Frequency Of Food Consumption Research Articles

Lifestyle changes among older adults during and after COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania

The aim of this studyto analyze lifestyle changes among older adults during and after COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania, with a particular focus on eating habits, physical activity, social engagement and harmful habits.MethodsThe representative sample of Lithuanian population over 65 years old (1,503 individuals) was involved in the questionnaire survey, performed in January 2024.ResultsMost of the eating habits and the body weight of the older adults did not change during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania. Respondents noted that their physical activity decreased, face-to-face communication became rarer, while remote communication increased. During pandemic, the increased frequency of snacking was more often indicated by persons with lower than secondary education, working, receiving higher incomes, as well as increased snacking and body weight were more prevalent among younger, single or overweight persons; increased body weight during the pandemic was more often mentioned by the persons who assessed their health poorly. Physical activity decreased more often among rural residents and groups with higher or college education; face-to-face communication has become rarer among younger people, rural residents, pensioners, disabled, people with higher income and those with overweight, while remote communication has increased among women, respondents with a university education and those with an average income (p < 0.05). Nearly half of the respondents indicated that the changes in food consumption and smoking frequency that occurred during the pandemic remained after it. After the pandemic, the habits of consuming fast food, confectionery or other sweets and changes in body weight mostly remained, while the patterns of communication returned to the pre-pandemic level. Most of the healthy lifestyle habits formed during the pandemic persisted after the pandemic. The lifestyle habits formed during the pandemic remained more stable in the groups of older persons, residents of smaller towns, respondents with lower than secondary education, higher income, singles, disabled, obese, and those who assessed their health poorly (p < 0.05).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania, there were various changes in eating habits, physical activity, communication patterns, and harmful habits. Certain habits formed during the pandemic continued afterward, particularly among specific groups of the older Lithuanian adults.

Organic Food Consumption Might Protect Against Sensitisation to Inhalant Allergens at School Age: The PARIS Cohort.

Interest has grown recently in childhood diet's role in allergy development. However, the studies focusing on organic food consumption are scarce. We address the relationships between such consumption and respiratory/allergic morbidity at school age in the PARIS (Pollution and asthma risk: An infant study) cohort. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire completed by the parents at 8 years. Dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis based on the consumption frequency of 30 foods (either organic or conventional) and 19 organic foods. Associations between dietary patterns and respiratory/allergic morbidity (asthma, rhinitis, eczema and sensitisation) were studied using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders, including family socioeconomic status and adherence to the Mediterranean diet as a proxy for dietary balance. Among 1258 children, three dietary patterns were identified, which differed significantly in terms of organic food consumption frequency: low frequency in G0 (51% of children), moderate in G1 (28%) and high in G2 (21%). No association was found between dietary patterns and asthma, eczema, rhinitis or sensitisation to food allergens. Children in G2 had lower likelihood of sensitisation to any allergen than those in G0 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40-0.91), particularly to inhalant allergens (aOR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42-0.99). Our findings suggest that frequent organic food consumption may be protective against allergic sensitisation at school age, based on the assumption that organic food consumption at the age of eight reflects consumption at earlier ages. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms for this association, including nutritional and environmental exposures.

A long‐term study on food choices and nutritional goals of a leaf‐eating primate

AbstractEfficient foraging plays a critical role in fitness, yet food choices and underlying nutritional goals vary among animals. To understand those choices and therefore the importance of different food resources, many studies estimate food preferences by applying electivity indices that account for resource availabilities. However, the general applicability of electivity indices in biologically relevant foraging scenarios is unclear. Our major aims were to find effective methods to estimate animals' food choices and to investigate long‐term food choices and underlying nutritional goals of the red colobus monkey (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) in Kibale National Park, Uganda, an endangered folivore. We used simulations of different foraging conditions to evaluate the applicability of electivity indices in biologically relevant scenarios to help interpret our results. Then, we used long‐term data collected between 2006 and 2016 on the feeding behavior and ecology of red colobus to determine the consumption frequencies of different foods and their food preferences. Based on these results and nutritional concentrations of young leaves of frequently consumed tree species, we investigated the importance of the protein‐to‐fiber ratio in their diet. Our simulations highlight limitations of electivity indices in biologically relevant foraging scenarios. Further, red colobus clearly chose young leaves over other plant parts, and, considering species and plant part, red colobus fed on many different items, but few dominated their diet. The availability and spatial distribution varied across the most consumed foods, but red colobus preferences remained mostly stable over time. Protein‐to‐fiber ratio had no association with preference but with consumption frequencies of different young leaves. The limitations of electivity indices in different foraging conditions underline the importance of comparing food preferences with consumption frequencies to assess the importance of different food resources. Our results provide a robust understanding of the food choices and nutritional goals of a leaf‐eating animal that can ultimately be used for implementing more effective conservation measures by directing habitat protection or restoration efforts toward these resources.

