Folklorists Research Articles

ЭВФЕМИЗМЫ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЯМИ ‘УМИРАТЬ’ И ‘УБИВАТЬ’ В ТЕКСТАХ ХАКАССКИХ ГЕРОИЧЕСКИХ ЭПОСОВ «АЛТЫН-АРЫГ» И «АЙ-ХУУЧИН»

The heroic epics of the Turkic peoples in Siberia are the brightest achievement of their authentic culture. Due to the processes of urbanization, the diverging from the traditional way of life that are actively taking place in the Republic of Khakassia today, the mass bilingualism among the native speakers of the Khakas language, the switch to Russian by the Khakas younger generation, the loss of traditions in intergenerational transmission of folklore works, especially heroic epic, it is very important to study the linguistic features of Khakas folklore. The purpose of the article is to describe the features of semantic models of verbal euphemisms with meanings ‘to die’ and ‘to kill’, presented in Khakas heroic epics Altyn-Aryg and Ai-Khuuchin. Nominative units with similar meanings have not been previously studied in Khakas language and folklore studies. To achieve this goal, the method of contextual analysis, component analysis, and word formation analysis were used. Phrases with euphemistic verbal nominations, included in thematic group ‘death’ were identified with the help of the method of contextual analysis. Using the method of component analysis, the presence of seme ‘death as cessation of vital activity’ was confirmed in the verb semes. By word-formation analysis, models of the formation of euphemisms with meanings ‘to die’ (8 models) and ‘to kill’ (5 models) were established. The notion “to die” is conveyed by euphemisms formed according to such semantic models as “to lie down > to die”; “to fall down > to die”; “to cross > to die”; “to pass over > to die”; “to break off > to die”; “to transform > to die”; “to part > to die”; “to break (about a saddle pommel) > to die”. The notion “to kill” in the analyzed texts is conveyed through euphemisms formed using semantic models “to make somebody lie down > to kill”, “to make somebody cross > to kill”, “to drop > to kill”, “to tear > to kill”, “to eat > to kill”. Most of euphemisms are formed by metaphorical transfer; one semantic model is based on metonymic transfer (“to break (about a saddle pommel) > to die”). The analyzed units reflect archaism of the ideas reflected in them about death as a transition to the world of the dead, as the result of the interruption of a thread–like substance – a soul ‘tyn’, as the transformation of the external appearance (khubul- literary ‘to change', ‘to transform'), as the parting with the light world ‘akh charykh’

«SITUATIONAL TIME» IN HISTORICAL EPICS

Conceptual research stands as a cornerstone in uncovering linguocultural values and the collective psyche of diverse peoples, offering profound insights into their worldview. This article endeavors to unveil the manifestation of temporal context within historical epics, deeply intertwined with the epochs and narratives of the respective societies. The study seeks to elucidate the collective consciousness and societal understanding prevalent during the periods under study, achieved through an analysis of linguistic expressions denoting temporal concepts within historical poetic texts. Drawing upon scholarly evidence, the article delineates the mechanisms and distinctive attributes characterizing the portrayal of situational time within historical epics. It underscores the prominent role of grammatical constructs, particularly the active utilization of the verb's grammatical category, in conveying temporal nuances. Furthermore, linguistic analysis reveals the pivotal role of the temporal dimension in discerning historical veracity within these literary compositions. The scholarly significance of this research lies in its theoretical contributions to cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, and the study of linguistic folklore. Additionally, the practical implications extend to educational contexts, offering enriching content for specialized courses such as "Linguistic Folklore Studies," "Cognitive Linguistics," and "Linguoculturology," thereby fostering a deeper understanding of temporal dynamics within cultural narratives. Key words: concept, cognition, historical epic, linguistic unity, time, situational time, grammatical category

Protection of Handicraft Skills from the Perspective of Folklore Studies

Handicraft skills and material culture are a research perspective of folklore and a major landscape of various ethnic customs in China. The long history, vast territory, and clever and wise Chinese people have formed a colorful and diverse folk handicraft technique. Under the diverse paths of design participation in handicraft innovation, handicrafts have undergone semantic, functional, and situational transformations in contemporary times, presenting an ecosystem of alienation and diversification. This article takes the ceramic craftsmanship of Yaozhou kiln as an example to explore how to improve the construction of national cultural soft power by protecting local traditional handicrafts.

