingly the “food of the poor” in Asia and in Africa (Timmer 2013). A spike in rice prices will cause widespread hunger.

EFEK BIAYA LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN EMISI KARBON PADA PERUSAHAAN ENERGI DI INDONESIA

The world currently faces issues related to climate change. Climate change poses a threat to the lives of all living beings in the form of extreme temperature increases, an increased potential for natural disasters, food crises, rising sea levels, the endangerment of flora and fauna, and heightened health risks. The proliferation of global warming issues has made stakeholders more environmentally conscious, even more aware of a company's environmental impact. The aim of this research is to understand the model of detecting Carbon Emissions Disclosure with determinants based on the Triple Bottom Line, one of which is Environmental costs. The research method involved a population of energy sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) for the period 2016-2020, as the energy sector has the largest environmental impact. The variable used in this research represents the triple bottom line, which is environmental costs. The analysis technique used was Eviews due to the panel data used. The research results indicate that environmental costs do not have a significant impact on carbon emissions disclosure.

Демография и мировая продовольственная безопасность

The subject of the research is demography and food security. The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of demographic processes on ensuring food security in the world. The objectives of the study are to consider demographic and food problems, analyze the current state and identify prospects for the development of agriculture as the basis of food security, as well as develop measures to prevent the global food crisis, one of the reasons for which is the growth of the planet’s population. Novelty of the study: digital data characterizing the state of demographic processes against the background of population growth and aging in many countries, demand for food and its shortage are highlighted. Conclusions: mass hunger as a consequence of a structural food crisis is not only a problem for individual countries, but also a challenge for the entire world community. The development and implementation of government measures to combat hunger is one of the priorities of the modern international community in ensuring global food security. The food problem is caused by various factors (population growth, climate change, underinvestment in agriculture, uneven food distribution, poverty and inequality, political environment). The demographic factor, caused by the growing number of poor and hungry people, determines the deterioration of food security in any country.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL PECULIARITIES AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

This paper examines world trade in agri-food products in the context of international economic integration. This is due to the importance of foreign trade for the economic development of countries, especially in the context of globalisation, the increase in the number of integration groups whose participation affects the terms of trade of their member and non-member countries, and the aggravation of the food crisis. The purpose of this article is to identify the state and trends of world trade in agri-food products, taking into account regional characteristics and the participation of countries in integration groupings, and to determine their role in the future. Methodology. The research is based on a comparison of parts of individual regions and integration groups in world trade, identifying trends and features. The publication uses the methods of analysis, synthesis, generalisation, comparative assessment, and graphical methods, in particular, to identify the main trends, draw conclusions, etc. Results. The study shows that world trade in agri-food products is growing significantly, both globally and by region. The countries of Europe and the Americas are the main exporters, but the countries of Asia, South and Central America and Africa are the fastest growing exporters. However, the main suppliers remain the member countries of the most advanced integration groupings - the European Union, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR). It is proposed to divide the main exporters into regions, integration groups and countries. The issue of food security is one of the most important in modern conditions and within the integration groups. It is advisable that they contribute to some extent to solving this problem at the regional level and in relation to third countries. To this end, it is advisable to develop measures to provide food aid to countries affected by natural disasters, climate change or other adverse circumstances on several fronts: within integration groups, in the region and at the global level. These groups are expected to remain among the largest suppliers of agri-food products in the future, and one of the main reasons for this is their participation in integration groups, which facilitates the liberalisation of the movement of new technologies, in particular to the agricultural sector.

Ham Petrol ve Seçilmiş Gıda Ürünleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Tahmini

Purpose: Increasing food prices as a result of food crisis in 2007-2008 increased interest in this relationship in the literature. The objective of this research is to establish a causal link between crude oil and food prices by examining the prices of various food commodities, including wheat, sunflower, soybean, cotton, and corn. Design/Methodology/Approach: To explore the relationship between crude oil and food prices, a range of methodologies were employed, including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Granger causality test, Johansen Cointegration analysis, vector autoregression model, vector error correction model, action and reaction analysis, and variance decomposition. Findings: The findings highlight both short- and long-term connections between the variables, as well as the influence of food prices on crude oil during the second sub-period. Originality/Value: Studies investigating the relationship between food prices and crude oil were mostly conducted through “energy”. The difference of this study is the fact that it draws attention to the impact of crude oil on food prices next to the effect of food product prices accepted as internal variable in the literature on crude oil.

