Folklore Texts Research Articles

Archeology of Folklore: Ancient inhabitants of the East Siberian Arctic

The subject of the study is the aboriginal tribes of the Yakut Arctic based on the folklore of the indigenous peoples of Northeast Asia. Mythological plots and folklore texts include images from mythical characters – the host spirits of ichchi and kuchun of peripheral border territories and wild "half-human, half-animal" chuchun/suchun, to representatives of alien Omuk tribes with their unusual appearance and habits: "hairy" giants, tiny men and people "falling asleep for the winter". The purpose and objectives of the article are to generalize, systematize and analyze folklore texts about the ancient inhabitants of the Yakut Arctic using materials from mythology, toponymy, ethnography and archeology. In the genres of Yakut folklore, although a cycle of legends and legends about non-Yakut tribes stands out, nevertheless there is no special article dedicated to the ancient inhabitants of the Arctic coast and the islands of the northern seas of Yakutia. Folklore texts contain diverse, including deeply archaic layers of mythological ideas and folk knowledge inherent in both Yakuts and Tungus-Manchurian, Paleoasiatic, Samoyed and Finno-Ugric peoples. At the same time, the plots of legends and legends were constantly developing, absorbing both mythological representations and real features of the life of Arctic hunters and reindeer herders, as well as fragments of Early Russian folklore. Such a wide areal distribution can be explained by a single historical and cultural heritage, including folklore traditions, of Northern Eurasia.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FLIPBOOK PADA MATERI MENYIMAK TEKS CERITA RAKYAT PADA SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR

This study aims to produce a flipbook learning media product on listening to folklore texts in grade IV elementary school students that is valid and practical. This research uses research and development methods (Research and Development) using the ADDIE development model which consists of 5 (five) stages, namely the analysis stage, planning stage, development stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. The subjects in this study were grade IV students of SD Negeri 3 Semende Darat Laut. The results of data analysis based on the validation of flipbook learning media conducted by expert experts consisting of media experts, linguists and material experts obtained an average validation score with a percentage of 86.7% showing that flipbook learning media in the material listening to folklore texts developed was included in the "very valid" category. Based on the results of the questionnaire, student responses that have been tested obtained an average value of practicality with a percentage of 85.7%, indicating that the flipbook learning media developed is included in the category of "very practical". The results of students' scores on the postest obtained an average score of 96% with the category "very decent". Based on the results of validation by expert experts, the results of practicality trials by students and posttest results, it can be concluded that the flipbook learning media on the material for listening to folk terita texts in grade IV elementary school students is suitable for use in learning on theme 8 of the area where I live subtheme 1 the environment where I live learning 1.

Textual Concepts and Textological Practices in Hungarian Folkloristics

AbstractFocusing on the concept of ‘folklore text,’ the study surveys the textological dilemmas that a researcher faces during the collection, transcription, publication, and interpretation of folk poetry. Behind the development and implementation of strategies for text editing procedures lie complex cultural processes, which can be interpreted within the framework of the given discipline or placed within a broader cultural and technological historical context. The paper examines the methodological history of Hungarian folklore collections not only according to the theoretical concepts that define the research subject and research aspects but also based on the objective, technological conditions of the collection. The author proposes a folklore textological approach to the publication of texts that is much more conscious of the historicity and origin of folklore texts and considers their own philological-textological tradition. A new, process-based, and transcriber-centered concept of text would provide an intriguing direction for solving numerous folklore textological problems, which might show the role collectors and transcribers play in the creation of a text in a sharper and more nuanced light. The findings of the study are based on investigations carried out in the field of historical folklore text research, primarily on the examination of the methodological history of the collection and transcription of folktales; with certain restrictions, their applicability might be extended in terms of subject matter (to other genres) and time (even to the latest folklore phenomena arising in the digital medium), and they may also provide useful perspectives for representatives of other disciplines that study orality.