Remembering ‘69: Celebrities’ Letters Connected with the 5th ISFNR Congress (part 2)

This is a pictorial-like based article devoted to the publishing of the academically consistent letters which were exchanged in connection with the 5th ISFNR Congress (Bucharest, Romania: August 25-31, 1969). Selected out of several hundreds, though an incomplete collections, these 100+ belong (with just a tiny exception) to the Archive of the „C. Brăiloiu” Institute of Ethnography and Folklore, in Bucharest (archival records: AIEF, MS 270), where the team of its director of yore, Mihai Pop, preserved them, boxed and closed them up), and then ignored. Forgotten for a half a century, they are exposed now especially for the contemporary research to better realize the power of connecting, exchanging, building up both personal, socio-political and academic ideas and careers, through meeting-arrangements, postal letters, public gatherings, and influential ideological and professional/epistemological discussions. Keywords: ISFNR/International Society for Folk Narrative Research, SIEF/Société Internationale d’Ethnologie et de Folklore, folklore, folklore studies, ethnology, narratives, archive, letters, academic life, personalities.

Kajian Ekokritik dalam Buku Kumpulan Cerita Rakyat Cilacap

Environmental issues are a major concern in society. This is caused by human behavior that adversely affects the environment. In relation to these issues, folklore or old literature has great potential to raise human awareness of the importance of maintaining the sustainability of nature. Folktales often contain values of local wisdom, human connection with nature, and moral learning that can be the foundation for ecological awareness. This study aims to describe the representation of ecocriticism in the Cilacap folklore collection book. This research is a qualitative research with content analysis approach. The data source of this research is the book Folklore of Central Java: Cilacap Regency. The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling. The result of this research is ecocriticism in the Cilacap folklore collection book can be known by Greg Garrad's ecocriticism theory (2004) in the form of pollutions, wilderness, disaster (apocalypse), dwelling, animals, and earth. This research contributes greatly to the understanding of ecocriticism and can enrich the repertoire of research on ecocritical studies in folklore which is currently still quite limited in Indonesia.

Methods of teaching folklore in secondary school

Relevance. Folk songs, fairy tales, riddles, and tongue twisters are important for their emotional impact on a person, and the study of folklore allows a better understanding and feeling the spirit of the people, their worldview, culture, and history. The relevance of the study is based on the fact that at the present stage, due attention is paid to the use of folklore in the educational process in secondary school. Purpose. The purpose of the study: determine the role of folklore in the educational process through the conducted analysis of knowledge in secondary schools of Kazakhstan, identify the main genres of folklore, show the main techniques and methods of teaching folklore. Methodology. Comparative, descriptive, deductive, axiomatic, dogmatic, and abstraction methods and the method of analysis and synthesis were used to clarify this subject. Results. The result of the study was the definition of the concept of folklore and consideration of the classification of genres. The empirical part of the study consists of a survey conducted among 44 pupils, and a survey of 15 teachers of the highest category of secondary schools in Kazakhstan on the methodology of teaching folklore, its impact on the upbringing of the younger generation, and the activation of the educational process in general. Conclusions. The study examines Kazakh folklore and its components, shows the model of teaching folklore at school. The study allowed identifying certain features and assessing the prospect of further introduction of folklore teaching methods into the educational system of Kazakhstan, and developing recommendations for studying Kazakh folklore for grades 5-6. The practical importance of this subject is due to the main methodological aspects that affect the effectiveness of the use of certain methods of teaching folklore in secondary schools. Keywords: learning process; teacher; educational system; oral folk art; traditions

БАШКИРСКАЯ ФОЛЬКЛОРИСТИКА В СИСТЕМЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ГУМАНИТАРНОЙ НАУКИ (ОПЫТ СОБИРАНИЯ, ИЗДАНИЯ, ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ)