Hubungan Kepatuhan Diet Dan Gaya Hidup Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Introduction: Frequent consumption of foods and drinks containing sugar and unhealthy lifestyles are an emergency problem for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, unhealthy lifestyles and irregular diets cause disease complications resulting in frequent deaths. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between diet and lifestyle adherence to blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: Correlational research design using a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted for the period 1 November 2023 - 30 November 2023. The population in this study were patients diagnosed with T2DM at public health centers X and Y, in Kediri City. Sample measurements can use G Power with a power analysis effect size of 0.5, α err prob 0.05, power (0.95), and an increase in sample size of 20% to obtain a sample of 56 respondents. The sample selection technique was purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria, namely that the patient was willing to take part in the research until completion, the patient could read and write, and the patient was diagnosed with T2DM by a doctor at the public health centers X and Y, in Kediri City. The research statistical test used Spearmans Rho. Results: The relationship between diet and blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed that the majority of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had poor diet patterns and blood sugar levels ≥ 126, namely 64.3%. The results of the analysis of the relationship between diet and blood sugar levels also showed a p-value of 0.001 < 0.05. The relationship between lifestyle and blood sugar levels in T2DM showed that the majority had poor lifestyles and blood sugar levels ≥ 126, namely 67.9%. The results of the analysis of the relationship between lifestyle and blood sugar levels also showed a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: There is a relationship between diet and lifestyle on blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Suggestion: In T2DM patients, avoid eating foods and snacks that contain high sugar, and high fat, and control portion sizes to manage blood sugar levels. Do regular physical activity, according to your abilities and doctor's recommendations. Walking, cycling, and other sports can be good choices for controlling blood sugar.

Moroccan eating habits during COVID-19 lockdown: a preliminary analysis

The present study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary habits. Data were collected from an online survey (n = 171, out of 315 initial respondents) during the lockdown period from April to June 2020. The questionnaire was provided in Arabic, French, and English language and divided into five sections: sociodemographic and socioeconomic information, eating motivations, food consumption frequency, food-related behaviors, and purchase priorities. The results showed that health and pleasure were the primary perceived changes in eating motivations caused by the pandemic. The results of cluster analysis exhibited that individuals from cluster 1 with “Good Habits” had not changed their consumption frequency of food during the lockdown. In contrast, cluster 2 with “Bad Habits” showed higher consumption of salty snacks, chocolates, cakes, cookies, and processed foods (p < 0.001) than the period before the pandemic. On the other hand, the priority to purchase frozen vegetables, chocolates, and canned beans and legumes was observed to increase in cluster 2 during the lockdown period (p = 0.02, p = 0.005, and p = 0.001, respectively). The COVID-19 pandemic had a discernible impact on Moroccan dietary habits, emphasizing the need to fully understand the long-term effects. The observed changes highlight the importance of promoting healthy eating habits, especially during times of crisis. By analyzing the shifts in food consumption and the underlying motivations, policymakers can develop targeted interventions to support healthier dietary choices among the Moroccan population, contributing to improved public health outcomes.

