Food Consumption Expenditure Research Articles

Impact of improved common bean varieties on household food security on adopters in Tanzania

ABSTRACT This paper evaluates the impact of improved common bean varieties on food security using two indicators: per capita food consumption expenditure and dietary diversity score. A generalised propensity score matching technique and an instrumental variable approach were used to assess the impact of improved bean adoption on household food security outcomes. Results show that the effect of improved common bean adoption is generally positive and increases with area allocated for improved beans. The study also provides useful lessons for breeding programs targeting to achieve higher food security outcomes among land-constrained producers.

Impact Analysis of Row Planting Teff Crop Technology on Household Welfare:A Case Study of Smallholder Farmers of Duna District in Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia

Adoption of product increasing row planting agricultural technologies is a prerequisite for achieving agricultural growth and development, contributing towards improved rural household welfare. However, the link between row planting agricultural technology adoption and household welfare remains poorly understood due to lack of comprehensive measures of household welfare and the exclusive focus on measures such as crop yield and productivity outcomes. This study was designed to assess the adoption and impact of row planting of teff crop on smallholder farmer food consumption expenditure in Duna district using cross sectional survey data gathered in 2018/19 from a sample of 355 teff smallholder famers selected from six kebeles to represent major teff producers. Logit regression and propensity score matching (PSM) techniques were employed for data analysis. The results revealed that adoption of teff row planting technology had a significant positive impact on household welfare measured by higher annual crop yield as well as expenditures on food consumption. Logit regression results reveals that sex of household head, education of household head, family size of household head, holding of livestock, use of credit, extension services access and attending farmers’ training center were found to be important factors influencing farmers adoption decisions. The results confirm the role of row planting technology adoption in improving household welfare among smallholder farmers as higher crop yields from adoption translate into reduced poverty. Keywords : Adoption, Teff, Impact, Propensity Score Matching, Row Planting Technology DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-5-02 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

SOCIO-ECONOMİC FACTORS AFFECTING HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION AWAY FROM HOME IN ISPARTA

Bu çalışmada, hanehalklarının ev dışı gıda tüketimi tercihini etkileyen başlıca sosyo-ekonomik faktörlerin analizi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Logit Modeli kullanılmış ve hanehalklarıyla yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla yapılan anketlerden elde edilen veriler analiz edilerek model tahmin edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre incelenen hanehalklarının ortalama aylık geliri 5.642,35 TL, aylık ortalama tüketim harcaması 5.169,22 TL, aylık ortalama gıda harcaması 1.396,58 TL ve aylık ortalama ev dışı gıda harcaması ise 393,71 TL olarak belirlenmiştir. İncelenen hanehalklarının %45,45’inin ev dışı gıda tüketiminde bulundukları tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, modele dahil edilen açıklayıcı değişkenlerden çalışan eş unsuru dışındaki değişkenlerin tamamının beklenen işarete sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Değişkenlerin ev dışı gıda tüketimi olasılığına etkileri teorik beklentiyle uyumlu olarak sırasıyla hane büyüklüğü (-%3), medeni durum (-%36), eğitim durumu (%1), ikinci gelir grubu (%32), üçüncü gelir grubu (%49), sağlık (-%58), ekonomiklik (-%50), hijyeniklik (%16) ve evdeki gıda tüketimi harcamaları (-%0,02) olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Determinants of Household Food Expenditure in a Cassava Growing Village in Southeast Sulawesi

The study aimed to analyze the factors affecting food consumption expenditure among cassava growing households in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The study was carried out in Lapodi village, Pasarwajo subdistrict, Buton district, from April to July 2018. The primary data were collected from 32 respondents selected using a random sampling method. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the multiple regression method. The study results showed that households spent a very high percentage of food expenditure (89.84 percent) compared to nonfood expenditure (10.16 percent). The food expenditure was dominated by starchy staple foods, fish, and eggs while spending on vegetables, fruits, and milk was low. Most cassava growing households had low levels of well-being, and their food consumption lacked dietary diversity and quality. The household income, education level of heads of household, fish price, family size, and cassava yield had positive and significant influences on the food consumption expenditure. The government should adopt policies and programs to increase household income and provide nutrition education for households to incorporate balanced and diversified diets for a more healthy and active life.