The article attempts to provide a brief overview of the activities of the Institute’s folklorists after joining the system of the Russian Academy of Science. It is characterized by regularity, consistency in all areas of folklore studies, activation of expedition, research, and publication activities. It was during this period in the history of Bashkir folklore that the experience of scientific and textual work appeared, as a result of which four multi-volume scientific collections “Bashkir Folk Art”, more than a dozen collections of samples of Bashkir folk art were prepared and published; several dozen monographic studies were written and published, in which genre features, ideological basis, and image system were considered, as well as artistic and visual means; The actual problems of Bashkir folklore studies were covered in the serial edition of the collection of scientific articles “Bashkir Folklore». The mid-1970s -early 2000s in the history of Bashkir folklore studies are significant for the increased attention to the publication of samples of Bashkir folklore in Russian, later in English. In the research of the XXI century, emphasis was placed on the poetics of such genres as fairy tales, epics, songs and others; interdisciplinary connections. In the genre of the Bashkir fairy tale according to the experimental method of the famous Russian folklorist, the corresponding member of RAS V.M. Gatsak conducted a study on the problem of the persistence of a fairy tale in time and the transferability of a fairy tale from a “teacher” to a “student” G.R. Khusainova. The XXI century in world folklore is also significant for the increased attention to the reliability of sources. In the history of Bashkir folklore, it is reflected in the monograph by Sh.R. Shakurova, devoted to the textual analysis of the archival primary source of the epic “Ural-Batyr” and its academic alternative (publishing) versions in the first part of the study, and in the second– the phototypic reproduction of the archival primary source of the epic “Ural-Batyr”; the publication of the authentic text of the epic “Ural-Batyr” with parallel submission in Cyrillic, prepared by G.V. Yuldybayeva. Significant events in Bashkir folklore were the preparation and publication of the encyclopedia “Folklore of the Peoples of Bashkortostan”, the translation of the masterpieces of world epic of the Kyrgyz epic “Manas” (2016) and the Yakut epic-olonkho “Nyurgun-Bootur the Swift” (2023) into the Bashkir language. One of the important achievements of Bashkir folklorists is also the implementation of projects under grants from the RGNF.

Blue Ridge Mountain Gumbo: Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon and Appalachian Literature

Abstract: Toni Morrison’s novel Song of Solomon (1977) reveals relations between African American literature and Appalachian literature that have hitherto been ignored. Analyzing scholarship on Appalachian literature alongside Morrison’s novel highlights similarities between African American literature and Appalachian literature, such as connections to oral folklore, discussions of who constitutes a representative author of the canon, and sense of place. However, by placing Morrison’s novel against a rubric of traditional/scholarly conceptions of Appalachian literature, we find an absence in the scholarship on issues relevant to African American literature, such as migration, violent racism, and the present-day legacies of slavery on African American families. This regionalist approach to Toni Morrison’s fiction furthers the efforts of scholars interested in African American Appalachian/Affrilachian history and culture.

REGARDING EXPLANATION OF INTERNATIONAL TERM ELEMENTS IN THE UZBEK DICTIONARIES

This article explores the historical evolution of linguololklore studies, tracing its origins back to ancient Greece and ancient India, where scholars have analyzed language variations in literary and spoken forms. This section discusses the efforts of Greek thinkers to interpret the language of Homer's epics and the work of Indian grammarians such as Panini in distinguishing between Sanskrit and Prakrit. Furthermore, it highlights the contributions of Arab scholars in interpreting Islamic texts and the emergence of linguistics as a distinct field in the 19th century, particularly through the works of Wilhelm von Humboldt and Jacob Grimm. The article also delves into the philological study of Russian folklore, with scholars such as A. Kh. Vostokov and A. A. Potebnyamade significant contributions. It examines debates on the relationship between folklore language and dialect, along with the efforts of contemporary scholars such as A. T. Khrolenko, E. B. Artemenko, and S. E. Nikitina in advancing linguo-folkloristics. This article underscores the interdisciplinary nature of linguo-folklore studies and their role in understanding language, culture, and societal dynamics.

Infection or inflection? Reflecting on constructions of children and play through the prism of the COVID-19 pandemic

During crisis times, what children are playing and what grown-ups think their games signify can become a focus of adult anxiety. The Play Observatory, a COVID-19 research project, drew on folklore studies and cultural histories of childhood to collect, document and understand what children were playing and doing during extraordinary times, in ways which were meaningful to children themselves. This article discusses some of the children’s and families’ contributions, juxtaposed with children’s contributions to the archive of childhood folklorists Iona and Peter Opie, to highlight and contest adultist interpretations around children’s play during difficult times. We suggest that these interpretations are rooted in particular social constructions of the child, of childhood and of play that reflect themes of innocence, purity and vulnerability, and the need for adult protection from contamination, both material and symbolic. We introduce the idea of ‘inflection’ to suggest how habitual and perennial forms of play may be made to temporarily accommodate contemporary issues by the players as opposed to the play (and hence the child) being ‘infected’ with troubling or distressing themes which detract from idealised constructs of childhood.

