Frequency Of Food Consumption Research Articles

Study on behavioral risk factors and lagging effect analysis with liver cancer mortality in rural critical areas of 4 provinces of China from 2009 to 2019

Objective: To analyze the trend of liver cancer mortality in rural key areas of Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Shandong Province, and Henan Province (4 provinces) from 2009 to 2019 and to explore the influence of behavioral risk factors on liver cancer mortality and its lagging effect, and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer in China. Methods: Based on the 2009-2019 National Cause of Death Surveillance Database of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the survey data of tumor and risk factor behavior of residents in key areas of 4 provinces, Joinpoint 4.2 software was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for assessing the temporal trend of standardized mortality of liver cancer; Chi-square test and trend Chi-square test were used to analyze the regional distribution difference and temporal change trend of behavioral habit factors. Stata 16 was used to establish a panel model to analyze the correlation and lagging effect of behavioral risk factors with liver cancer. Results: The standardized mortality rate of liver cancer in Jinhu County, Sheyang County, Lingbi County, Shou County, Mengcheng County, Wenshang County, Juye County, Luoshan County, Shenqiu County, and Xiping County showed a downward trend (AAPC<0, P<0.05) from 2009 to 2019. The consumption frequency of pickles/salted fish, red meat, and aquatic products showed a downward trend. The consumption frequency of healthy foods such as fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and dairy products in all counties and districts showed an upward trend, and the consumption frequency of fried foods, kimchi, smoked foods, moldy foods, coffee, and soy products remained at a low level (P<0.05); but the consumption frequency of soy products and dairy products was still <20.00%. Fried food, pickles/salted fish, current smoking rate, alcohol consumption rate, and unvaccinated hepatitis B vaccine rate were positively correlated with liver cancer death, and there was a lag effect, and the lag period was 4, 1, 6, 5, 4 years respectively. Conclusions: From 2009 to 2019, the mortality rate of liver cancer in rural key areas of 4 provinces shows a downward trend. There is a correlation and lagging effect between behavioral risk factors such as fried food, smoking, and alcohol consumption and liver cancer death.

Revised Swedish infant feeding guidelines are associated with earlier introduction of allergenic foods

Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that early introduction of allergenic foods, such as peanut and egg, can reduce food allergy in high-risk children. Many international guidelines recommend introduction of allergenic foods in the first year of life, and accordingly, the Swedish National Food agency released updated guidelines in June 2019. Our aim was to examine whether the age at introduction and consumption frequency of allergenic foods have changed since release of the revised national guidelines on the introduction of solid foods in Sweden. Children born between June 2016 and December 2018 (n= 1925) were compared with children born between June 2019 and April 2021 (n= 1761) by using data from the NorthPop Birth Cohort study. Data on food introduction, eczema, and food allergy were prospectively collected until age 18 months by using web-based questionnaires. IgE sensitization was assessed at 18 age months. The proportion of participants who had been introduced to egg, legume, soy products, peanut, almond, and cashew nut during the first year of life increased after implementation of the revised national guidelines. The most significant changes were seen for legume (from 55.2% to 69.8% [adjusted odds ratio= 1.90 (95% CI= 1.62-2.24)]) and peanut (from 29.2% to 43.2% adjusted odds ratio= 1.87 (95% CI= 1.55-2.24)]); consumption frequency had also increased. No differences in the prevalence of eczema, food allergy, or sensitization to the foods of interest were found. Since release of the revised guidelines, infants in the general population are introduced to and consume a variety of allergenic foods earlier and more frequently; however, early manifestations of allergic disease have remained unchanged.