ANALISIS POLA KONSUMSI DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI PANGAN POKOK RUMAHTANGGA DI PROVINSI RIAU

This study aimed to analyze the food consumption pattern of households by income level and education, to analyze the factors affecting the dominant staple food consumption expenditure of households, and to analyze the response of trees to food expenditure dominant factors that influence it. For research purposes constructed model Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), with Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method. The food commodities included in the model comprised of seven primary commodities. rice and sago, milk, beef and chicken, salt, sugar, cooking oil, as well as vegetables and fruits. The results showed that at a higher level of income, the proportion of food expenditure to others tends to decrease. The higher the housewives education’s level, the higher the consumption of dairy, beef and chicken, vegetables and fruits, while the consumption of rice and sago, sugar, and cooking oil tends to decline. Most of the parameter estimates of commodity prices and household income level of dominant influence consumption for each commodity group. Price's elasticity of all commodities tends to be negative and not responsive to the price changes. Similarly, cross elasticities showed the consumption expenditure of each commodity is not responsive to changes in other commodity prices. However, according to its income elasticity, four commodities (beef and chicken, as well as vegetables and fruits), are responsive to changes in income. From these findings, it can be stated that the policies related to the efforts to increase revenues performed better than price control policy. The efforts to improve household income is important to increase consumption, particularly the consumption of beef and chicken, as well as vegetables and fruits.

Multiple shocks and households' choice of coping strategies in rural Cambodia

A detailed understanding of households' shock-coping capacity is needed to design appropriate social safety net programs and interventions. We use a 2-year panel dataset from rural Cambodia to seek answers to the following research questions: (i) are rural households forced to reduce their consumption due to shocks? and (ii) what are the factors affecting households' choice of shock-coping strategies in response to shocks? The results of econometric models reveal that most covariate shocks have significant and negative effects on household consumption. In particular, total consumption expenditure and food consumption expenditure are negatively affected by floods, whereas household education expenditure is negatively affected by livestock diseases. These shocks also force households to use coping strategies of selling durable assets and extracting natural resources. Although droughts appear not to significantly affect household consumption, these shocks push households into using child labor, selling durable assets or extracting natural resources. Household consumption is shown to be not significantly affected by health shocks. Borrowing and receiving assistance from friends and relatives are identified as major coping strategies in response to health shocks. Our findings call for assistance programs to support households in preventing and mitigating the effects of floods, droughts and livestock diseases.

POLA PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI RUMAHTANGGA TANI PENERIMA BANTUAN MODAL PRODUKSI TERNAK SAPI DI KECAMATAN TOMPASO BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA

THE PATTERN OF HOUSEHOLD FARMERS CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF BENEFICIARIES OF CAPITAL ASSISTANCE FOR CATTLE PRODUCTION IN THE WESTERN TOMPASO DISTRICT OF MINAHASA REGENCY. Household farmers are one of the economic units that have a relationship with production and consumption decisions. Assistance of livestock production capital obtained by household farmers allocated its use in the context of household consumption to maximize the utility or satisfaction of the household. This research aims to analyze the pattern of consumption expenditure on farmers households as a recipient of production capital assistance for livestock. The study used descriptive and quantitative analysis. The respondent of this research which is household farmer’s as one of the recipients of capital assistance that has been selling cows. Patern of household consumption expenditure by farmers as beneficiaries of capital assistance in the district of West Tompaso divided into: Food and Non-food consumption. Expenditure of food consumption differentiated two types which are expenditure of food consumption purchased and not purchased. The results showed that out of all three allocation of consumption expenditure is known that the allocation of food consumption expenditure of household farmers is divided in to the first; the largest purchased for fish production is 28.69 percent, second; the value expenditure of food consumption not purchased in food seasonings (29.94%), and the last one is the allocation of non-food consumption expenditure were on clothing, footwear, and headgear (27.83%.) Keywords :Expenditure, consumption, households

Impact of soil and water conservation practices on household vulnerability to food insecurity in eastern Ethiopia: endogenous switching regression and propensity score matching approach

Governmental and developmental partners invest substantial resources to reduce land and water degradation in order to upgrade agricultural productivity, thus reducing food insecurity and related vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the impact of soil and water conservation on food insecurity outcomes would be a significant step toward improving environmental conditions, while ensuring sustainable and increased agricultural production. Therefore, this article analyzes the impact of adopting soil and water conservation on food insecurity and related vulnerability outcomes of farming households using a sample of 408 households selected using a multi-stage stratified sampling procedure from three districts in eastern Ethiopia. Vulnerability as expected poverty (three-step Feasible General Least Squares) is employed to analyze the vulnerability of sample households in the context of food insecurity. In addition, endogenous switching regressions with propensity score matching methods are combined to obtain consistent impact estimates. The study findings reveal that education and sex of household head, use of irrigation and fertilizer, source of information, and cultivated land are the main factors influencing the adoption of soil and water conservation practices. Moreover, the adoption of soil and water conservation not only positively impacts the per capita food consumption expenditure and net crop value, but it also significantly reduces the probability of farmers being food insecure, vulnerable to food insecurity, as well as being transient and chronically food insecure. Therefore, policymakers and development organizations should consider soil and water conservation as a main strategy to reduce land degradation and improve the livelihoods of the rural farm households.