Dynamics of society, food availability and consumption: Underlying evidence from selected smallholders in South Africa

The study examined the dynamics of society, food availability and consumption, a call for the promotion of health of community dwellers in South Africa. Food availability and dietary intake were discussed in terms of food groups available in society. The study group was selected through random sampling and before data collection, a pre-test of the questionnaire was carried out with the help of 15 enumerators who were trained for the purpose of this study. Structured questionnaires employed were divided into sections as follows: i) the socio-economic, demographic information and farm-level characteristics of respondents, ii) various food items and sources, iii) dietary and food consumption patterns. The food consumption frequency was captured through 7-day recall pattern suggested by World Food Programme (WFP) of the United Nations, commonly referred to as Food Consumption Score (FCS). Findings indicate that there was a high intake of cereals and tubers amongst men in the two villages (Mzinti and Kabokweni). Fulfilling the WFP principles, FCS was re-grouped into two clusters: poor, borderline as ‘Acceptable’ (1) and ‘Unacceptable’ (0). The outcome variable, FCS, was grouped as a dichotomous variable, categorized as ‘Acceptable’ with assigned value of 1 and ‘Unacceptable’ assigned 0. The determinants of food consumption were specified, using logistic regression. Overall, males (24%) had more energy intake (cereals and tuber) in Mzinti as compared to females (21%). However, results reveal that fruits and pulses were the least commonly consumed food groups over a 7-day recall period for Kabokweni and Mzinti. The findings also reveal that 60.97% of respondents in Kabokweni and 64.96% in Mzinti were within the acceptable food consumption score. The following variables: age (p &lt; 0.022), level of education (p &lt; 0.006 and p &lt; 0.039), household size, (p &lt; 0.007), extension services (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.028), and farm experience (p &lt;.018**) were positively and significantly associated with FCS. Food insecurity impacts directly on physical, economic and mental health of people and understanding the food security status of communities is vital for planning. Additionally, the study underscores the relevance of obtaining necessary statistics for dietary diversity of households to support government policy making. An evolving and innovative policy direction is proposed for exploring the dynamics of integrating food security into government health programmes. Key words: Smallholders, food insecurity, food consumption score, South Africa

“Consumers’ Preferences Toward Farmed Salmon in China: Integrating Sensory and Choice Experiments”

ABSTRACTChina's growing demand for farmed salmon is apparent, with the country importing 190 thousand tonnes valued at over $1.12 billion in 2023. In response, the Chinese government allowed rainbow trout to be labelled and sold as salmon starting in 2018, bridging the gap between domestically produced trout and imported Atlantic salmon. This study aimed to explore how country‐of‐origin information influences Chinese consumers' sensory perceptions and willingness to pay (WTP) for salmon. Using a within‐subject design with two evaluation rounds (blind and informed) we combined hedonic liking where Chinese consumers rated three salmon samples (from Norway, Chile, and China) with a discrete choice experiment. The results indicated that under the blind taste test, Chinese consumers found no significant difference in sensory preference between domestic rainbow trout and imported Atlantic salmon from Norway and Chile. However, when informed of the product origins, consumer preferences shifted in favor of Norwegian and Chilean Atlantic salmon. Furthermore, consumers' WTP for salmon was unaffected by the country of production unless provenance was disclosed, at which point the origin significantly influenced their preferences. Ecolabels, price, overall liking, education, frequency of aquatic food consumption, and prior experience with salmon were also found to impact WTP for salmon. These insights offer valuable insights for salmon producers/importers/marketers to customize their approaches in response to consumer preferences, refine product positioning, and seize upon opportunities within the competitive salmon market in China.

Association of ability to rank sweet and fat taste intensities with sweet and fat food propensity ratios of children, adolescents and adults: the I.Family study

