Folk Proverbs Research Articles

Coverage of National Spirit and Expression in the Translations of Uzbek Stories and Narratives

This article explores the problems of reflecting the national spirit and specific modes of expression in the process of translation using the example of the English translation of the famous work of the Uzbek writer Gafur Ghulam “The Naughty Boy”. During the study, a comparative analysis of the text of the original work and its translation is carried out, assessing such aspects as the main criteria that determine the quality of translation - the preservation of the plot and composition, the issuance of national realities and phraseological units, the author’s style and the degree of reflection of the individuality of character speech. According to the results of the analysis, although the general content and artistic features of the work have been successfully restored in the translation of “The Naughty Boy”, problems are visible in the translation of certain national features, including realities, folk proverbs and phrases characteristic of the Uzbek lifestyle and mentality.

THE USE OF SOMATIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN KARAKALPAK FOLK PROVERBS

This article discusses somatic phraseological units in folk proverbs of Karakalpak folklore, that is, phraseological units that come with the names of the human body. At the same time, phraseological units are very effectively used in the Karakalpak language as a work of art and in the spoken language. We can see that they convey thoughts in a concise, direct, impressive, emotional-expressive way. This article analyzes somatic phraseological units in proverbs and sayings in a linguocultural aspect.

The National identity in Kurdish proverbs

Identity is intimately related to people’s understanding of “who they are,” “what they are,” and what matters to them. This understanding depends on a number of factors. Identity also creates similarities and differences between individuals or groups. In fact, the emergence of identity is the emergence of similarities and differences between oneself and the other. That is, when someone says I am that person, that family, that nation, he says I am different from this and that and the others. National identity is an individual's sense of affiliation with a nation. Geography has its impact on language and national identity. Without this geography, called the country, states, cultures and civilizations could not exist. Lifestyles, forms of communication and languages have emerged according to the areas in which people live. This research is entitled “National Identity in Kurdish Proverbs”. Through the study of the content of Kurdish folk proverbs, many of the characteristics of the national identity and civilizational characteristics of an important part of the population of Kurdistan, especially in the center and south, can be known. This includes familiarity with the customs and traditions and the nature of the economic, social and political situation. This research is an attempt to get to know the Kurds through the Kurds themselves, not foreigners. This paper aims to demonstrate this role. The aim of this study is to show the role and characteristics of proverbs as some examples of oral means of expressing Kurdish national identity, because proverbs are the wisdom of human experience and a mirror of culture, opinions, norms and lifestyles. For this purpose, the method of "descriptive, analytical" has been used to interpret the content of the proverbs that carry national identity.

THE ARTISTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSFORMED PROVERBS IN I. YUSUPOV’S POETRY

The article discusses the transformation of folk proverbs in the poetry of I. Yusupov. The poet’s mastery of proverbs, the artistic function of proverbs in poetic verses, is analyzed using examples.

STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COGNITIVE ASPECT OF THEORY OF MIND AND UNDERSTANDING IN ORAL LANGUAGE IN ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS DURING THE MIDDLE STAGE OF THE DISEASE

The ability to infer internal mental states through the behavior is related to the understanding of implicit language statements in interactive situations where the speaker’s intention is public.This study looked at that relationship by answering whether this association persists during aging and after Alzheimer’s. Apply some of the terms of the Theory of mind (Toma) battery and the Oral Language (OLTA) battery designed for the adult. A group of5 individuals with Alzheimer's disease during the middle stage. The results found that the impact relationship is not limited to the group of individuals below the age of maturity, but continues into old age. it would explain the nature of language and cognitive disorders in understanding metaphors such as folk proverbs and the attribution of mental states either through behavior or through language in intermediate Alzheimer’s patients. Keywords:Cognitive side, theory of mind, understanding, oral language, Alzheimer's.

Intertextuality with Folk Proverbs in Naguib Mahfouz's Novel “Cairo Modern”

Intertextuality with Folk Proverbs in Naguib Mahfouz's Novel “Cairo Modern”

FOLKLORE AND ETHNOGRAPHIC ROOTS OF FRANKO’S STORY “ON YURA SHYKMANIUK WADING THE CHEREMOSH”