THU342 Per And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances And Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus In Korean Adults

Abstract Disclosure: S. Kim: None. Objectives: Recent epidemiologic research has studied the relationship between Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and diabetes mellitus (DM), yet the findings have been inconsistent. We examined the association between serum PFAS concentrations and the prevalence of diabetes in the Korean general population. Methods: We analyzed the data of 2,993 participants aged ≥ aged 19 years who participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 4 (2018-2020). Serum concentrations of 5 PFAS [perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)] were quantified using using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Individuals with DM were identified by the presence of one or more of the following conditions: (1) self-reported diabetes; (2) use of a glucose-lowering medication; (3) hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between PFAS concentrations and DM after adjusting for age, sex, central obesity, education levels, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and frequency of delivery food consumption. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to investigate the independent and combined relationship between PFAS exposure and DM prevalence. Results: The prevalence of DM was 11.8%. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of DM in the highest quartile relative to the lowest were 0.85 (0.56, 1.32) for PFOA, 1.39 (0.87, 2.23) for PFNA, 0.95 (0.63, 1.43) for PFDeA, 1.52 (1.01, 2.35) for PFHsS, 1.26 (0.77, 2.05) for PFOS and 1.01 (0.66, 1.55) for the sum of PFAS. According to the BKMR model results, PFNA and PFHxS were positively associated with an increased risk of DM, while PFOA and PFDeA were negatively associated. The risk of DM appeared to rise in correlation with the PFAS mixture quartile, but the association was statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Different associations between PFAS concentrations and DM were observed according to the PFAS isomers. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of action of different PFAS isomers on the development of DM. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

Association between frequency of processed and ultraprocessed food consumption with lifestyle habits score for cancer prevention among adults in Malaysia

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality globally. Processed and ultra-processed foods are reported to be high in energy, sugar, and unhealthy fats, while low in fibre, vitamins and minerals, that can increase the risk of cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving adults aged 18-59 years was conducted in Peninsular Malaysia (n=122). Sociodemographic data were obtained through a questionnaire and lifestyle habits score for cancer prevention was assessed using MyGenomSihat©. The food frequency questionnaire used had four groups (i.e., unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods, and ultra-processed foods) containing 53 food items to evaluate the frequency of food consumption. All data obtained were self-reported by the participants. Results: Mean age was 27.6±8.1 years with a majority (76.2%) having household income of less than &lt;RM4,850. The results from MyGenomSihat© demonstrated that majority (53.3%) of subjects had average scores between 41-85, which is considered to be satisfactory lifestyle habits. Most Malaysian adults ate ultra-processed foods (32.9%) compared to processed foods (4.9%). However, there were no significant correlations between consumption of both processed and ultraprocessed food groups and lifestyle habits score for cancer prevention (r=-0.072, p=0.089 and r=-0.008, p=0.992, respectively). Conclusion: Most subjects had satisfactory lifestyle habits scores for cancer prevention. Interventions are needed to improve lifestyle habits among the targeted population for cancer prevention.

Hygienic assessment of potassium intake from food

Aim. To assess the level of potassium intake among the adult population in Western Siberia.Materials and methods. The actual level of potassium intake from food products was assessed by surveying a representative sample of 441 adults in the Omsk region (Russia) using a questionnaire of food consumption frequency in 2019–2020.Results. The median daily potassium intake in the studied sample was 2620.9 mg/day (2005.97; 3456.10), which corresponded to the level of potassium intake in other Russian regions and other countries. This level was found to be significantly lower than that recommended by WHO. The share of adult population with a potassium consumption below physiological requirements in the Omsk region was 39.2 ± 2.3%. No significant differences were observed in potassium intake between men and women (except for the age group of 65 years and older), as well as between different age groups. The main potassium sources were established to be vegetables (37.8%), fruits (16.5%), potatoes (9.2%), fresh tomatoes (8.7%), fresh apples (8.0%), and soups (6.9%). An increase in age was associated with a decrease in potassium intake from confectionery and beverages. At the same time, the contribution of such food groups as ‘porridge and pasta’ and ‘fish and seafood’ increased. In women, vegetables and fruits made a slightly greater contribution as potassium sources. In men, these were bakery and meat products.Conclusion. Insufficient potassium intake among the large share of adult population in the Omsk region can be a significant risk factor in the development of arterial hypertension, which requires preventive measures.