Перевод фольклорных текстов как средство сохранения ненецкого языка: интегративный подход

The article presents the results of the research into folklore translation, which is carried out through a comparative study of the translation texts and the original folklore texts and through integrative modelling (hypothetical description) of the translation process. Nenets folklore texts recorded during expeditions to the Kanin tundra and their translations into Russian performed at the Ethnocultural Centre of the Nenets Autonomous Area were used as the material for the analysis. The peculiarities of folklore translation from the Nenets language into Russian are exemplified by the text in the genre of oral story. It is shown that they are connected both with the linguistic factors of folklore text content transmission (language-oriented, speech-oriented and communicative) and extralinguistic factors influencing the translation (specifics of donor culture and its relations with recipient culture, the history of Nenets people, the history of folklore translation development. The article reveals how the integrative approach can be applied to the study of Nenets folklore texts translation into Russian. It is based on the ideas of integrative translation studies being actively developed at the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov. Due to the integrated consideration of internal and external factors of translation, while taking into account historical and ethno-cultural prerequisites for the translation process, as well as the specifics of the translation product and the features of the translated text reception, folklore translation is positioned as a means to preserve the indigenous language.

Need Analysis of Interactive E-Worksheet as a Source of Digital Learning based on Local Wisdom in Learning Folklore Texts

Worksheet refers to a document or a digital file that contains exercises, questions, or tasks for students to complete as part of their learning activities. This study aims to analyze the need for an appropriate interactive E-Worksheets in learning folklore texts. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. In this qualitative research, the research instrument is the researcher himself. The subjects in this study were students of senior high school in Padang. Data collection techniques in this study used a questionnaire. This data collection technique is in the form of a questionnaire filled out by students. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that E-Worksheets can increase students' interest in learning, especially in learning folklore texts. The implications of this research highlight the importance of incorporating interactive E-Worksheets in teaching folklore texts. Educators and curriculum developers can utilize these findings to design and implement digital learning materials that effectively engage students and promote a deeper understanding of cultural heritage.

REPRESENTATION OF THE LINGUISTIC CULTURES THROUGH FOLKLORE TEXTS

This research is devoted to the study of the linguistic expression of the national cultural notion in the folklore text on the example of the Kazakh and English linguistic cultures. According to the principles of modern linguistics, based on the anthropocentric paradigm, the definition of the individuality of each linguistic cultures (in this case, the Kazakh and British linguistic cultures and their languages) correspond the national and cultural values with a particularк importance. The reserach's main aim is to describe the features of the concept "tapkyrlyk-ingenuity" in folklore texts of Kazakh and British linguistic culture. The subject of the study is two fairy tales of linguistic cultures, "Jack and Beanstalk" from British folklore and "Cunning Aldar Kose" from Kazakh folklore. This study was qualitative and used ethnographic strategies. In addition, data obtained through questionnaire and text analysis. The relevance of this work is seen in the need to preserve and develop the folklore heritage of the people, which is the cultural identity of a particular ethnic group and has accumulated centuries-old spiritual and practical experiences of linguistic cultures. The results of the analysis allow the reader to draw some particular conclusions that are of interest for research that having certain distinctions in usage of the concept “tapkyrlyk-ingenuity”. Keywords: values, folklore, fairy tales, linguistic picture of the world, concept, culture, linguistic culture, worldview.

“Language nests”: the rebirth of the language (on the example of the Inari-Sami and Karelian languages)