Struktur dan Fungsi Sosial Cerita Rakyat Legenda Kapa Si Mikin di Kabupaten Solok

The purpose of this research is to identify the structure of the folklore legend of Kapa si Mikin and explain the social function of the folklore legend of Kapa si Mikin. This research is a qualitative research using folklore studies. Data collection was done by interview method accompanied by note-taking and recording techniques and complemented by field observation method. The source of data in this study is the folklore of the legend of Kapa si Mikin found in Kanagarian Koto Sani District X Koto Singkarak Solok Regency obtained from native speakers. The data in this study were analyzed using three stages, namely: (1) data identification stage; (2) classification stage; (3) discussion and conclusion stage of data analysis results. The results showed that the structure of the folklore of the legend of Kapa si Mikin consists of: language style in the folklore of the legend of Kapa si Mikin using the dialect of Kanagarian Koto Sani District X Koto Singkarak Solok Regency which is easily understood by the community where the owner of the story; the number of characters and characterizations is minimalist; consists of a conventional plot using three stages of storytelling namely the initial stage, middle stage and final stage; the setting in the story includes place setting, time setting and social setting; themed family stories namely the relationship between mother and child. The social functions of the folklore of the legend of Kapa si Mikin are as a means to entertain, a means to educate, a tool to pass on oral traditions, and as a means to show identity,

Features of collecting Kazakh folklore and methods of collecting folklore of the first half of the XX century

Relevance. The collection and study of Kazakh folklore are crucial for preserving the rich cultural heritage and ensuring its transmission to future generations. Understanding the processes involved in gathering, processing, and publishing folklore materials is essential for advancing the field of folklore studies and for maintaining the cultural identity of the Kazakh people. Purpose. This study aims to investigate the methods and practices of collecting Kazakh folklore in the first half of the XX century, highlighting the importance of systematic collection and the role of individual researchers in preserving and disseminating oral traditions. Methodology. The research involves a comprehensive analysis of historical records and scholarly works on the collection of Kazakh folklore, focusing on the techniques used by researchers to gather material directly from oral sources and the subsequent processes of transcription and preparation for publication. Results. The study reveals that the process of collecting Kazakh folklore in the early XX century was meticulous and required careful reproduction of oral narratives onto paper, ensuring their authenticity and accuracy. This method has been instrumental in preserving the genre-specific characteristics of folklore and providing a solid foundation for future research. Conclusions. The systematic collection and documentation of Kazakh folklore are vital for safeguarding the cultural heritage and supporting scholarly endeavors in folklore studies. By adhering to rigorous scientific standards in the collection and publication processes, researchers can ensure the integrity and longevity of this invaluable cultural resource. Keywords: folklore studies; collection; processing; publication; Kazakh folklore; genre

A viewpoint on folklore education: providing students freedom and empowerment

Oral folklore tradition is a unique phenomenon in West Borneo. This study aims to gain the lecturer's perspectives and reflection toward its implementation as a project-based activity for encouraging university students to transform local folklore into texts in English. It combines Finnegan's instructional procedure, and Gordon's synectic model and the creative state, which has been defined as creative instruction. Multiple observations and an in-depth interview with the folklore lecturer were conducted for this qualitative investigation. The lecturer is recognized as being exceptionally representative of this study employing purposive sampling under lived experience study because of his proficiency and enthusiasm. Having this creative instruction under supervision makes it clear that there is more room for the student's imagination and creativity to grow throughout this project-based activity. It gives them freedom to freely pursue their interests. Without excluding the possibilities of use in areas where there is still local folklore, this creative instruction is specifically suited for regions that are still rich in oral tradition. Further research is essential, nevertheless, as this study does not go into great detail on the perspectives and involvement among various students, the diversity of cultures and geographies, or the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI).

GERMAN AND LATVIAN CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF LATVIAN FOLKLORE SHOW

Research topic "German and Latvian Cross Cultural Communication Analysis: A Case Study of Latvian Folklore Show" is relevant, because the successful mutual communication between Latvians and Germans is essential for the promotion of further co - operation with the Germans. One of the ways to show the various symbolic elements of Latvian ethnicity together is to a Latvian folklore show. It is a world-proven practice in which foreign visitors are briefly introduced to the traditional culture of the country they have come to. The object of the research is Latvian and German intercultural communication and the subject of the research is Latvian and German intercultural communication during Latvian folklore show. The aim of the research is to analyze Latvian and German intercultural communication during the folklore show. Research methods used in the work: referential analysis of the literature, method of observation. The research period is from 2008 to 2019. The resarch shows that in order to create a positive cross cultural communication, the German language should be used, the order of the presentation of the symbolic elements is important and that the elements presented should be politicaly neutral. The creators of the show should be well informed about the other ethnicity and all of the participants of the show should be able to not only perform, but to create and maintain the communication process troughout the show.