Asociación de ingesta alimentaria con riesgo de un trastorno alimentario, actividad física e índice de masa corporal en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: During university life new routines and life-styles are adapted into conduct, which can associate to unfavorable changes in food consumption, alimentary-risk conducts (CAR) associated with alimentary-conduct disorders (TCA), sedentary life-style and restrained physical-activity (AF), which promote weight-gain and have repercussions on the body-mass index (IMC), enhancing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in such population. Objectives: The main objective for this study was to determine the association between the alimentary intake, CAR, AF, sedentary life-style and IMC in college students from Hidalgo state. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transversal analytic study in a probabilistic sample of 378 students of both sexes, ranging from 18 to 30 years old in Hidalgo, México. The frequency of food consumption, TCA-risk, sedentary lifestyle, and AF were measured by the means of previously validated and standardized scales. The patient’s IMC was calculated from self-reports. RESULTS: TCA-risk was slightly higher in women (38.1%) than in men (29%), nonetheless the difference was not significant. The consumption of certain food-groups presented a significant difference by sex, TCA-risk and AF class. 31.7% of the sample registered a sedentary life-style, with men exerting more AF than women. The sampled population reached a total prevalence of 28% of overweight/obesity. CONCLUSION: Overweight/obesity increased 2.19 times the risk for developing a TCA in the overall population. In women, this condition increased 3.27 times the risk. It was observed that female sex is a protective factor (in 64% of the cases) to develop overweight/obesity (RM= 0.36, p&lt;0.01).

The Relationship Between Fast Food Consumption, Pocket Money, And Quality Of Sleep With Over Nutrition In Adolescents

Background: Adolescents with obese nutritional status are at risk of experiencing degenerative diseases, which can reduce the quality of life of adolescents. The healthy rate of overweight and obesity is closely related to food intake and lifestyle. Consuming fast food has become a lifestyle for teenagers. This is also influenced by the amount of pocket money, making it easy for teenagers to get fast food. Another lifestyle factor that is related to obesity in adolescents is the quality of sleep. This study aims to determine the relationship between fast food consumption, pocket money, and sleep quality with the incidence of overweight in adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Telukjambe Timur Karawang. Research Methods: This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Telukjambe Karawang. The respondents were grade 10 and 11 students aged 16-18 years. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total sample of 103 respondents. The method used is quantitative research with survey techniques utilizing a cross-sectional approach. Data analysis was performed with the chi-square test. The instruments used in this study were the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and the pocket money questionnaire. Research Result: Analysis of statistical test data using spearman rank. The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents aged 16 years were 74 people (71.8%), non-overnutrition were 76 people (73.8%), rarely consumed fast food as many as 59 people (57.3%), sleep quality 76 people (73.8%) have insufficient income, and 74 people (71.8%) have low pocket money. Conclusion: The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between the frequency of fast food consumption and the quality of sleep with the incidence of overweight, and there is no relationship between pocket money and the incidence of overweight and the fast food consumption habits of adolescents.

An Investigation of TAS2R38 Haplotypes, Dietary Intake, and Risk Factors for Chronic Disease in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