Introduction. The article considers the problems of the revival of languages of small peoples. The subject of the study is the experience of linguists in the revitalization of national languages at a specific location in the Republic of Karelia (village Vedlozero) and Finland (village Inari). Materials and Methods. The material of the study is based on the data published in the monograph of the Finnish linguist A. Pasanen and taken from the speeches of N. P. Barmina, an activist of the Union of the Karelian People, obtained in the media and from her personal conversations with of the author of the article. When processing the information, the author employs such methods as comparative, analytical and synthetic. Results and Discussion. Language revitalization primarily includes such measures of language support as description of the grammatical and lexical structure of the language, fixation of phonetic features, documentation of linguistic material of folklore texts and everyday descriptions, etc. At the same time, it requires enormous efforts on individual level from the cultural and linguistic community, and on the community level from the public organizations, educational institutions and government authorities. One of the most effective ways to revive national languages is language training centers. The way they are organized and work are considered on the example of “language nests” in Finland and Karelia. Conclusion. Based on the measures to save the Finnish language by L. Kotilainen, the author of the publication proposed her own system for the preservation of national languages, which does not always require mandatory state support and funding, although in no case excludes it. In particular, it is proposed to create a network of free language webinars, to organize competitions for the best blogs made in ethno-language, the best master of words who came up with the most successful equivalent of a Russian word.

Folk Illusions in The Dictionary of American Regional English: Text, Context, and a Triangulation Method for Cognitive Folkloristics

We examine The Dictionary of American Regional English as a possible source for folk illusion data. Recognizing a known children’s folklore trick, ‘Jack and Jim’, as a folk illusion, we investigate the nature of the change blindness illusion featured in the form as we describe the benefits of our interdisciplinary triangulation methods for cognitive folkloristics. Ultimately, we argue that studies of decontextualized folklore texts (such as dictionary data) are bolstered by the implied contexts of shared embodied processes.

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR DIGITAL TEKS CERITA RAKYAT KELAS X BERTEMA KEJADIAN SEJARAH DAERAH ASAL

This study aims to develop digital teaching materials for class X folklore texts with the theme of Regional Historical Events of Origin, as well as to determine the feasibility of digital teaching materials and students' responses to digital teaching materials. The development model used in this study is the Borg and Gall development model with eight simplified stages, namely 1) problem identification and data collection, 2) initial product design, 3) design validation, 4) design revision, 5) initial trial , 6) initial product revision, 7) usage trial, and 8) final product revision. Interview techniques and questionnaires were used to collect data with subject matter experts, media experts, class X students at SMAN 3 Kota Tangerang, and Indonesian teachers. The research results obtained were: 1) subject matter expert validation obtained 98% in the very feasible category, 2) media expert validation obtained 90% in the very feasible category, 3) Indonesian language teachers obtained 95%, and 4) Response of class X students of SMAN 3 Tangerang City gets 91% with very decent category. Based on the data from the assessment results, it was concluded that the digital teaching material for class X folktale texts is very suitable for use in learning at school.

Эпизод из истории крымского музыкального фольклора: сборник крымско-татарских песен Н. Боровко и М. Красева

Research objectives: To outline the activities of Nina Borovko-Langlet as a collector and performer of folk songs of the Crimean Tatars and to introduce into scientific use a collection of Crimean Tatar songs and dances, prepared by her in collaboration with the composer M.I. Krasev. Research materials: The collection of Nina Borovko and Mikhail Krasev “Crimean Tatar Songs,” published in Stockholm in 1925, and little-known Russian and foreign journal articles served as additional material. As comparative material, the publications of Crimean folklore texts of the 1920s and 1930s were used. Results and novelty of the research: For many decades, the name of Nina Borovko-Langlet was forgotten in the history of Russian musical folklore. The materials presented in the article highlight the role of N. N. Borovko-Langlet in Crimean folklore studies of the 1920s and 1930s. She contributed largely to the popularization of Crimean Tatar music, and her concerts introduced Swedish audiences to the originality of Crimean Tatar folk songs and dances. The article reveals the existence of the collection “Crimean Tatar Songs,” containing six Crimean Tatar songs with translations into Russian, Swedish, and German, as well as a musical notation of two dance songs. It can serve as a valuable source for further comparative study of variants of Crimean songs. The paper also touches on some aspects of N.N. Borovko-Langlet’s collaboration with M.I. Krasev and describes the range of musical publications of the Soviet composer related to the Crimean theme.