The Global Issues of The Islamic Economic System: Study Of Islamic Philantrophy (Ziswaf) as a Strategy For 2023 Recession In Indonesia

Abstract
 Russia's Ukrainian conflict is not only a concern internationally but also a problem for the international market due to the threat of a food and energy crisis Moreover, the two countries are the world's largest producers and exporters of oil gas, and wheat. This resulted in a global recession, which was characterized by a decrease in economic activity, increased inflation, and weak economic growth. The threat of economic recession hits various countries because they cannot pay production costs and tend to have layoffs while increasing the national unemployment rate. This paper offers the instrument of Islamic philanthropy (Ziswaf) the means to deal with a global economic recession. Social funds (Ziswaf) are widely used for humane programs, especially for the economically weak, both consumptive and productive. This paper uses a narrative method of quantifiable research with literature obtained from books, newspapers, and other information media. In the paper, evidence of previous research will also be given as evidence that Ziswaf can become a strategy as well as a solution to face the 2023 economic recession. Moreover, if the Ziswaf funds are distributed properly and fairly, undoubtedly the unemployment and poverty rates are easily overcome.

The impact of the Ukrainian food crisis on the globalized world

The article is devoted to an overview of the main effects of the food crisis in Ukraine, caused by the Russian invasion, in relation to the world situation in the food sector. The author gives a systemic outline of the macro-level impact of Russia's war against Ukraine on the problems of hunger, access to healthy food, prospects for destabilization processes in the sphere of food production and supply. The most significant aspects of the influence of hostilities on the production of agricultural products in Ukraine and on its export are considered. We are analyzing the consequences in the field of global pricing on food markets, the global fight against hunger in different countries. The global food crisis, which began long before the Russian invasion, has turned into a lever of global political struggle. Despite the partial leveling of processes in the field of global food security in 2023, it is not yet possible to talk about a return to the indicators of the beginning of 2022. We highlight the general aspects of the operation of the Black Sea Grain Initiative and the consequences of the disruption of its operation are considered. The author notes the ambiguity of the case with the Black Sea Grain Initiative; this ambiguity is illustrated by the position of five Eastern European countries, at whose request the European Commission limited the sale of Ukrainian grain on their territories. The dependence of the global situation in the field of food security on political intrigues and nuances further complicates the process of overcoming food problems. This case causes reputational damage to Ukraine in addition to the direct damage caused by the Russian invasion. It records the growth of crisis processes in the fields related to the food sphere and the ambiguity of the positions of individual European states regarding the crisis of Ukrainian grain exports. We made a conclusion about the large-scale damage caused to the stability of the world food market by direct and indirect consequences of the war in Ukraine, and about the negative prospects of this problematic field.

Agricultural Production Connectedness and Networks in Türkiye

The world’s population has been growing rapidly and since the 2006–2008 global food crisis, it has been questioned many times that how the world’s growing population will be fed properly. According to reputable international institutions, the world may be insufficient to supply enough food in the near future, and this fact may cause many economic, social, and government problems. In Türkiye, these problems will be realized more harshly than in peer countries for some reasons. Türkiye has one of the highest population growth rates in the world, while it hosts the highest number of refugees in the world. In addition, Türkiye’s agriculture sector has been experiencing a harsh downfall recently and the country has been dependent on importing food and agricultural commodities. Therefore, in this paper, I investigate the connectedness and networks of agricultural production in Türkiye by using the connectedness approach of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2014), which is based on the forecast error variance decomposition methodology of generalized vector autoregressive models. I use Türkiye’s most produced agricultural commodity data, which are barley, wheat, rye, paddy, lentil, chickpea, and oat. The material consists of annual production data from 1938 to 2019. According to the analysis results, Türkiye’s agricultural production has been highly connected. Our findings show that production shocks arising from wheat and barley have spilled over to other commodities. Agricultural production networks and pairwise spillovers also exhibit a similar result that most of the commodities are highly interconnected to wheat and barley production. Besides, pairwise connectedness results show that there are some strong and weak connectivity relations, and these can be used for the decision-making process, risk aversion, and risk-seeking purposes. Our findings have important implications for policymaking for institutions, diversification, and risk management for producers, suppliers, and traders.

Local food policy: implementation of food initiatives from the national level to the level of territorial communities of Kharkiv region

The article is devoted to the analysis of food policy in the Kharkiv region. In addition, the article examines certain aspects of the national policy aimed at preventing the food crisis in the conditions of war. The author briefly examines the main problems and challenges faced by agriculture and the food sector in wartime conditions. The article highlights the main measures aimed at ensuring equal access to food products in wartime and the steps taken for this purpose at different levels: national, regional and in individual communities of the Kharkiv region. In more detail, the article examines the role of local authorities and public initiatives in improving food policy, as they allow not only to ensure food security, but also to involve internally displaced persons in economic activities. The author states that the prospects of food policy in the Kharkiv region are dependent on many factors, in addition to the actual course of the military conflict. The article concludes about the special importance of the following factors: strengthening the defense capability and security of agricultural facilities, transport routes; increasing the efficiency and transparency of the mechanisms of state regulation of food prices, control over the quality and safety of food products, prevention of speculation and abuse; expanding the scope and variety of state support to national food producers; development of international cooperation and integration into the European and world market; support and development of public organizations, volunteer movement, social entrepreneurship, local initiatives and projects that contribute to the provision of food and support to the needy; raising the level of education, culture, awareness and responsibility of the population regarding food security.