BackgroundVariation in common taste receptor type 2 member 38 (TAS2R38) haplotypes is associated with bitter-taste sensitivity, but associations with dietary intake and risk factors for chronic disease are inconsistent. ObjectivesTo determine whether common TAS2R38 haplotypes are associated with dietary intake and risk factors for chronic disease using cross-sectional data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 26,090). Outcomes were assessed among the full sample and stratified by sex. MethodsTaster status was determined from TAS2R38 haplotypes, and the respondents were classified as supertasters, tasters, and nontasters. Primary outcome variables were the consumption frequencies of vegetables, sweet-tasting foods, alcoholic beverages, and visceral adiposity index (VAI). Secondary outcome variables were the individual VAI components. Multivariable regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were used to assess associations between the taster status and outcome variables. ResultsAmong the sample, 5655, 12,821, and 7614 respondents were classified as supertasters, tasters, and nontasters, respectively. Vegetable consumption was significantly higher among nontasters than among supertasters (1.23 ± 0.26 and 1.20 ± 0.22, respectively, P = 0.02). Among males, the consumption of sweet-tasting foods (0.40 ± 8.80 and 0.38 ± 7.55, P = 0.02) and green salad (0.35 ± 0.31 and 0.33 ± 0.27, P = 0.02) was also higher for nontasters than supertasters. Nontasters were more likely to be regular alcohol consumers compared with supertasters among the full sample (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.12 [1.03, 1.22]; P = 0.01) and among females (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.27; P = 0.04). No significant associations were observed between TAS2R38 haplotypes and VAI, although high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower among supertasters than nontasters (1.45 ± 0.59 and 1.47 ± 0.63, respectively; P = 0.04). ConclusionsAmong middle- to older-aged adults, minor associations are observed between TAS2R38 haplotypes, dietary intake, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Genetic predisposition to bitter-taste sensitivity is linked to diet; however, further research is needed to understand the relevance for chronic disease risk.

Is There any Connection Between ADHD and the Additives in Sweetened Beverages?

BACKGROUND: Sweetened beverages (SBs) have been linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), possibly because they contain sugar, caffeine, artificial colors, sweeteners, and preservatives. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to show how SBs affect ADHD and to investigate the potential contribution of the various ingredients in SBs to this effect. METHODS: The study consisted of 239 children, ranging from 6 to 10 years old, divided into two groups: 111 with ADHD, diagnosed by a doctor in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, and 128 in the control group, who were selected from schools. The modified Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with 17 sweetened beverages was used in the assessment of beverage consumption. The consumption record was taken together with the brands of the beverages and the label information of the products was examined and the amounts of sugar, caffeine, artificial colors, sweeteners and preservatives in the beverages were calculated. Maximum food additives consumed (mg/day/kg b.w.) values of food additives were calculated according to body weight. To establish the relationship between ADHD and beverage consumption, logistic regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Children with ADHD consumed more fruit juice, carbonated beverages, flavored beverages, sugary milk, sugar, caffeine, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate compared to their healthy peers (p &lt; 0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that drinking fruit juice, sugary milk, carbonated beverages, and flavored drinks was significantly associated with ADHD (p &lt; 0.01). CONCLUSION: The consumption of sweetened beverages containing sugar, caffeine, and food additives could potentially effect children’s behavior.

Association of secondhand smoke exposure and health-related lifestyle behaviors among male university employees in Japan

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes various health problems associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. However, the lifestyles of individuals exposed to SHS have not been characterized extensively. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between SHS exposure and lifestyle behaviors. The participants were 2379 healthy male employees at Osaka University who underwent health examinations. Physical and biochemical parameters and lifestyle behavior data were obtained from all the participants. Participants with SHS exposure had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, and serum levels of triglycerides and uric acid than that of those without SHS exposure. SHS exposure was significantly correlated with several lifestyle behaviors, including TV time, frequency of breakfast consumption and fried food consumption, vegetable and fruit intake, alcohol consumption frequency and daily alcohol intake, and smoking status. Thus, SHS exposure may be associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. The lifestyle behaviors of the smoke-excluded population were assessed further; however, SHS exposure was still associated with dietary and drinking habits. Since participants with SHS exposure are likely to have an unhealthy life and combined unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, the confounding effect of these factors should be considered when assessing the impact of SHS exposure on health.

COVID‐19 pandemic, farming households' food and nutrition security, and response strategies in Ghana, West Africa

AbstractWe explored the association between COVID‐19 disruptions and food and nutrition security, including the various coping strategies adopted by farming households in Ghana. The different COVID‐19 shocks experienced and coping strategies implemented by farming households are identified through focus group discussions. A multistage random sampling method was used to survey 252 farming households, and data were analyzed using different regression techniques. We observe no significant differences in the food and nutrition security status of male‐ and female‐headed households, while the COVID‐19 disruptions affected male‐headed households more than female‐headed households. Our data shows a higher vulnerability of urban households to food and nutrition insecurity than rural households, with the COVID‐19 disruptions affecting urban households more than rural households. We find that the COVID‐19 disruptions pushed households to reduce their frequency of food consumption, consume less diverse diets, and hinder their adoption of coping strategies. Hence, responses that aim to strengthen farming households' frequency of consumption of essential food groups and access to nutritional and healthy diets are crucial to either help maintain or improve farming households' food and nutrition security during shocks such as COVID‐19 in Ghana.

