ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕТИЧНОГО ПРОЯВУ МОРАЛІ КИЯН ХІХ СТОЛІТТЯ (ЗА П'ЄСАМИ І. НЕЧУЯ-ЛЕВИЦЬКОГО "НА КОЖУМ'ЯКАХ", "ГОЛОДНОМУ Й ОПЕНЬКИ – М'ЯСО")

Abstract

The article analyzes the binary position of folk and bourgeois morality, the ethical features of the behavior of Kyivan residents in the 19th century, using the example of the dramatic works "On the Kozhumyaki" and "For hungry person honey mushrooms like meat", by classic of Ukrainian literature I. Nechuy-Levytsky. Kyiv city loci in the comedies of I. Nechuy-Levytsky are a means of historical, realistic and everyday depiction of the city landscape. The plays combined tendencies towards objectivity, locality and concreteness - social, ethnographic, geographical (places of Kyiv: Kozhumyaki, Hlybochytsia, Podil, Lypky, etc.) and moral with the author's desire for a realistic description of various aspects of Kyiv life, a depiction of Kyiv urban world in relief-plastic images of drama, ridiculing the arrogance, cunning and ambition of individual representatives of Kyiv society. The article examines the way in which the classic of Ukrainian prose conveyed the atmosphere of the city of Kyiv in the 19th century, showed the customs and ethics of Kyivans through stage means. Thanks to the humorous description of some characters, the author showed moral flaws in the life of the city. With realistic completeness, I. Nechuy-Levytsky recreated the Ukrainian types of Kyiv burghers, who have a secure financial position compared to petty officials, who, in turn, neglect the commandments of morality and try to arrange their lives at the expense of the burghers or pay off their debts, like Svyrid Hostrohvosty. Like the representatives of the "common people" – Kyivans without ranks and large fortunes, the townspeople and petty officials of the city do not shy away from simple folk proverbs, but are ambitious and demonstrate their own pride. We interpret two plays by I. Nechuy-Levytsky, in which, through the actions and lines of the characters, the facets of morality and ethical positions of various representatives of Kyiv city society are reflected: officials, townspeople, and ordinary people in Kyiv. These two dramatic works have not yet been studied in Ukrainian literary studies from the standpoint of describing the life of the city at that time.