Ziya Gökalp and folklore studies in Turkey

The following research is devoted to the study of the similarity between Gökalp and the romantics, as well as to the question of whether or not he left some influence on Turkish folklore studies, which continue to be based on the application of various European and American folklore theories and lack a clearly defined character. The aim of the research is to examine Ziya Gökalp’s views about folklore by looking at his works, as well as what has been written about him, and thus try to determine how the relation between folklore and nationalism, which was brought into force by European thinkers of the romantic period found its reflection in the views of Ziya Gökalp. The author attempted to determine how and to what end Gökalp evaluated this relation, and, in general, how subsequent folklore studies in Turkey were affected by his works. As a result of the failure of the attempted reforms, at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, the new ideas emerged in the empire such as Westernism, Ottomanism, Islamism and Pan-Turkism. Each of these ideas claimed that the empire could be saved and developed if their respective ideas were accepted. However, none of them managed to halt the nationalist movements that emerged first in Europe and then in the European lands of the Ottoman Empire after the French Revolution. In a short period of time the nationalist feelings among the ethnic groups in the Balkans increased considerably and played a major role in, first, diminishing the territory of the empire, and later in its collapse. Ziya Gökalp had written a number of essays and books where he had espoused nationalist views before the Republic of Turkey was founded, and he put folklore at the center of this nationalist ideas. As a scholar, researcher, ideologist, writer and poet, he in started the work in the field of folklore, also contributed to it with his works. Folklore studies longer history than the history of contemporary Turkey. Folklore studies in Turkey continue in present time under the influence, in various degrees, from the folklore studies conducted throughout the world. Most of the folklore studies in Turkey concentrate on folk literature, traditions and lately in folklore theories and UNESCO Conventions.

ФОЛЬКЛОРИСТИКА В КИЇВСЬКОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ: ВІД ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКОЇ ІДЕЇ ДО НАУКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ

Background. The article is devoted to the study of a topic relevant to contemporary folklore studies - its origin and formation in educational institutions of Ukraine, in particular, at Kyiv University. The author shows the formation of the folklore school at Kyiv University from a research idea in the nineteenth century, systematic study and teaching in the twentieth century to a scientific school in the twenty-first century. Methods. The descriptive, historical and chronological methods, and method of systematic analysis were used. Results. The process of the folklore research at Kyiv University is detailed and specified as a continuous and consistent one. The milestones in the development of Ukrainian folklore studies by M. Maksymovych, M. Kostomarov, M. Drahomanov, V. Antonovych, and P. Chubynskyi in their connection with the teaching activities of scientists at Kyiv University are characterized. Folklore studies are looked at the level of a research idea that will gradually form a subject area. The author describes the folklore studies of Kyiv University teachers in the twentieth century (A. Loboda, P. Popov, M. Hrytsai, etc.). Folklore studies are considered to be an independent component of philology and a system of knowledge with various research topics, methods of research and recording of folklore samples. The end of the century is characterized by radical changes caused by the restoration of statehood, which allowed the creation of the Department of Folklore Studies, the opening of specialties and the beginning of professional training in this field at Kyiv University and in Ukraine as a whole. The activities of the folklore school of Kyiv University in the twenty-first century are analyzed. It is emphasized on the issue of interest, recording, study, preservation and popularization of folklore by scientists of Kyiv University and their struggle to preserve national identity during the activity of Kyiv University. Conclusions. To sum up, the author states that the science of folklore at Kyiv University has been the subject of interest of scholars and teachers since its foundation and, having originated at the level of a research idea (M. Maksymovych, M. Kostomarov, M. Drahomanov, V. Antonovych), emerged as a subject area of teaching (A. Loboda, P. Popov, M. Hrytsai), developed and established itself as a scientific school (L. Dunaievska, O. Talanchuk, V. Boiko, L. Kopanytsia, S. Rosovetskyi, O. Ivanovska, O. Naumovska, and others) with a unified research program and strong training of professional specialists in the field.