ПИТАНИЕ КАК ФАКТОР РИСКА СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ (ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ PURE В СИБИРИ)

Introduction. Over the past 50 years, epidemiological studies have actively studied the effect of nutrition on the cardiovascular system. Large-scale studies have confirmed the role of nutrition in terms of global reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease. It has been established that a rational diet reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular pathology by influencing cardiovascular risk factors. Purpose: to assess the qualitative composition of dietary stereotypes of Siberian residents and its role in the development of the main factors of cardiovascular risk. Material and methods. To analyze the daily diet, respondents were examined in the framework of the international study PURE, aged 35-70 years (n=353). A questionnaire was used for a semi-quantitative assessment of the frequency of food consumption by the adult population with further use of the own computer program “Assessment of the relationship between nutritional characteristics and its nutritional value and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors among the urban and rural population” (RU 2019662710). Factor analysis identified three stereotypes of eating behavior: the first included the consumption of thermally processed and unprocessed vegetables, in season and throughout the year, as well as fruits throughout the year; the second - the consumption of non-dietary meat, complex carbohydrates and sweets, the third included persons who were not defined by the previous two stereotypes. Results. The first stereotype was associated with an increased risk of developing hypertriglyceridemia (OR=1.44, at 95% CI: 1.0-2.0, p=0.029) and obesity (OR=1.9, at 95% CI: 1.4- 2.5, p&lt;0.001). Adherence to the second - with a reduced risk of developing a low level of HDL (OR = 0.58, at 95% CI: 0.4-0.8, p = 0.001), a high level of LDL (OR = 0.58, at 95% CI : 0.38-0.9, p=0.015), hypertriglyceridemia (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.4-0.7, p&lt;0.001), hypercholesterolemia (OR=0.63, 95% CI : 0.44-0.9, p=0.013), obesity (OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.4-0.8, p=0.002). In a qualitative analysis of the components of the selected stereotypes, it was determined that an excess amount of protein (more than 0.6-0.83 g/kg of body weight) was consumed by 55.5% of persons who followed the second nutritional stereotype, 42.7% - the third and 39.8 % - the first (p=0.052). Excess fat (more than 70-15 g/day for men and 60-102 g/day for women) was consumed by 100% of persons with the first and second stereotypes and 97.7% with the third (p=0.163). An excessive amount of carbohydrates (more than 257-586 g/day) was noted in 1.0% of respondents with the second stereotype and 1.5% with the third. Persons with the first nutritional stereotype did not show excessive consumption of carbohydrates (p=0.674). When conducting a logistic regression analysis, it was found that excess protein in the diet of Siberian residents was associated with a decrease in the risk of developing arterial hypertension (OR=0.6, CI:0.3-1.1, p=0.113) and high levels of low-density lipoproteins (OR=0.5, CI:0.3-0.98, p=0.447), but not statistically significant, as well as diabetes mellitus (OR=0.59, CI:0.3-0.99, p=0.044 ) and obesity (OR=0.4, CI:0.2-0.6, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions. Despite generally accepted international recommendations, the first dietary stereotype was associated with the development of hypertriglyceridemia and obesity, in contrast to the second stereotype (which was associated with a reduced risk of dyslipidemia and obesity). In addition, excess protein intake was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes and obesity, which is contrary to WHO recommendations for healthy eating. Taking into account the results obtained, it is necessary to continue studying the nutritional habits of the inhabitants of Siberia in order to modernize the principles of healthy nutrition.