A Dynamic Analysis of the Farm Share of Consumers’ Domestic Food Consumption Expenditure in Korea: An Input-Output Approach

This study analyzes how farm share changes over time in Korea when agri-food value chains are concerned. By using an input-output approach, this paper focuses on the dynamics of farmers’ sales in domestic food consumption expenditure. We found a downward trend of tfarm share from 2000 to 2014 in Korea. It is found to be declined from 44.8% in 2000 to 33.0% in 2014. The main reason for this trend seems to be the growth of food service expenditure which turned out to outpace the growth of farm sales. This downward trend is expected to continue with an increasing demand for food services.

Estimating the effects of income on food consumption expenditure in the Volta Region of Ghana

This study examined the effect of disaggregated income and other socioeconomic factors on per capita food consumption expenditure of households in the Volta region of Ghana. This involved a total of 1,574 households obtained from the Ghana Living Standard Survey round six data (GLSS6 data). A quantile regression and Ordinary Least Square regression were fitted to the data. The results showed that, income from agricultural activities, non-farm activities, remittances and wage activities had positive and significant effect on per capita food consumption expenditure of the selected households. The study concluded that although income from all sources led to an increase in food consumption expenditure, a larger share of agricultural income is used for households’ food consumption purposes. To reduce households’ vulnerability to food insecurity, price incentives to increase the real income from agriculture in particular should be promoted. Also, dietary education should be encouraged among households in the region. Keywords: Food expenditure; income; quantile regression; Volta region

Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Rumah Tangga dan Masalah Stunting Balita di Indonesia

Stunting has become a global issue. Indonesia is the fifth country with the highest prevalence of stunted children. This study aims to analyze the effect of household socio-economic conditions on stunting in Indonesia. The study is using cross section data. Data resources are obtained from The Health Research and Health Development Agency by the 2010 Ministry of Health Data Center. Study’s metode is using the logistic regression analyze. The result shows household socio-economic, food consumption expenditure, mother’s education level, mother status, family size, breas milk, immunization, childbirth assistant, sanitation and enviromental health have affected the possibility of a simultaneous and partial stunting. The result of the study can be a reference to the government in preventing childhood stunting.

China's Urban Methane Emissions From Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

AbstractThe increased number and capacity of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China has driven the emission of methane (CH4). Few studies have focused on quantification of CH4 emissions from municipal WWTPs of different cities and analysis of socioeconomic factors influencing the quantity of emissions. Here we estimated CH4 emissions from WWTPs in China for 229 prefectural‐level cities, based on data from 2,019 working municipal WWTPs. The results show the total CH4 emissions to be 1,169.8 thousand tons (29.2 MtCO2e) in 2014, which is over three times that of the municipal WWTPs in the United States in 2016. Large cities along the east coast regions had larger CH4 emissions in absolute and per capita terms. Correlation analysis shows that cities with higher gross domestic product, household food consumption expenditure, or household consumption expenditure produced more degradable organics in wastewater, thus more CH4 emissions. Measures to control the sources of degradable organics and regulate WWTP processes with less emission factor are key to mitigate CH4 emissions. In addition to aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment systems, factors such as wastewater temperature, length of sewer, and the addition of nitrate that influencing emission factor are suggested to be involved in CH4 emission modeling.

Description of Consumption Fruit Pattern In Household Palembang City

Fruit in South Sumatera is mostly tropical fruit which is relatively seasonal. However, the fruits in Palembang city is available throughout the year. If it associated with the level of consumption, availability of fruit does not directly guarantee that the community can fulfill all of its consumption. Therefore, the pattern of consumption of fruit varies depending on consumption patterns based on household characteristics. This research aims to describe the consumption pattern of household fruits in Palembang City. The data used are cross section data, primary data is from food consumption expenditure modules for fruit groups household of the National Social Economic Survey in 2017 Statistical office of Palembang City. Data of 783 households are used for the purpose of this research and analysed using is a descriptive method with tabulation. The results of the study revealed that fruit consensus patterns based on low and medium income groups were dominated by bananas (31.9% and 23%) and high groups of oranges (23.2%), then based on the number of household members consuming fruit in the number of members large and medium households are dominated by bananas (24.6% and 22.5%), and small households in oranges (22.4%). Based on the education level housewives with low education level mostly consume bananas (24.3%), moderate and high education levels of consume oranges (23.3% and 22.9% respectively). So, it can be concluded that, the dominant fruit share based on the socio-economic characteristics is bananas. Keywords: Bananas, Consumption-pattern, Socio-economic, Urban