Образ цыган в чувашской лингвокультуре

The work is devoted to the analysis of the image of gypsies in the Chuvash linguistic culture. In the message, linguoculture is understood as a phenomenon that summarizes all manifestations of culture reflected through language. The study is based on the Chuvash linguistic material, folklore and literary texts, as well as other information related to the gypsies. The study is based on a scientific analysis of the Chuvash speech products marked by the mention of gypsies and is generally retrospective in nature. Nevertheless, the conclusions are still relevant in today’s realities. Gypsies in Chuvashia are a newly-minted ethnic group, to a small extent introduced into its social reality and closed from the outside world. They are not included in the circle of peoples who are in close contact with the Chuvashs, however, they are often mentioned in folklore texts from the positions of ethnocentrism, most of which determine their negative perception. At the same time, the image of gypsies is reflected in Chuvash fiction, and here they are mainly described as positive characters, objectively requiring empathy, if only because they are part of the central characters. Chuvash ideas about gypsies largely correlate with their perception by Russians.

Evaluation of Texts Produced by Artificial Intelligence in Terms of Folklore

Experience accumulation of mankind gained from life has preserved its existence by being transferred to the next generations for centuries. The geographies, climates, environmental conditions, technologies, economies and values of the communities in the processes they live in have formed their culture. All of the practices that preserve their relation with the past of the society in which they were created in the process of transferring the experience and accumulation from ancient times to new generations with the bond of tradition and shaped without losing their dynamism according to the needs of the time are within the scope of folklore researchers. Human communities have created and transferred their cultures in various cultural environments, especially in the oral culture environment. In the center of all these creation and transmission processes, people themselves have taken place. Mankind, which has produced various technologies throughout history, has developed electronic or digital technology as well as writing. The technology development has also played an active role in the creation and transmission of culture by human beings. Artificial intelligence technology developed by humanity is one of the most important technological developments of recent times and has started to show itself in almost every fields of life. Artificial intelligence has also been used in creating narrative texts. This brought up the problem of how the narratives created by artificial intelligence should be perceived or evaluated in what context. In this study, in the context of this problem, the situation of the texts within the scope of the principles of the folklore nature of the texts presented by the artificial intelligence, which was designed through algorithms, influenced by the technological developments, and the co-creation texts of the community, is discussed. Evaluations have been made on the differences of the texts from folklore texts. It has been seen that the produced texts have limitations in terms of context, depth and emotion transfer.

«WEDDING IN SONGS AND RITES (IN KOSTROMA COUNTY)» (ABOUT ONE MANUSCRIPT FROM THE STATE ARCHIVE OF THE KOSTROMA REGION)

This article is devoted to the presentation of the manuscript stored in the State Archive of the Kostroma Region. The topicality of this work is explained, firstly, by the importance of introducing unpublished archival materials into scientific circulation and their critical analysis; secondly, by the need to assess the painstaking work of collectors of folklore and ethnographic materials in the XIX – beg. XX century – folklorists, ethnographers, correspondents of regional scientific societies, representatives of rural intelligentsia (teachers, priests), etc. The author’s focus is the manuscript “Wedding in Songs and Rites (in Kostroma County)” compiled from materials of the Kostroma Scientific Society for the Study of the Local Territory and the Kostroma Scientific Archival Commission; physical, graphic, and meaningful features of the manuscript are analyzed. Folklore material mainly a spoken repertoire – speeches and rhymes of wedding ranks and participants of the ritual (groomsman, brother of the bride, girls – friends of the bride, natives) is characterized, the proportion of which exceeds the number of texts of other genres (lamentations and songs). The latter circumstance distinguishes the manuscript from a large number of handwritten materials stored in different archives of Russia. The stylistic features of folklore texts are analyzed, some of these texts are rare and have no analogues in published collections and archival materials.