The Relationship of Mental Health Continuum with Hedonic Hunger and Dietary Habits in Adults

Purpose: Research on mental health emphasizes that psychological state has an effect on eating behavior. These studies suggest that there may be a relationship between mental health continuum and hedonic hunger. This study aimed to examine the relationship between adults’ mental health continuity and hedonic hunger. Method: Participants were 387 adults (65 men and 322 women) without any mental illness. Data was collected by the researcher using the snowball sampling model, via Google Forms. A general questionnaire, food consumption frequency form, Mental Health Continuum Short-Form (MHC-SF) and Power of Food Scale (PFS) were administered. Results: 56.1% of the participants were in normal mental health and 36.4% in well-being. MHC-SF total and sub-factor scores of the participants who did regular physical activity were significantly higher (p&amp;lt;0.05). The PFS total score was higher in women than men. There was a negative, weak, and statistically significant correlation between participants' MHC-SF and PFS total scores (p&amp;lt;0.05). There was a positive, weak and statistically significant correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and PFS total scores. There was a positive, weak and statistically significant correlation between PFS score, body weight and BMI. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between all PSF total and sub-factor scores and the frequency of fast-food and chips consumption (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: Hedonic hunger increased as the mental health continuum decreased. It was determined that the continuity of mental health was higher in individuals who do regular physical activity and in men. As hedonic hunger increased, the frequency of consumption of chips and fast-food products increased.

Evaluation of food insecurity and its association with food consumption and some variables among college students

BackgroundStudents are an important group threatened by food insecurity. Food insecurity among college students is one of the research topics that is attracting attention worldwide, and interest in this topic is growing by the day. Food insecurity has a negative impact on students' biological, mental and social health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and correlate it with frequency of food consumption and some variables among undergraduate students.MethodsThis descriptive-analytical study was conducted with 1149 university students at Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. The demographic characteristics of the individuals (gender, age, living situation, income status, and health information), anthropometric measurements (body weight and height), nutritional habits, frequency of food consumption, and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) were questioned. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for statistical analyses.ResultsIt was found that 13.1% of the students have mild, 13.0% moderate, and 9.4% severe food insecurity. The rate of individuals with and without food security differs according to gender, living situation, and income status (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant correlations between the food insecurity score and age (p = 0.047), the number of main meals (p < 0.001) and snacks (0.007), and consumption frequency of certain foods (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalance of students facing food insecurity was high. Individuals with food insecurity have a lower frequency of healthy food consumption than individuals with food security. Steps should be taken to ensure nutritional security among undergraduate students, who are the young adult population.

YETİŞKİNLERDE KÜMÜLATİF DİYET KARYOJENİTESİ VE DİŞ ÇÜRÜKLERİ

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the total cariogenic load of diet and its effect on dental caries in adults.&#x0D; Method: Patients aged 19-65 years (n=506) who applied for dental treatment were included in the study. A questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, a food consumption frequency questionnaire, and a decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index calculation were used to collect the data. The data were evaluated using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) and Jamovi 2.3 package program and the level of significance was accepted as p

Occurrence and dietary intake of dioxins, furans (PCDD/Fs), PCBs, and flame retardants (PBDEs and HBCDDs) in baby food and infant formula

This study determines the levels of 49 persistent organic pollutants which were grouped into polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs), in infant formula and varieties of baby food. The analyzed samples (n = 80) came from stores all over Poland.The presence of PCDD/F, PCDD/F/PCB and non dioxin-like (ndl)-PCB congeners above the maximum levels stipulated in Commission Regulation (EU) No 1259/2011 was not detected in any sample. The determined average content of PCDD/Fs/dl-PCBs in the tested baby foods was in the range of 4–10 % of the maximum level, and content of ndl-PCBs was in the range of 2–6 % of the maximum level. Despite these low levels of dioxins, furans, and PCBs, a risk analysis assuming weekly consumption of the recommended food intake showed exceedances of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI).The content of flame retardants was low in all examined categories of food for children and infant formula. The lower-bound concentration of the sum of HBCDD isomers (LB ∑HBCDDs) ranged from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 0.0313 ng/g w.w. and the concentration of ∑PBDEs was in a 0.001–1.014 ng/g w.w. range. Neither infant formula nor baby food contributed considerably to infant exposure to HBCDDs or PBDEs.Our research indicates that the safe exposure thresholds for dioxins and PCBs in foods for infants and young children may be too high and perhaps it may be necessary to amend the legislation setting acceptable limits for baby food. It seems reasonable to introduce a recommendation on the frequency of food consumption for children and the control of raw materials for food production, in particular fish and cow milk, should be a permanent control point in the food safety assurance system.