PurposeIt is assumed that sensory taste perception shapes food choices and impacts dietary intake. However, this has rarely been studied in free living subjects of different age-groups with standardised methods. The present study investigated the association of the ability to rank sweet and fat taste intensities with consumption frequency of sweet and fatty foods in children, adolescents and adults from eight European countries.MethodsIn total, 461 children, 421 adolescents and 612 adults from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort participated in sensory sweet and fat intensity rating tests. Sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The association between the ability to rank sweet and fat intensity with sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies was estimated using linear mixed regression models adjusting for weight status, country, sex, age and family affiliation.ResultsAcross all age groups, the largest proportion of participants had medium sweet and fat taste intensity ranking abilities. The next largest proportion had low sweet and fat taste intensity rating abilities, while the smallest proportion had high intensity rating abilities to sweet and fat taste. A negative association of sweet and fat taste intensity ranking ability with sweet and fatty food consumption frequencies was found for children. In adolescents, the association was positive. In adults, there was no association.ConclusionIt seems that the association of taste intensity ratings with food consumption frequencies during adolescence differs from the associations in children and adults. This could be due to hormonal changes during puberty, growth and maturation. Thus, further research focussing on maturation processes in association with taste perception during adolescence may be required.

Factors Affecting Consumption Patterns of Neglected and Underutilized Species in Atacora, Northern Benin.

Many recent efforts focus on promoting neglected and underutilized species (NUS) for improved nutrition, but consumption depends on various factors. With this in mind, this study aims to understand the factors associated with the consumption patterns of Adansonia digitata, Ocimum gratissimum, Vigna radiata, and Moringa oleifera by households in Atacora, northern Benin. To achieve this, a food consumption survey was carried out in 3 communes. Two villages per commune were randomly selected to carry out the food consumption frequencies of households through a 7-day recall for periods of abundance and scarcity. A multinomial regression model was used to explain the consumption frequency of species depending on socio-demographic factors and seasonality. Different parts of these different species targeted were used in various forms to prepare sauces, porridges, juices, etc. Baobab- and moringa-based foods appeared to be the most widely consumed foods, regardless of the season. Even though fresh moringa leaves sauce and baobab seeds sauce were consumed mostly in periods of scarcity. The probability of rarely consuming foods made from these species was lower for households living in Toucoutouna and Tanguiéta compared to Natitingou. Furthermore, the consumption of these foods was usually higher for mothers who were students, hairdressers or seamstresses compared to housewives (P < 0.05). The consumption patterns then vary from species to species and are influenced by demographic factors such as household location and mother's occupation. Promoting NUS among the population is essential to increase awareness of their nutritional importance and improve their consumption. Factors Affecting Consumption of Neglected and Underutilized Species in Atacora, Northern Benin.

Adapted Taekwondo Improves Postural Balance and Health-Related Quality of Life Concerning Multicomponent Training and Walking Exercise in Older Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial (TKD and Aging Project).

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to assess and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo (TKD) program, multicomponent training (MCT), walking exercise (WE), and inactive control group (CG) on blood pressure, morphological variables, frequency of food consumption, cognitive status, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical fitness tests, and postural balance in independent older females. Methods: A randomized controlled trial study was conducted with the following groups: TKD (n = 13), MCT (n = 12), WE (n = 12), and CG (n = 14), considering three/weekly 60-min/sessions for 16-weeks. A two-factor mixed analysis of the variance model with repeated measures was performed. Results: TKD improved significantly more in phonetic fluency (p = 0.021; ES = 1.89) than WE and in general health (p = 0.033; ES = 1.11) than CG. Both TKD and MCT improved significantly more than CG in the 30 s chair stand, arm curl, chair sit-and-reach, timed up-and-go, maximal isometric handgrip strength, and postural balance for the eyes closed condition in the area and anteroposterior velocity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Only TKD improved the area (p = 0.008; ES = 1.00) and mediolateral velocity (p = 0.019; ES = 0.79) for the eyes open condition, and mediolateral velocity (p = 0.021; ES = 1.57) for the eyes closed condition. Blood pressure, morphological variables, and food consumption frequency showed no significant intragroup or intergroup interactions. TKD equivalently improved HRQoL and physical fitness to MCT, with better postural balance in older females.