REFLECTION OF FOREIGN CULTURAL INFLUENCES IN THE FOLKLORE AND LANGUAGES OF THE PEOPLES OF DAGESTAN

The article examines the influence of the Russian language and culture on the folklore and language of the peoples of Dagestan. It is noted that with the direct participation of otkhodniks at the beginning of the 20th century, the number of neologisms increases in the folklore and lexical composition of the Dagestan languages. This is explained by the fact that the dynamics of the phenomena of everyday life of otkhodniks of that period was associated with the city. The purpose of the study is to show the foreign cultural, urban, exotic influences reflected in the oral and poetic creativity, the languages of Dagestan. The authors made an attempt to identify the role of intercultural communication in these processes. Most clearly, other cultural, urban motifs are manifested in folklore, namely, in oral stories and non-ritual lyrics (songs about otkhodnichestvo). The otkhozhny trade has become widespread among a number of Dagestan peoples (Dargins, Lezgins, Laks and Tabasarans). Borrowed words and expressions found in folklore texts make it possible to trace the processes of interethnic contacts and intercultural communications of that era. Folklore and linguistic picture of the world in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. become a mirror of such communications. In general, the topic did not become the object of a special study. The issue of borrowing Russianisms is considered in monographs devoted to the branch vocabulary of the Dagestan languages, in articles on folklore.

Digital Folklore Text Teaching Materials Loaded with Educative Values for SMP/MTs Students

Folklore is oral literature conveyed by a person or group of people in a society. Folklore learning contains noble values that contain educational values that can be used as the development of character education. Character education can be done by selecting appropriate learning materials. In order for teaching materials to be as expected, it is necessary to develop teaching materials. Teaching materials developed must make it easier for students to learn the material and keep abreast of technological developments that will help students understand the material presented. This study aims to obtain digital folklore text teaching materials with educative values for SMP/MTs students. The folklore texts in this teaching material are taken from the people of Indramayu Regency. The research method used is research and development with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The sample in this study consisted of two categories, namely students from Indonesia and students from Malaysia. The stages in this research are (1) collection and analysis of folklore structures, (2) design and development of digital teaching materials, (3) expert validation, (4) implementation of digital teaching materials in learning. The results of this study showed that Indonesian students obtained a score of 83% and Malaysian students obtained a score of 82%. This proves that digital teaching materials for SMP/MTs students are considered very feasible for use in learning. The results of the feasibility assessment from material experts scored 84%, linguists and literature experts scored 80%, and media experts scored 62%. Overall, this teaching material is appropriate for use in learning for SMP/MTs students.

Lullabies and Algys in the Semiosphere of the Sakha Culture: Linguistic Aspect

The article analyzes the language and cultural code of lullaby songs and maternity incantations (algyss) which belong to the oldest layer of the Yakut folklore. The addressees are the patron goddesses of clans Aiysyt and the guardian goddesses Ieyekhsit. Understanding of the cultural text language leads to the finding of prototypical conceptual meanings in the consciousness of the ancient Sakha. The novelty of the research lies in the identification of the sign nature of lullabies and incantations, which until now have not been the subject of interest for the Yakut linguists. The aim of the paper is to analyze the semiotic signs and symbols of lullaby songs and maternity spells in semiosphere of the Sakha culture. The article is based on archival materials and published folklore texts. Archaic texts are endowed with magical functions: procreative and apotropaic. In the ritual songs, especially in the rites of transition, both the action code and the sound code (moaning, sound repetitions, the manner of singing: diyeretiya or daegeretiyaҥ) are combined and coexist. Sound behavior in the house of a woman in labor during and after the delivery is strictly regulated. Special sacredness is expressed by allegorical messages about the approach of childbirth, which are expressed by the time code. A syntagmatic series of auspicious signs is presented: the numerical characteristic is joined by color and spatial ones, which model the theme of creation of the Universe and Man. The theme of creation is presented through the technological code of making the cradle. The ambivalence of archaic representation generated by the anthropic functions time/birth, our own/foreign, up/down, and death/life is observed. The symbol of the child is traditionally an egg and a bird, as for gender terms, the symbol of a boy is a knife, the symbol of a girl is a scissor. Wishes for the child’s good fortune are displayed by the concept of cold, which preserves the fact of the negative attitude of the Sakha people from the south to the northern Arctic climate. The sound song code is expressed by a set of cultural codes: the action code, which is defined as a set of ritual and ceremonial actions to achieve the hearing of the patron goddess of childbirth; the time code, corresponding to the three-dimensional universe; the spatial code, represented by the eight-member horizontal and nine-tier vertical model. Sign systems of folk culture functioning in lullabies and incantations are inseparable from their pragmatics. They are “folded messages” which eventually represent archetypal beliefs of ancient Sakha, which are deciphered as a result of semiotic and linguistic research.