In the cycle of Ivan Franko’s works on Hutsul themes, the story “On Yura Shykmaniuk Wading the Cheremosh” is particularly colorful. This piece of prose arose out of the author’s stunning experiences he enjoyed while staying in the village Kryvorivnia, a blessed corner of the Hutsul region. Even though the writer focused on elaborating the eternal theme of “the fight between the evil and the good in a human,” he also included numerous details from the local tradition, revealing a unique atmosphere of the Hutsul land. The regional folklore and ethnographic elements play a significant role in the arduous life story of the elderly Hutsul Yura Shykmaniuk. The moment of emotional climax when Yura Shykmaniuk desperately struggles in his heart trying to decide whether “to take the path of crime or not” is skillfully intensified by the writer citing the chronicle songs about the tragic life of an “opryshok” (brigand) Yura Drahariuk. The reference to the popular folklore text essentially explicates the emotional and psychological state of the protagonist, while also presenting a grim prospect of living one’s life as a murderer. Apart from direct quotes from the song, the author also pays close attention to unique ethnographic details. He highlighted the most outstanding features of the Hutsul family rituals. In particular, he depicted the local peculiarities of a funeral custom, with the trembita being the core of the ritual, tirelessly “bewailing the eternal memory” of the dead. The story also mentions some spirits from the Hutsul demonology. While writing “On Yura Shykmaniuk Wading the Cheremosh,” Franko was still accomplishing his work on the first volume of the series “Galician Ruthenian Folk Proverbs and Sayings.” Consequently, it’s no surprise that the text of the story abounds in samples of folk wisdom: the story is enriched with more than fifty aphoristic sayings. Numerous folklore and ethnographic elements incorporated into the story not only shape a relevant Hutsul context but also help in delineating its core ideas.

Symbolic meanings of numbers in proverbs

It is well known that in the oral tradition, literature, ethnography and worldview of the peoples of the world, the number system has a special significance. For this reason, their meanings in the text of the work have been specially studied in the field offolklore and literature. The article examines the proverbs of English and Karakalpak language and its functional-semantic features of the numbers encountered in the text of folk proverbs.

The Semiotics of the Title in the Diwan (Qadas Jasad) By the writer: Mona Bint Mohammed

The title is considered an essential element of literary text; it is the first threshold through which the reader enters the text. The title has evolved in literary text to become an independent science itself, and the first way to decipher the text and interpret it. It is considered a sign among the semiotic signs that appear at the beginning of the text, indicating its content as a whole. It is like a key that refers to the world of the text and becomes a reference for it. Given the importance of the title in literary texts, my study is dedicated to discussing the semiotics of the title in the collection "Qadas Jasad" by the writer (Mona Bint Mohammed), in an attempt to answer the following questions: - What is the semiotics of the title? To what extent does the semiotic approach apply to the collection "Qadas Jasad"? - What is the referential significance of the semiotics of the title in the collection? - Has the semiotic approach achieved different literary critical results? Research Objectives: My research study aims to achieve a set of objectives, the most important of which are: - Clarifying the nature of semiotics and the principles of modern semiotic methodology. - Presenting the most important contemporary semiotic trends and their characteristics. - Conducting a semiotic study of the title in the collection of poems "Qadas Jasad" and explaining the important dimensions included in the titles of the collection. - Explaining the semantic structure of the title by presenting the structural and semantic aspects of the title and revealing the relationship between the titles of the poems and their contents. Research Literature: The idea of the project came to support the connection between literature and society, as specialized studies in Najrani literature are very few, including: - The poetry movement in Najran during the Jahiliyyah and the early Islamic period, by Faiza Raddad Al-Otaibi, published by Najran Literary Club in 1430 AH (published master's thesis). - Games for boys in ancient Arabic poetry and their connection to games in the Najran region in modern times, Dr. Essam Mohammed Qubaisi, Dr. Zuhair bin Hassan Al-Amri, Journal of the Faculty of Dar Al-Uloom at Al-Fayoum University, 2014. - Folk proverbs in the Najran region: An objective study, Dr. Zuhair bin Hassan Al-Amri, Journal of the Faculty of Dar Al-Uloom at Cairo University, 2016. - Yazid bin Abdul Madaan Al-Najrani: His political role and literary heritage between two eras, Dr. Awad bin Abdullah bin Nahi, Dr. Essam Mohammed Qubaisi, Journal of Bisha University for Humanities, 2022. Methodology of Research: In my research, I have adopted the semiotic approach; because the title is a semiotic sign that needs to be explored in terms of its dimensions and meanings; through: deconstruction, interpretation, and analysis. Therefore, I have relied on both: the analytical method in analyzing the structural and semantic composition of the title, and the inductive method in extracting the relationship between the content of the poem and the title. Research Plan: I have divided my study into: - The first topic: The nature of semiotic methodology, its direction, and its origin. - The first subtopic: Definition of semiotic methodology in language and terminology. - The second subtopic: Semiotic directions. - The third subtopic: The emergence of semiotics in contemporary critical studies. - The second topic: The title and its functions. - The first subtopic: Definition of "title" in language and terminology. - The second subtopic: The importance, types, and functions of the title. - The third topic: The semiotics of the title in the Diwan (Qadas Jasad). - The first subtopic: The structural organization of the title in the Diwan (Qadas Jasad). - The second subtopic: The semantic structure of the title in the Diwan (Qadas Jasad). - Then the conclusion, which includes the most important results. Then the books and references. - The first topic: The nature of semiotic methodology, direction, and origin.