ИКОНОПИСЬ КАК (НЕ)КАНОНИЧЕСКОЕ ИСКУССТВО: "ЦЕНЗУРА КОЛЛЕКТИВА" ИЛИ "КАНОН"

The author analyses the popular idea of Byzantine and Russian medieval iconography as a “canonical” art that used to be “canonical”, traditional, rarely subject to change, based on clear visual patterns and authoritative texts, clearly reflecting the Orthodox dogma. Such views are widespread in modern culture and mass media. They circulate not only in popular science, but also in the research literature. The article shows that the concept of “canonicity” in relation to iconography is constructed according to various criteria and the term itself appears to be vague and of little operational. The author focuses on various definitions of the “canon” that are found in scientific, popular literature and on the Internet. In conclusion, it is stated that iconography is a visual language, that is better analyzed with the help of terms used in folkloristic studies – variability, plasticity, ‘censorship of the group’. Having a wide arsenal of traditional (preserved and reproduced in a particular tradition) elements – visual methods, iconographic themes, motifs, figures and signs – and having no prescribed rules and regulations, the iconographic story used to be built and structured in different ways, modernized and varied. All that brings iconography and folklore together and provides new approaches to the analysis of the visual language of Christian art.

“The Way It Is”: Land Preservation and the Culture of White Wealth in Lyme, Connecticut

Abstract: This essay is a critical folklore study of the culture of White wealth and its impact upon land preservation practices in the town of Lyme, Connecticut. On the one hand, it seeks to provide an example of research into White elite culture that Anand Prahlad recently called for in folklore studies. On the other hand, it is a contemporizing of research conducted in Connecticut in the 1950s by sociologist Frank Lee, and a contribution to allied scholarship that addresses problematic land preservation practices and their relation to “soft” racism. This article focuses especially on the public statements of the Lyme Democratic Town Committee and the Lyme Land Conservation Trust, arguing that such expressions should be considered viable forms of folklore. I provide an immanent critique of both organizations and criticize their failure and lack of accountability to perform values they publicly declare as essential to their core mission. I further critically analyze a specific case study that unfolded in 2021 in Lyme concerning open space. Although a study of folklore, this essay is composed with the non-specialist in mind and encourages organizations dedicated to social justice and equity to foster increased collaboration with folklorists.

Ivo Stolařík's contribution to the research into the musical culture of northeast Moravia and Czech Silesia

Ivo Stolařík was certainly the most important researcher in the field of music-historical and ethnographic research in northeast Moravia and "Czech" Silesia. The authors of the study evaluate the lifelong contribution of this scholar to music history and folklore studies. Stolařík was the first (before the arrival of other musicologists in Ostrava in the second half of the 20th century, graduates of musicology from the universities in Brno or Olomouc, such as Vladimír Gregor, Miroslav Malura, Karel Boženek and others) to begin to systematically research the musical culture of the wider Ostrava region. This was firstly in the Department of Musicology of the Silesian Study Institute in Opava (from 1958 the Silesian Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences) where he virtually laid the foundations for systematic research into the musical culture of the region. Stolařík was very active both in scientific publishing and in his other jobs, as Director of the Ostrava State Philharmonic (renamed the Janáček Philharmonic in 1971), A&R Specialist of the Supraphon record label in Prague, and before his retirement at the Wallachian Open Air Museum in Rožnov pod Radhoštěm. The paper also presents analytical probes into Stolařík's two most important monographs, Umělecká hudba v Ostravě 1918–1938 (Art Music in Ostrava 1918–1938) and Hrčava. Monografie goralské obce ve Slezsku (Hrčava. A Monograph of a Goral Village in Silesia).

Жанровые особенности песен и благопожеланий в свадебной обрядности алтайцев

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the genre elements present in Altai songs and wedding well-wishes. The relevance is due to the lack of research on the poetics of wedding genres in Altai folklore in modern folklore studies. The novelty is identifying the functions and semantics of wedding songs and good wishes in the wedding rituals of the Altai people. During Altai wedding ceremonies, oral wishes and songs, known as jaŋar, are performed at every wedding stage. The distinctive characteristic of these genres is their strong association with ritual actions. Songs are an integral part of various ceremonies, including matchmaking, weddings, the bride’s procession, braiding, and rituals in the house of the bride’s parents. Good wishes are predominantly sung during the blessing ceremony. In terms of genre pragmatics, wedding songs and good wishes play a role in blessing a young family and honoring the parents of the bride and groom. The functional and semantic feature of wedding songs and good wishes of the Altaians is the affirmation of moral and ethical values and principles of living in society. The objective world of the Altai wedding is filled with symbolic meanings determined by their role in the ritual. The analysis of wedding songs and good wishes revealed the wide range of artistic and stylistic techniques employed in language, encompassing both formal and semantic aspects to convey specific conceptual ideas.