Predisposition to eating disorders in rural adolescents

Background. The issues of eating disorders among adolescents are currently becoming increasingly relevant. Eating disorders have an impact on a person’s mental and physical health. The aim. To identify the relationship between dietary habits and predisposition to eating disorders among rural schoolchildren.Materials and methods. The study involved 106 adolescents aged 14–17 living in rural areas of the Irkutsk region. The assessment of individual actual nutrition was assessed using the method of “Analysis of the frequency of food intake”. To assess the risk of eating disorders, an Eating Disorder Inventory was used.Results. The results of the study showed that eating disorders were detected both in boys and girls. Girls are less likely to consume meat and dairy products. Boys skipped breakfast more often. When analyzing correlations between scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory and the frequency of food consumption, a direct moderate relationship was revealed only in boys on the subscale “Drive for thinness” with rare consumption of chocolate and ice cream. Skipping breakfast for both boys and girls is associated with high scores on the subscales “Drive for thinness” and “Body dissatisfaction”, in addition, skipping dinners for girls is associated with the “Bulimia” subscale.Conclusion. The prerequisites for the formation of eating disorders have been identified in both boys and girls. Eating disorders among adolescents is a complex problem that requires a comprehensive approach from society, healthcare institutions, educators and parents.

Microplastics in stools and their influencing factors among young adults from three cities in China: A multicenter cross-sectional study

The mass concentration of microplastics in stools and influencing factors remain unclear. The aim was to investigate the types and mass concentrations of microplastics in the stools of young college students and to explore potential influencing factors. Twenty-six participants were recruited from colleges in each city using stratified simple sampling, including Changsha, Shanghai, and Changchun. Participants’ dietary and fluid intake behavior was recorded using the 3-day 24-h dietary questionnaire and the 7-day 24-h fluid intake record, respectively. Lifestyle factor information related to microplastic exposure was collected through a microplastic exposure questionnaire. Stools were collected and detected using pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS) method. Eventually, 78 participants completed the study. The detection rate of microplastics, including polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), in stools was 98.7%, with a total mass concentration of 54.7 (10.1–102.7) μg/g. There were differences in the total mass concentrations of microplastics in the stools of participants in three cities, namely Changsha, Shanghai, and Changchun, which decreased sequentially (χ2 = 47.819, P < 0.05). Participants with a relatively high frequency of takeaway food consumption had higher total mass concentrations of microplastics mass concentrations in stools (χ2 = 7.390, P < 0.05). Participants with a relatively high frequency of consuming reheated food had a greater mass concentration of PET microplastics (χ2 = 6.117, P < 0.05). The total mass concentration of microplastics, as well as the mass concentrations of PE, PVC, PP, and PA66, in the bottled water intake group were greater than those in the nonintake group (all P < 0.05). Overall, the total mass concentration of microplastics in stools was related to residential city, consumption of reheated food, and bottled water intake (all P < 0.05). Young college students generally experience microplastic exposure, with the main types being PE, PVC, PS, PP, PET, and PA66. Living location, reheated food consumption, and bottled water intake were factors influencing microplastic exposure.

Associations between Multiple Food Consumption Frequencies and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in High Cardiac Risk Subjects.

Dietary choices are inextricably linked to the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), whereas an optimal dietary pattern to minimize CVD morbidity in high-risk subjects remains challenging. We comprehensively assessed the relationship between food consumption frequencies and CVD in 28,979 high-risk subjects. The outcome was defined as the composite of the incidence of major CVD events, including coronary heart disease and stroke. Risk factors associated with CVD were screened through a shrinkage approach, specifically least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Hazard ratios (HRs) for various dietary consumption frequencies were assessed using multivariable Cox frailty models with random intercepts. Increased egg and seafood consumption were associated with a lower risk of CVD (daily vs little, HR 1.70, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.79-3.64, p trend = 0.0073 and HR 1.86, 95% CI: 1.24-2.81, p trend = 0.024, respectively). 6 non-food (age, sex, smoke, location, heart ratio, and systolic blood pressure) and 3 food (fruit, egg, and seafood) related risk factors were included in the nomogram to predict 3 and 5-year incidence of CVD. The concordance indexes of the training and validation cohorts were 0.733 (95% CI: 0.725-0.741) and 0.705 (95% CI: 0.693-0.717), respectively. The nomogram was validated using the calibration and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, demonstrating respectable accuracy and discrimination. Guided by the concept of "food as medicine", this nomogram could provide dietary guidance and prognostic prediction for high cardiac risk subjects in CVD prevention.