Assessing consumer rationality during a pandemic: Panic buying behaviours and its association with online social media discourse

As an unprecedented, shared global experience in crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic witnessed unusual behaviours amongst populations. Large-scale panic buying was observed in numerous countries. Such behaviours can be detrimental to the population's wellbeing and societal functioning. As global pandemics are a relatively rare phenomenon in history, research examining panic buying behaviours during pandemics and actual panic buying behaviours has been scarce. Within the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the prevalence of social media has made it possible to monitor panic buying discourse real-time. The present research aims to study the relationship between online public discourse and its relationship with abnormal surges in buying behaviours. We first examined Singapore residents' supermarket purchase patterns based on daily supermarket sales data during Covid-19 and investigated its relationship with parallel social media information on the internet. Analysis involving these two large-scale social media and supermarket datasets revealed distinct purchasing patterns for various types of products such as staple food items and home electronic products. While significant positive correlation was found between purchasing patterns of staple and long-lasting canned foods and online discourse, this was absent for items such as home appliances and entertainment products. The findings point to the potential role of social media data in predicting future abnormal food demand episodes, with implications on food security and crisis management.

The New Role of Monetary Policy in Promoting Developmental Central Banking: The Case of Financial Inclusion in Bangladesh

The world economy and global geopolitics have not been this complex in many decades. Indeed, the clouds have further darkened in recent months, and the global economic outlook looks more uncertain. The pandemic, the disruptions in the supply chain, the persistent uncertainties and fallout from the war in Ukraine, the commodity price shocks, and the worldwide increase in inflation, all in one, are in motion to make the global financial system so different than what we used to know. Regarding economic management, policymakers worldwide are finding out that the water will be choppy for some time, and the waves will be big and many. The recently concluded Annual General Meetings of the IMF and the World Bank provided a grim picture of the outlook of the global economy, including a potential food crisis if the war in Ukraine continues for a longer period.

Coping with Food Crises

Abstract In response to three major postwar food crises (1945–1946, 1972–1973 and 2007–2008), Japan developed a distinctive approach to food security. The largest food crisis in Japan’s modern history occurred after the defeat in 1945 as a result of the loss of former colonies, adverse weather, and import limitations imposed by the Allies. In 1973, the United States imposed a soybean embargo, leaving Japan with uncertain supplies. More recently, the 2007–2008 world food prices crisis brought new concerns about Japan’s overreliance on foreign markets. As a result of the cumulative effects of these crises, Japan developed what we define a ‘preventive approach to food security’, whereby it seeks to mitigate the negative effects of any potential future food emergency by promoting self-sufficiency and ensuring a steady supply of imports. In this article we will analyse and clarify the central role of the three postwar food crises in shaping this approach.

From guano to green hydrogen: food security and fertilizer disputes in international energy law

Abstract Russia’s invasion of Ukraine triggered energy and food crises, driven by demand for natural gas as fuel and fertilizer feedstock. By adopting a recent framework for analysing the diverse ways in which international law regulates energy transactions, I extend the category of end-use energy products to include food for human consumption, given the economic importance of dietary energy and the entangled agendas of energy and food security. To highlight the intermediate roles played by international law in securing resources for conversion into dietary energy, I show how rules allocating entitlements over fossil fuels were inherited from an earlier generation of international disputes over fertilizer resources, including the taxation of nitrate exports, alien entitlements to guano discoveries, and the well-known confiscation of a factory at Chorzów. Many of these disputes between States and commercial actors prefigured the reliance of the modern energy industry on investment arbitration and retain currency in case law. Yet, the fertilizer trade also informed the development of offshore resource entitlements, the local regulation of global externalities, and the belated recognition of the rights of peoples over natural resources. Despite this normative evolution, dispute settlement in the energy sector is still driven by States and commercial actors, although the underlying transactions may have profound implications for food security. By reframing food as energy and integrating fertilizer disputes into a long history of international energy law, the anticipated transition from fossil fuels towards green hydrogen as a dual-use fuel and fertilizer feedstock may generate familiar sites of distributive conflict over resources for the production of dietary energy, calling for closer attention to whether food security may be enhanced by the entitlements of collective subjects (food sovereignty), individuals (right to food), corporations (investment protection), and States (economic regulation).