A Reading of the Narrative Language in Diwan (For whom the Birds Sing - Leman Toghany Al Toyoor)

This study is concerned with the search for narrative language in the Diwan (for whom the birds sing); the idea of research based on the study of the mechanisms and elements of the narrative, used by the poet in the poems of the Diwan, and the extent of the poeticty of the narrative structures in the Diwan? The study's underlying approach is the analytical descriptive approach; to reveal narrative language in the Diwan, and to clarify the elements and mechanisms of the narrative: (time, place, events, characters, dramatic conflict). Through this study, I have tried to answer the following problems: What buildings and linguistic phenomena did the poet rely on to build her narrative poetry language? What narrative mechanisms did the poet use in shaping their texts?  To what extent is the Najrani dialect used in the Diwan? Was the poet able to reach her narrative language into poetry? Research goals: By answering research problems; at the end, I aim to:  Study Diwan (For whom the birds sing) narrative study. - Disclosure of the poet's use of narrative language; Through the extrapolation of narrative mechanisms in the Diwan's poems. Illustrate the extent of narrative language poeticity in narrative structures in the Diwan. Research literature: The idea of the project has come to support the link between literature and society, where studies specializing in the Najrani literature are almost too few, and from it: Najran Poetry Movement in Pre- Islamic times and the beginning of Islam, Fayza Radad al-Uteibi, Najran Literary Club 1430 AH (Master's thesis published). Boys' games in ancient Arabic poetry and the extent to which they are associated with Najran games in modern times, Dr. Essam Muhammad Qabisi, Dr. Zuhair bin Hassan Al-Amri, Journal of the Faculty of Dar Al-Ulum of the University of Fayoum, 2014. Folk proverbs in the Najran region: an objective study, Dr. Zuhair bin Hassan Al-Omari, Journal of the Faculty of Dar Al-Ulum, Cairo University, 2016. Zaid bin Abdul Madan Al-Najrani: His political role and literary heritage between two times, Dr. Awad bin Abdullah bin Nahi, d. Essam Muhammad Qubaisi, Journal of the University of Pesha for Humanities, 2022. Research methodology: In my research, I relied on the descriptive approach to the definition of narrative poetry and the analytical approach to clarifying elements of the narrative in the poems of the Diwan; through analysis of narrative structures in the Diwan. Search Plan: Introduction: A brief overview of the writer, Noha Ali.  The first section: Definition of narrative, and the poetic mechanisms of narrative structures. The second topic: the poetic mechanisms of narrative in the self-presence, and the movement of characters in the poems of the Diwan. Third topic: The mechanisms of narrative poetry in (time, space) in the Diwan. Fourth topic: Poetry Mechanisms of Dramatic Attendance in (Conflict, Dramatic Monologue) in the Diwan. The conclusion: with the most important findings and recommendations, then books and references.

Ideological representations of women in Jordanian folk proverbs from the perspective of cultural semiotics

This study analyses the semiotics of proverbs by presenting the ideological portrayals of women in Jordanian folk proverbs. The content analysis of the proverbs shows that women are represented both positively and negatively, though they are preponderantly depicted negatively in the majority of the analysed proverbs. They are represented negatively as a symbol of feebleness, foolishness, disgrace, cunning, deception, jealousy and reproduction. Few are the proverbs that elevate the status of women, and if they do, it is on the condition that they are confined to particular restricted gender roles, such as mothers, sisters, wives and daughters providing kindness, help, motivation, and comfort to others. The findings uncover how socially dominant ideologies can influence the way power is practiced in the context of gender relations. They also show the immense significance of such proverbs as a social discourse that has been long used for perpetuating gendered roles and constructing and interpreting related realities, thus affecting social structures and relationships. The inferiority of women constitutes the basis of their assigned roles and responsibilities in various life domains. The proverbs have the ideological indexicals of underestimating women, showing their position in society and also reminding them of their roles.