Perceived Resources and Satisfaction With Food-Related Life Among Ecuadorian Elderly

ObjectiveTo identify variables that explain satisfaction with food-related life in Ecuadorian elderly people. DesignStratified random sampling with proportional affixation within each retirement home was conducted based on the rate of rurality, gender, age, and living circumstances. SettingRetirement homes in Guayaquil, Ecuador. ParticipantsThe sample consisted of 817 elderly people of both genders (47.5% women; mean age 73.7 years; SD 7.45 years; range 60–101 years) registered in retirement homes located in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Main Outcome MeasuresSatisfaction With Life scale, satisfaction with food-related life (SWFL), and 22 food-related perceived resources. AnalysisGeneralized linear models. ResultsGender, food consumption expenditure, satisfaction with economic situation, unhealthy days, family importance, food-related lifestyles, food neophobia, and the sum of 22 resources were found to be associated with SWFL. In addition, the Pearson bivariate correlation between the Satisfaction With Life scale and SWFL was .38 (P < .01). ConclusionsPerceived resources contributed to SWFL and the greatest satisfaction with life was observed among older adults who were more satisfied with their food.

Climate Shocks Constrain Human Fertility in Indonesia.

Climate change is likely to induce a large range of household- and individual-level responses, including changes in human fertility behaviors and outcomes. These responses may have important implications for human and economic development and women's empowerment. Drawing on the literature linking climate conditions to rice cultivation in Indonesia, we use longitudinal household survey and high-resolution climate data to explore changes in childbearing intentions, family planning use, and births following community-level climate shocks from 1993 to 2015. We find that fertility intentions increase and family planning use declines in response to delays in monsoon onset occurring within the previous year, particularly for wealthier populations. However, women on farms are significantly more likely to use family planning and less likely to give birth following abnormally high temperatures during the previous five years. We also measure parallel shifts in household well-being as measured by rice, food, and non-food consumption expenditures. Our findings advance the environmental fertility literature by showing that longer duration environmental shocks can have impacts on fertility behaviors and outcomes. Collectively, our results illustrate human fertility responses to climate change in a country vulnerable to its effects, and demonstrate that in some cases, climate shocks can constrain human fertility.

PERMINTAAN PANGAN RUMAHTANGGA PROVINSI RIAU: MODEL LINEAR APPROXIMATE ALMOST IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEM

This study aimed to analyze the food consumption pattern of households by income level and education, to analyze the factors affecting the dominant staple food consumption expenditure of households, and to analyze the response of trees to food expenditure dominant factors that influence it. For research purposes constructed model Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), with Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method. The food commodities included in the model comprised of seven primary commodities. rice and sago, milk, beef and chicken, salt, sugar, cooking oil, as well as vegetables and fruits. The results showed that at a higher level of income, the proportion of food expenditure to others tends to decrease. The higher the housewives education’s level, the higher the consumption of dairy, beef and chicken, vegetables and fruits, while the consumption of rice and sago, sugar, and cooking oil tends to decline. Most of the parameter estimates of commodity prices and household income level of dominant influence consumption for each commodity group. Price's elasticity of all commodities tend to be negative and not responsive to the price changes. Similarly, cross elasticities showed the consumption expenditure of each commodity is not responsive to changes in other commodity prices. However, according to its income elasticity, four commodities (beef and chicken, as well as vegetables and fruits), are responsive to changes in income. From these findings, it can be stated that the policies related to the efforts to increase revenues performed better than price control policy. The efforts to improve household income is important to increase the consumption, particularly consumption of beef and chicken, as well as vegetables and fruits

How Much Do Infrastructural Investments Mitigate Impacts of Seasonal Shocks on Food Security?