Harmonizing Dietary Exposure of Adult and Older Individuals: A Methodological Work of the Collaborative PROMED-COG Pooled Cohorts Study.

Objectives: The PROtein-enriched MEDiterranean diet to combat undernutrition and promote healthy neuroCOGnitive ageing in older adults (PROMED-COG) is a European project that investigates the role of nutritional status on neurocognitive ageing. This methodological paper describes the harmonization process of dietary data from four Italian observational studies (Pro.V.A., ILSA, BEST-FU, and NutBrain). Methods: Portion sizes and food frequency consumption within different food frequency questionnaires were retrospectively harmonized across the datasets on daily food frequency, initially analyzing raw data using the original codebook and establishing a uniform food categorization system. Individual foods were then aggregated into 27 common food groups. Results: The pooled cohort consisted of 9326 individuals (40-101 years, 52.4% female). BEST-FU recruited younger participants who were more often smokers and less physically active than those of the other studies. Dietary instruments varied across the studies differing in the number of items and time intervals assessed, but all collected dietary intake through face-to-face interviews with a common subset of items. The average daily intakes of the 27 food groups across studies varied, with BEST-FU participants generally consuming more fruits, vegetables, red meat, and fish than the other studies. Conclusions: Harmonization of dietary data presents challenges but allows for the integration of information from diverse studies, leading to a more robust and statistically powerful dataset. The study highlights the feasibility and benefits of data harmonization, despite inherent limitations, and sets the stage for future research into the effects of diet on cognitive health and aging.

Adverse childhood experiences and diet quality in the national sample of Poles: The mediating role of emotion regulation

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk of adverse psychological and physical outcomes and chronic disease in adulthood. The mechanism of this relationship is still unclear. ACEs might exert their negative influence on adult health via both dietary and psychological axes. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between ACEs and diet quality in the national sample of Poles. We also aimed to determine whether difficulty in regulating emotions act as a mediator of this relationship. The national Polish sample of adults (n = 3557) took part in this study. ACEs were assessed via the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. Data on food consumption frequency over the past year, body weight and height were collected using the self-administered version of the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN®). Two diet quality scores were evaluated: Pro-Healthy-Diet-Index-10 (pHDI) and Non-Healthy-Diet-Index-14 (nHDI). Emotion regulation (ER) was evaluated via the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Path analysis was used to examine the associations between the variables, firstly formulated by theoretical assumptions expressed by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). A higher number of ACEs was related to higher difficulties in ER in adults (p < 0.001), which in turn was related to lower pHDI (p < 0.001) and higher nHDI (p = 0.027). Our findings strengthen the rationale for ACEs screening as a potential risk factor for diet-related chronic disease in adulthood. They provide a framework for public health prevention strategies via interventions targeting diet quality and emotional regulation in the setting of multidisciplinary practice.

Consumption of fish and seafood in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to nutritional status in Copiapó (Chile)