Indigenous Knowledge in Esan Proverbs of Edo State Nigeria

The Esan people are an ethnicity in the Edo state of Nigeria. Their language and culture are a subset of the larger Edo ethnic group in Nigeria. A close study of the Esan indigenous knowledge and culture reveals that the appeal of the Esan folk proverbs is in their eclectic nature because of their portrayal of diverse issues in the Esan cosmology and belief system, ranging from folk art to traditional health care beliefs and practices. This finding suggests that the subject of Esan proverbs deserves some scholarly attention. This article, therefore, examines the nature of Esan proverbs even as they perform their didactic and pedagogical functions in contemporary Esan parlance. By its nature, this study adopted a combination of research approaches, which included content analysis, library searches, and ethnographic methods such as interviews and observations. In the ethnographic study of a specific Nigerian with a focus on its proverbs, this paper’s research light shall beam over the five local government areas (LGAs) populated by the Esan people in the Edo State of Nigeria. Apart from its potential for insightful scholarship, the significance of this study on Esan proverbs also lies in the fact that inquiries into the indigenous knowledge system (IKS) portray folk proverbs as veritable windows into the culture and essence of a people. Indigenous knowledge has much more impact on contemporary society than people know.

Elementi pučke pragmatike u bosanskim poslovicama

This paper discusses the views on pragmatic subjects explicitly mentioned or implied in Bosnian folk proverbs. For the purposes of the research, three collections of proverbs were analyzed: Narodno blago by M. K. Ljubušak (1887), Na nebu paučina by V. Gunić (1999) and Krajiške izreke i poslovice by A. Sijamhodžić (2017). In these collections many proverbs that deal with pragmatic subjects are recorded. Such proverbs are cited and commented upon in the central part of the paper. They mostly refer to the effects of language use, language as a sign of personality or identity, appropriateness, indirectness, politeness, speech acts (primarily promises, advice and compliments) and co-operation (Grice’s Cooperative Principle, its maxims, and hedges).

Morwa biała (Morus alba L.) w ujęciu naukowym i kulturowym. Od jedwabnictwa do papieru

White mulberry (Morus alba L.) in scientific and cultural terms. From silk to paper Sericulture dates back to ancient China. Today it is defined as a branch of agriculture dealing with the cultivation of mulberry for the purpose of silkworm farming and the production of silk. Due to the fact that the mulberry silkworm larvae eat white mulberry leaves, it is a plant inextricably linked with silkworm farming and, consequently the production of silk. Although white mulberry is mainly associated with the cultivation of mulberry silkworms, thanks to its numerous and unique properties, it is a plant that can be used in various branches of the economy, as well as a research object of interest to scientists representing various fields of science. Thanks to the content of many bioactive substances, micro- and macroelements and vitamins, it has been used in herbal medicine, pharmacology and medicine. The richness of bioactive compounds makes it also an attractive raw material for the food and cosmetic industry. At the same time, due to its high energy value, mulberry belongs to the group of energy crops. Both the unique properties of mulberry and the traditions associated with its cultivation have made it a plant appreciated not only by science, but also left its mark in culture, as it has accompanied people for centuries. It is not surprising, therefore, that mulberry was recorded in poems, folk proverbs and on painting canvases, including the most famous brush by Vincent van Gogh – “Mulberry Tree in Autumn”. On the other hand, the processing of mulberry silkworm cocoons into high-quality yarns, and ultimately into delicate but durable fabrics, had a significant impact on the development of art. Both in terms of the so-called applied arts, but also those referred to as beaux-arts. And although the definitions of art have changed throughout history – regardless of period or era – silk was invariably appreciated by artists and craftsmen. Thanks to its properties, quality and aesthetics, silk fiber offers a wide range of possibilities for use in papermaking, which is also important in the cultural context.

Вариативность пословиц и поговорок (на примере лезгинского материала)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the variability of Lezghi folk proverbs and sayings. We consider the features of the phenomenon of variability in the aphoristic genre of Lezghins. Particular attention is paid to cases of variation and interchange, since variability is one of the main conditions for the existence of folklore works. The purpose of the work is to indicate and designate not only similarities, but also differences in the corpus of proverbial variants, which will allow us to first systematically and typologically describe the variability of the aphoristic genre. The paremiological fund of Lezghins presents traditional versions of proverbs and sayings. One of the main distinguishing features of proverbs, along with tradition, is variability and variability. It is noted that the variability of a number of proverbs can be correlated with the semantics of words and the types of their transformation. It is proved that the variants preserve the compositional-semantic integrity of the verbal unit. To establish structural patterns in specific variants, it is necessary to have a theoretically substantiated idea of the variation processes. It is possible to build a typology of variability only if one has a large corpus of factual material. The material of the study was proverbs and sayings from dictionaries and folklore collections. Considered more 15 000 proverbs were examined, from which the corresponding samples were extracted by the method of continuous sampling. We divided proverbs and sayings into separate groups based on their logical structure. We have analyzed the following forms of proverbial transformation: contamination and rethinking of the informative part, as well as reduction (reduction, truncation) and expansion (strengthening) of the constituent part. The proposed analysis can be considered as a statement of the problem that requires further more thorough development.