Preference for and consumption of traditional and fast foods among adolescents in Indonesia

This study aimed to examine the preference for and consumption of traditional and fast foods among adolescents in Indonesia and their relationship to social, economic, demographic, and regional factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted online in six provinces in Java and Bali (JB) and nine provinces outside Java and Bali (OJB), involving 4,500 junior high school, high school and university students. Questionnaire items that have been tested included personal and family information, food preferences (three Likert scales), frequency of food consumption (never, ≤ 1/month, 2-3 times/month, and ≥4 times/ month) for about 10–20 types of traditional food and 17 types of fast food that varies among the provinces. The t-test was applied to analyze the differences in scores and frequency of food consumption in Java and Bali (JB) and the provinces outside Java and Bali (OJB). Logistic regression was employed to discover factors that contributed to the frequency of consumption of traditional food and fast food. In the provinces outside Java and Bali, traditional foods—especially groups of food made with cereals, vegetables, seafood, bean and legumes, and traditional snacks—are preferred and consumed over fast food. In Java and Bali, fast food is preferred over traditional food. However, some food groups such as cereals, vegetables and seafood are consumed more in the form of traditional food and snacks. The results showed that in Java and Bali, most adolescents preferred fast food to traditional food (P&lt;0.05). Although fast food was preferred, adolescents in Java and Bali more than often consumed traditional foods made with cereals, vegetables, seafood, beans and legumes, and traditional snacks; because traditional food is more affordable (P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, in provinces outside Java and Bali, adolescents generally prefer traditional food to fast food. This is in line with the frequency of consumption of traditional food which was also higher than that of fast food from most food groups (P&lt;0.05). Consumption of traditional food and fast food is influenced by several social, economic, and demographic factors such as gender, place of residence, educational level of the adolescents, parental occupation and income, as well as online food purchase habits (P&lt;0.05).

Association of fecal zonulin and calprotectin levels with cardiovascular risk factors and target organ damage in a sample of patients with metabolic disorders

Surrogate markers quantifying the severity of intestinal inflammation (fecal calprotectin) and permeability (fecal zonulin) are currently considered nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors.Aim. To study the associations of fecal zonulin and calprotectin levels with cardiovascular risk factors and target organ damage among participants with metabolic disorders from a population sample of St. Petersburg residents aged 35-75 years.Material and methods. In-depth phenotyping was performed on patients from a cohort of St. Petersburg residents metabolic disorders (overweight, hyperglycemia) invited for reexamination as part of the ESSE-RF epidemiological study. All patients underwent a questionnaire examination (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, stress, anxiety and depression, assessment of digestive system complaints, frequency of food consumption). In addition, blood pressure and pulse measurements, anthropometry, biochemical and hormonal blood tests, echocardiography, applanation tonometry, volume sphygmography, duplex carotid scanning, and determination of fecal zonulin and calprotectin levels were carried out.Results. The examined cohort (n=86; mean age, 56 [44,7;63,5] years; men, 49,5%) was characterized by a high prevalence of abdominal obesity (80,2%), dyslipidemia (low-density lipoproteins &gt;3 mmol/l — 76,7%, triglycerides ³1,7 mmol/l — 43%, total cholesterol &gt;4,9 mmol/l — 77,9%) and insulin resistance (64%) with slight sex differences. An increase in calprotectin occurs in 23,3% of patients, zonulin — in 30,3%, while an increase in calprotectin and/or zonulin occurs in almost half of those examined (47,7%). Fecal calprotectin levels are associated with indicators of dyslipidemia, obesity, inflammation and atherosclerotic vascular disease, as well as dietary patterns and socioeconomic indicators. Zonulin levels are associated with N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide levels and the presence of vitamin D deficiency, gallbladder disease, and dietary patterns.Conclusion. Increase of at least one marker of intestinal permeability and inflammation occur in approximately half of the participants with metabolic disorders from a population sample of St. Petersburg residents. In addition to the association of calprotectin and zonulin with metabolic risk factors and dietary patterns, calprotectin levels were associated with atherosclerotic changes in the carotid arteries.