Chile has the third highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus America, with 12.7% of the population aged 20-79 years, whose 90% have type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)(1). Diet plays an important role in the management of this disease(2). According to the 2016-17 National Health Survey in Chile, only 9.2% of the population consume fish and seafood (9.5% women and 8.8% men)(3). However, no studies have investigated the frequency of fish and seafood consumption in T2DM population from Chile, or whether consumption differs between normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects. This study aims to compare the frequency of fish and seafood consumption in normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects with T2DM in primary health care centres (PHCC) in CopiapóChile.A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with T2DM, of both sexes, aged 3065 years, from the CODIACO cohort, recruited in PHCCs, during 2023. Pregnant and lactating women, diabetic neuropathy or nephropathy, cancer, and severe inflammatory or infectious diseases patients were excluded. Participants were administered a food consumption frequency questionnaire (never/rarely, occasionally and usually) of oily and white fish, and seafood. The nutritional status (normal-weight, overweight, and obese) was defined based on WHO criteria(4). The results on the frequency of food consumption were expressed as percentages and the age of the participants as mean and standard deviation. Chi-square test was used to study the relationship between the frequency of fish and seafood consumption and nutritional status. A Pvalue less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The CODIACO project was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the Universidad de Atacama. Project funded by FONDECYT N°11180794.The mean age of the 153 participants, 106 women and 47 men, was 55.45 ± 7.56 years. Of the participants 9.8% were normal-weight, 32.0% were overweight and 58.2% were obese. Those who reported an usually consumption of oily fish according normal-weight (53.3%), overweight (28.6%) and obese patients (29.2%), were significant (P = 0.021). From the total number of subjects who never/rarely consumed oily fish, 2.2 % were normal-weight, 26.1% were overweight and 71.7% were obese. Regarding white fish, it was usually consumed by 46.7% of normal-weight, 32.7% of overweight and 29.2% of obese patients, but not significant (P = 0.059). Furthermore, white fish was never/rarely consumed by 5.1% of normal-weight, 23.1% of overweight and 71.8 % of obese subjects. Finally, seafood consumption reported was not significant (P = 0.571). Those who declare a never/rarely seafood consumption, 6.0% had a normal-weight, 30% were overweight and 64% were obese subjects.The results suggest that obese patients with T2DM in the PHCCs of Copiapó consume significantly less fish, especially oily fish, than normal-weight and overweight diabetic patients. A better oily fish consumption could be a protector factor to prevent obsesity in T2DM.

Food consumption frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus users from primary health care centres of Copiapo (Chile)

Currently, diabetes mellitus is a major health problem affecting 12.7% of people between ages 20 and 79 years in Chile, 90-95% of whom have type 2 diabetes mellitus(1). Diet is a cornerstone in the management of this pathology(2). Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the food consumption frequency in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and users of primary health care centres in Copiapo (Chile).A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 participants of the control of diabetes cohort (CODIACO) study in 2023. Women and men from 30 to 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus and users of primary health care centres of Copiapo were selected for the investigation. Pregnant and lactating women, and patients with diabetic neuropathy/nephropathy, cancer, and severe infectious or inflammatory diseases were excluded. It was administered a questionnaire about the frequency of consumption of certain food groups (fresh fruits; raw, cooked, precooked and frozen vegetables; nuts; legumes; blue and white fish; seafood; red and white meats; viscera; sausages; sweet ultra-processed foods; water; juices; carbonated drinks; coffee and tea), recording the frequency with which they were consumed (never, seldom, occasionally and usually). The results were expressed as mean and standard deviation or percentages. The CODIACO study was approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the University de Atacama. The project was funded by FONDECYT (N° 11180794).The age of the 160 participants was 55.64 ± 7.48 years. Usual consumption of raw or cooked vegetables (80.0%), fresh fruit (71.3%), legumes (55.6%), and white meat (75.0%) was reported by the great majority of the individuals. To a lesser extent, nuts (36.3%), white fish (31.9%), blue fish (30.6%), and red meat (30.0%) were also widely consumed on a regular way in these subjects. In contrast, pre-cooked (66.9%), frozen vegetables (57.6%), seafood (55.0%), sausages (65.7%), offal (84.4%), juices (55.7%), carbonated beverages (65.0%) and coffee (57.2%) were seldom or never consumed, mostly.The results suggest relatively regular consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and white meats in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, users of primary health care centres in Copiapo (Chile). Otherwise, viscera, sausages, and precooked and frozen vegetables, as well as juices and carbonated beverages seem to be relatively little consumed in this population. Additional studies are required to know in depth the dietary habits of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the north of Chile.

Effectiveness of a Sugar Consumption Prevention Program in the First Year of Life on the Occurrence of Early Childhood Caries: A Multicentric Randomized Trial in Brazil

Plain Language SummaryTeeth with cavities, known as dental caries, are widespread, affecting more than half of children in most countries. These cavities can cause significant discomfort, disrupting the routine of children and their parents’ lives, leading to sleep problems and work absences. The primary cause of these cavities is the frequent consumption of foods and drinks with added sugar, a practice that is not recommended before the child reaches 2 years of age. To address this issue, our study investigated the effect of advising mothers about healthy feeding practices during the first year of the child’s life on preventing caries and reducing sugar consumption at 6 and 12 months. Our findings showed that the nutritional guidance reduced sugar consumption significantly after comparing groups of mothers who received nutritional advice with those who did not. Still, it was ineffective in preventing the occurrence of caries in the child’s first year of life.