The portrayal of women in Jordanian proverbial expressions: A thematic analysis

Abstract Proverbial expressions are linguistic elements that represent the images and values of a society. This study examines the portrayal of women in Jordanian proverbial expressions. It attempts to answer the following question: How are women portrayed in Jordanian folk proverbs? To this end, seventy-eight Jordanian proverbs related to women were collected through interviews and from published folklore books. Employing thematic analysis, the data were classified into eight categories, namely, women as wives, unmarried women, women as mothers, women as daughters, widowed women, divorced women, women as relatives-in-law and women in general. The analysis also shows that women are represented both negatively and positively in all categories. However, the negative image of women depicted in the proverbs exceeds the positive one. Based on the conclusions, some future research was suggested.

Phraseological Units with a Numeral Component in English and Ukrainian: A Comparative Aspect

It has been proven that phraseology is a linguistic science of phraseological units, which are stable, differently shaped units of language with a fixed meaning, constant composition, and indecomposable structure. Phraseology covers both a set of expressive means of language that are equivalent to words and a special language level whose units are not equivalent to words but only correlate with them. This understanding of a phraseological unit allows us to include in phraseology many clichés inherent in different literary styles, as well as literary quotations, catchphrases, folk proverbs, and sayings. However, such a definition of phraseology is not rigid enough, since it does not consider the structural and semantic differences between all types of phraseological units. It has been proven that phraseological units with numerals as secondary units represent deviations from the traditional structure and semantics of the original word combinations. The study of surface and deep structures is relevant, given the current importance of cognitive research and the explication of the nature of the human factor. Recognition of cognitive significance is quite relevant for their adequate reproduction in the target languages. They are characterized by linguistic stability and formal and semantic integrity. These units belong to linguistic constructions with the appropriate structure, semantics, and pragmatics. In contrast to variable phrases, these polysemous units are marked by bipolarity - open processes of convergence and divergence.

ART OF UZBEK FOLK PROVERBS

The article is dedicated to clarifying the artistic features of Uzbek folk proverbs. It is based on the active use of art such as iyjoz, ruju', kinoya, ishtiqoq, tazod, muqobala, majoz, which serve to strengthen and emphasize the meaning of folk proverbs.

TOPIC GROUPS AND SEMANTICS OF UZBEK FOLK PROVERBS

Proverbs, proverbs, proverbs and sayings are samples of folk oral creativity that have been transferred from one language to another over the years and become the cultural heritage of the nation. These proverbs reflect not only the history, lifestyle, and worldview of the people, but also their sorrows, worries, and dreams. Proverbs are national-cultural units that allow a deeper understanding of people's outlook and mentality. This article shows the thematic groups, semantics and structure of Uzbek folk proverbs.

Вклад Наки Исанбета в изучение Золотой Орды

Research objectives: To systematize information about the contribution of the Tatar scholar and encyclopedist Naki Isanbet (1899–1992) to the study of the history and culture of the Golden Horde and the popularization of this knowledge among the Tatars.. Research materials: Folklore materials, scientific works, and literary works of Naki Isanbet served as the basis of the study. Cultural-historical, semiotic-culturological, comparative, and other research methods, chosen based on the nature of the analyzed text, were used. Novelty of the research: a comprehensive analysis of Naki Isanbet’s contribution to the study of the Golden Horde and the popularization of this information among the Tatars. Results of the research: The work proves that this scholar and encyclopedist began to seriously develop the theme of the Golden Horde in the late 1920s. Based on the analysis of archival materials, the chronicle of the work of Naki Isanbet on the creation of consolidated texts of the dastans “Idukai and Muradym” and “Idegey” is reconstructed. The scientific value of introductory scientific articles to these textual works and his comments is revealed. Information on the history of the creation of the tragedy “Idegey” by N. Isanbet and the history of its existence on the Tatar stage is systematized. The contribution of the folklorist to the study of the work of the Chichyans of the Golden Horde and the popularization of information about their activities in the comedy “Cirän çiçän belän Qaraçäç sılu” (“Red-haired mocker and his black-haired beauty”) is determined. The proportion of folk proverbs, riddles, phraseological units in the folklore collections of N. Isanbet aimed at popularizing information about the Golden Horde among a wide readership has been revealed.