Food consumption frequency in schoolaged adolescents and its cardiovascular risk association

Childhood and adolescence are the life stages where eating habits related to the development of cardiovascular risk factors are usually established. To classify cardiovascular risk in school adolescents from Villavicencio (Colombia) and, additionally, to estimate its association with food intake frequency according to food kind. This is an analytical cross-sectional study developed in 1,504 adolescents of 13 to 17 years of age schooling in Villavicencio. We evaluated the cardiovascular risk according to the model proposed by Rodríguez-Soriano and Sanjurjo, and the food intake frequency with a structured survey. We used a binomial regression model to estimate the relationship between cardiovascular risk and food intake frequency. The mean age of the participants was 14.9 ± 0,07 years; 61.9% were women, and 80.6% came from schools located in urban areas. According to the cardiovascular risk classification, 34.5% of adolescents had a high cardiovascular risk, while 25.4% had intermediate risk. Men and those who consume more than two sugary drinks per day are those who presented a higher percentage of high cardiovascular risk (48.6% and 36.9%, respectively). Regression models showed that consumption of more than one sugary drink per day was associated with high levels of cardiovascular risk in adolescents (OR 1.27 95%CI 1.04-1.55). A high proportion of adolescents have medium and high cardiovascular risk; additionally, the consumption ofsugary drinks showed its association with cardiovascular risk.

Nutritional, health and socio-demographic determinants of anaemia in adolescent girls in Kumbungu District, Ghana

BackgroundAnaemia is a serious health problem among adolescent girls in Ghana. The aims of this study were to measure the prevalence and identify the nutritional, health, and socio-demographic determinants of anaemia in adolescent girls in Kumbungu District, Northern Region, Ghana.MethodAn analytical cross-sectional study involving 370 adolescent girls residing in Kumbungu district, selected using multi-stage sampling procedure, was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire, 24-hr dietary recall, food frequency questionnaire, Food Insecurity Experience scale, and anthropometry were used to gather information on socio-demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary diversity score, food consumption score, food consumption frequency, household food insecurity, and waist and hip circumferences. Haemoglobin was measured using a portable HemoCue hg 301 + Analyzer. Anaemia in the adolescent girls was defined as haemoglobin concentration less than 12 g/dl. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the determinants of anaemia.ResultsThe mean (± SD) age was 13.95 (± 2.94) years, and the majority of the girls were in school (79.5%) and lived in a rural area (81.1%). The mean (± SD) haemoglobin was 11.27 (± 1.19) g/dl, and 74.6% of the respondents had anaemia, with 1.6% having severe anaemia. The health determinant of anaemia was frequency of feeling nervous in the past 6 months [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.12: 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.17–3.89; p: 0.014], and the socio-demographic determinants were residential community status (AOR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.24–0.75; p: 0.003), and fathers’ educational qualification (AOR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.17–5.65, p: 0.019). No nutritional determinants of anaemia were identified for this study population.ConclusionThe prevalence of anaemia was very high and the frequency of feeling nervous in the past 6 months, residential community status, and fathers’ educational qualification were associated with anaemia among adolescent girls in Kumbungu district, Ghana. The prevalence of anaemia measured highlights the need for intensification of anaemia prevention and management interventions in the district.