Ending extreme hunger requires the interaction of both household and community level infrastructural investments. When communities and households are capital infrastructure constrained, the effects of extreme events such as droughts can fetter consumption growth and food security. This paper, assesses the impact of seasonal weather shocks on food security conditional on access to public physical infrastructure. The study uses fixed effects regression techniques on representative Malawian panel data collected between 2010 and 2016. The study uses three key indicators of food security namely food consumption expenditure shares, the Berry Index of dietary variety, and the Shannon Entropy Index. To measure idiosyncratic and covariate shocks, self-reported survey data and high-resolution station based standardized precipitation – evapotranspiration index were used. To measure infrastructure, survey data, triangulated with remote sensed night time lights, were used to construct an infrastructure index in a logistic regression framework. Results show that assuming minimal infrastructure a standard deviation deficit in the one to three-month interval drought reduces consumption by 26%. Assuming normal historical weather conditions, infrastructure improves economic access to food by 15%. Thus, conditional on infrastructure, the impacts of extreme weather events on food security are reduced by 54%.

Welfare and food security response of animal feed and water resource scarcity in Northern Ethiopia

The scarcity of grazing and water for an animal has a negative effect on household welfare and food security either by affecting livestock production directly, affecting crop or off-farm income due to labor reallocation or through its direct impact on time leisure consumption.The economic impacts of resource (grazing and water) scarcity on welfare are undermined. Thus, a better understanding that is derived from the factual evidence is required. The first objective of this paper is to explore the link between natural resource scarcity and per capita food consumption expenditure (PCFE) as proxy for welfare and food security followed by the second objective of analyzing whether this effect is uniform across all quantile groups and there is gender differential effect using distance and shadow price as resource scarcity indicators. The paper used a relatively unique data set from a randomly drawn 518 sample farmers in Northern Ethiopia. To address our first objective, we employ the IV two-stage least square estimation for welfare and probit model for food security drawing on non-separable farm household model.Our estimates show that about 48% of the households were food secure while 52% were food insecure. Our results confirmed the theoretical prediction that resource scarcity affects household PCFE and food security adversely as predicted by the downward spiral hypothesis. The results indicate that animal feed and water scarcity have an important impact on welfare and food security. As expected, in aggregate, reducing time spent searching for water per day leads to an increase in PCFE and food security. Similarly, a decrease in time wastage for searching grazing increase PCFE and food security respectively, and an increment of PCFE and food security is achieved by a reduction in crop residue transporting time per day.The gender differential analysis signals that increasing resource scarcity results in low PCFE and food security, with the male are considerably likely to have less food consumption expenditure and being food insecure more as compared to female households. The total impact of time spent searching for water, grazing, and transporting straw on per PCFE is − 0.142%, − 0.102%, and − 0.092%, respectively, and decreasing reaching time to a water, grazing, and straw source by 0.6 min will increase PCFE by 354 ETB, 254 ETB, and 229 ETB for the median household. Depending on results from the quantile regression, the effect of water and feed scarcity is not uniform across the food consumption distribution.

Sex differences in hedonic and homeostatic aspects of palatable food motivation

Feeding behaviors can be modified via homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. Homeostasis, while primarily concerned with maintaining energy balance via food consumption and energy expenditure, can alter food reward and motivation in response to food deprivation. Alternatively, reward and motivation of food is also driven by its palatability or hedonic nature, and this process can be augmented by opioid receptor activation. The present study examined sex differences in the motivational properties of sucrose pellets through manipulation of homeostatic and hedonic processes via acute food deprivation and acute systemic administration of morphine, respectively. The results showed that regardless of sex, systemic injections of morphine did not alter the motivation to obtain a sucrose pellet on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement but does significantly increase consumption of sucrose pellets when freely available. Male and female rats demonstrated similar increased consumption of sucrose pellets under free feeding conditions following acute (24-hours) food deprivation, compared to the non-deprived conditions. Overall, the findings from these experiments indicate that female rats work harder in order to obtain a sucrose pellet (under a Progressive Ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement) and consume more sucrose pellets than males. However, while acute morphine administration causes similar increases on feeding in males and females, it does not alter motivation as measured by breakpoint on a PR schedule of reinforcement.

Economic Implication of Grazing and Water Resource Scarcity on Households’ Welfare and Food Security in Tigrai, Ethiopia

In this paper, I have explored the link between grazing and water resource scarcity and per capita food consumption expenditure as a proxy for welfare and food security using distance and shadow price as a resource scarcity indicator in Northern Ethiopia based on a unique data set for 518 sample farmers. To address my objectives, I employed an IV 2SLS model for estimating welfare and probit for analyzing food security, drawing on a separable farm household model. My results confirmed the theoretical prediction that grazing and water affect households’ welfare and food security adversely, as predicted by the downward spiral hypothesis.