Associations between temporal eating patterns and energy distribution patterns with gallstones: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2017–2018

BackgroundGallstones are strongly associated with eating occasion (EO) and energy distribution, but few studies have addressed this aspect. Therefore, we utilize the data from 2017 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore the association between temporal eating patterns and energy distribution patterns with the incidence of gallstones.MethodsOur study comprised participants who completed the NHANES dietary intake interview and self-reported health questionnaire at age 20 or older. The self-report method for gallstones (have you ever been told by a doctor) was used. We use the latent class analysis (LCA) identified temporal eating patterns, and identified energy distribution patterns through latent profile analysis (LPA). The association between temporal eating patterns, energy distribution patterns, and gallstones was examined using logistic regression modeling.ResultsThe study included a total of 4,692 participants. LCA identified four temporal eating patterns labeled as “Conventional,” “Early breakfast,” “Later breakfast,” and “Grazing.” Compared to the “Conventional” pattern, the “Early breakfast” pattern (OR 0.809, 95%CI 0.808–0.811) was associated with a reduced risk of gallstones, while the “Later breakfast” (OR 1.435, 95%CI 1.432–1.438) and “Grazing” (OR 1.147, 95%CI 1.145–1.148) patterns were associated with an increased risk of gallstones. LPA identified four energy distribution patterns labeled as “Guideline,” “High carbohydrates,” “Carbs-fat balance,” and “High fat.” The “High carbohydrates” pattern (OR 1.329, 95%CI 1.326–1.331) was associated with an increased risk of gallstones compared to the “Guideline” pattern. The “Carbs-fat balance” pattern (OR 0.877, 95%CI 0.876–0.879) and the “High fat” pattern (OR 0.848, 95%CI 0.846-0.850) were significantly and negatively associated with the risk of gallstones.ConclusionsTo summarize, inappropriate timing of eating and energy sources are associated with gallstones. As a dietary prevention measure for gallstones, we suggest adhering to a regular eating routine and avoiding overly casual and frequent food consumption. If the main EO routine occurs in the morning, this time should not exceed 9:00 a.m. Additionally, reducing carbohydrate intake and maintaining a moderate level of fat intake is believed to contribute to a lower risk of gallstones.

Dietary bisphenols exposure as an influencing factor of body mass index

BackgroundOver the past three decades, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity worldwide. The obesogen hypothesis suggests that certain external agents may affect pathways related to fat accumulation and energy balance by stimulating fat cell differentiation and proliferation. Previous research has indicated that exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and some of its analogues may influence fat accumulation by promoting the transformation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. This study aimed to assess the possible contribution of dietary bisphenol exposure to the odds of developing overweight and obesity in a sample of Spanish children according to sex.MethodsDietary and anthropometric data were collected from 179 controls and 124 cases schoolchildren aged 3–12 years. Dietary exposure to BPA and bisphenol S (BPS) was assessed using a food consumption frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to assess the influence of dietary exposure to bisphenols on overweight and obesity stratified by sex.ResultsFor females, cases had significantly higher exposure to BPA from meat and eggs compared to controls (median = 319.55, interquartile range (IQR) = 176.39–381.01 vs 231.79 (IQR) = 162.11–350.19, p-value = 0.046). Diet quality was higher for controls (6.21 (2.14) vs 4.80 (2.24) p < 0.001) among males independently of a high or low exposure to bisphenols. However, higher diet quality was observed for female controls with an high exposure of total bisphenols (6.79 (2.04) vs 5.33 (2.02) p = 0.031). Females exposed to high levels of BPA from meat and eggs had higher likelihood of being overweight and obese (adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.00 – 7.32). However, no consistent associations were found in males.ConclusionsHigh BPA levels from meat and eggs were positively associated with overweight and obesity in females. The dietary intake of BPA in the schoolchildren in the present study was much higher than the acceptable daily intake established by EFSA for the last year.