ЛІНГВОКРАЇНОЗНАВЧИЙ АСПЕКТ РОЗВИТКУ МОВНО- МОВЛЕННЄВОЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ПЕРШОКЛАСНИКІВ У ПЕРІОД НАВЧАННЯ ГРАМОТИ

У статті проаналізовано особливості розвитку мовно-мовленнєвої особистості учнів першого класу на уроках української мови. Обґрунтована необхідність і висвітлена специфіка реалізації лінгвокраїнознавчого аспекту соціокультурної компетентності з метою формування в першокласників національної свідомості, духовного багатства і культури. Узагальнено напрями мовленнєвого розвитку, рекомендовано прийоми і засоби навчання української мови з опорою на мовне чуття дітей, наведено приклади завдань.

Рецензия на монографию: Киндеркнехт А. С. Мирилка: фольклорный текст, игра, социальная практика. Пермь, 2022. 99 с.

The review analyses A. S. Kinderknekht’s monograph “Peace-Making Rhyme: A Folklore Text, Game, Social Practice” (2022), addressed to folklorists, sociolinguists, school teachers and educators of preschool institutions, employees of school mediation services.

The word nettle as a culturally marked linguistic unit

Plant names (phytonyms) are associated with the symbolisation of mankind’s achievements in cognitive studies. The primary function of these lexical units is referential. However, many of them contain additional semantic characteristics in addition to the main (referential) meaning. They perform expressive and cumulative cultural functions reflecting the specific mentality of a particular nation. Some phytonyms have strong national cultural connotations and deserve special attention. For example, one such word is the lexeme nettle. The paper aims to reveal the cultural connotations of this lexical unit. We consider the word nettle as a unit of the Russian lexicon and an object traditionally used in the Russian people’s customs as well as a characteristic element of the Russian oral tradition. The analysis enables us to conclude that the word nettle in Russian has a neutral referential "botanical" meaning, but at the same time it contains extremely negative national cultural connotations. These are most actively manifested in phraseology and folklore texts.

Володимир Отроковський – дослідник подільських говірок

In the article the work «Malorusskii hovor sela Kobilevky, Podolskoi hub., Bratslavskaho ujezda» by V. Ostrokovskiy is analyzed, as well as folklore texts and texts of oral speech of this region residents submitted to the scientist after the work. It has been defined that the researcher presents his own writing system, which will be used to accurately reproduce the sound composition of words and texts recorded in this area. In general, he used the diacritical signs specified in the preface to «Programs for collecting features of the Malorossiya dialects» by K. Mikhalchuk and A. Krymskyi. Folklore texts and examples of folk speech reflect to some extent local pronunciation features: у in place of unstressed o; strong р on the place of normative р’; form of genitive case of plural on -ый; form of the third person of singular and plural of the present tense and the second person of plural of the imperative mood on the strong final -т; non-reduplicated soft consonants: жытьа́ , попадьа́ , корі́ньа and etc. Recordings of songs, fairy tales and riddles are of great scientific importance and are a significant contribution to Ukrainian folkloristics and dialectology. This interesting material, which presents the main features of the Podillia dialect, can serve as a valuable and reliable source for studying the dynamics of Podillia dialect speech.