Foliar Application Of Urea Research Articles

Effect of Nitrogen Rates, Biofertilizers and Foliar Urea Application on Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays, L.)

Effect of Nitrogen Rates, Biofertilizers and Foliar Urea Application on Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays, L.)

Effects of spacing and foliar application of urea on proliferation of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis)

Effects of spacing and foliar application of urea on proliferation of Bermuda grass (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> L. Pers. × <i>Cynodon transvaalensis</i>)

Foliar Fertilization for Enhancing Yield and Fruit Quality of Apple under Rain-Fed Conditions of Mid-Himalayas

A participatory experiment was conducted to assess the effect of foliar application of urea and Agromin on apple. Agromin is a commercial formulation of micronutrients containing mineral elements comprising of optimum proportion of zinc, copper, manganese, boron, molybdenum and magnesium. The experiment was conducted at three different sites at altitudes between 1800 to 2200 m above mean sea level. Thirteen to fifteen years old, uniform trees of cultivar Royal Delicious were applied with treatments viz. Urea @ 0.5% (T1), Agromin @ 0.25% (T2), Urea @ 0.5% + Agromin @ 0.25% (T3), Urea @ 1.0% (T4) and Urea @ 1.0% + Agromin @ 0.25% (T5). Urea and Agromin sprays were done between tight to pink cluster stage of growth. These treatments were compared to control plants which were applied the recommended doses of Nitrogen. Results showed that vegetative growth was significantly influenced by the application of urea and agromin. Application of Urea @1.0% + Agromin 0.5% (T5) resulted in highest plant height (29.17 cm), girth (1.10mm), shoot extension growth (45.25cm) and tree spread (14.23 cm) which was at par with treatment T4. Maximum fruit length (6.71cm), diameter (5.57cm), fruit weight (88.41g) and total yield per plant were recorded in the treatment T5 (Urea @1.0% + Agromin 0.5%) followed by the treatments T3(Urea @0.5% + Agromin @ 0.25%) and T1 (Urea 0.5%). The highest benefit: cost ratio (2.80) was obtained in the treatment T5 (Urea 1.0% + Agromin 0.25%). The lowest B: C ratio (2.45) was observed in Control due to the lowest number of large and medium grade fruits.

Growth and yield response of bitter gourd to foliar applied urea under different irrigation levels

Abstract In order to examine the growth and yield response of bitter gourd to foliar applied urea at different concentrations and irrigation at various frequencies, the experiment was conducted during 2016 using 3 replicated Randomized Complete Block Design at Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. Irrigation was applied at weekly interval (T1), Irrigation at 10 days interval (T2), T2+foliar urea @ 1.5% (T3), T2+foliar urea @ 3% (T4), Irrigation at 15 days interval (T5), T5 + foliar urea @ 1.5% (T6), T5 + foliar urea @ 3% (T7). The results revealed that Irrigation at 10 days interval + foliar urea at 3.0% conc.proved to be an optimum treatmentand resulted in 144.95 cm vine length, 19.96 cm fruit length, 17.45cm diameter of fruit, 79.95 g average fruit weight, 8.95 number of fruits vine-1, 739.00 g weight of fruits vine-1 and 9199.7 kg ha-1 fruit yield. The irrigation at 10 days interval + foliar application of urea (1.5%)ranked 2nd; irrigation at 15 days interval + foliar urea (3.0%)ranked 3rd; irrigation at 15 days interval + foliar urea (1.5%)ranked 4th; while weekly (control), 10 days,15 days irrigation interval without foliar applied urea ranked 5th, 6th and 7th respectively. The values for all the growth and productivity of bitter gourd were markedly increased with foliar application of urea, particularly at higher concentration. It was concluded that for acghieving desired yield performance of bittergourd the crop may be irrigted at 10 days interval + foliar application of urea at 3.0% conc. Keyword: Bitter gourd; Irrigation; Urea conc.; Yield http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.700163

Influence of foliar application of phenylalanine and urea at two doses to vineyards on grape volatile composition and amino acids content

The aim was to study the effect of phenylalanine (Phe) and urea (Ur) foliar applications to vines at two dosages on grape volatile and amino acid content. Results showed that the foliar application of both dosages of phenylalanine and the highest dose of Ur favored the synthesis of the aromatic positive compounds, decreasing the presence of C6 compounds in the grapes. Total amino acid content was not modified by the treatments. The treatment that most affected the concentration of amino acids was the lowest dose of Ur, increasing the content of seven amino acids. Phe applications increased the concentration of this amino acid. Therefore, foliar treatments with Phe and Ur were a suitable tool to improve grape volatile composition without affecting grape total nitrogen content.

Influence of late season foliar application of urea, boric acid and zinc sulfate on nitrogenous compounds concentration in the bud and flower of Hayward kiwifruit

Abstract Proper management of late season mineral nutrition and improving nitrogenous reserves in kiwifruit vines can result in efficient growth and yield in the following season. This experiment investigated the influence of late season foliar application type and time on the content of total nitrogen, total protein, total free amino acid, and individual amino acids of bud and flower and consequently vegetative and reproductive growth of Hayward kiwifruit in next spring. The orchard was located in Vajargah, Guilan province, Iran, with an average annual rainfall and temperature 1147 mm and 15.7 °C, respectively. Foliar application of mineral nutrients included urea (0.25%, 0.5% and 1%), zinc sulfate (1000, 1500 and 2000 mg l−1) and boric acid (500, 1000 and 1500 mg l−1) alone and in combined treatments as urea (0.25%) + H3BO3 (500 mg l−1) + ZnSO4 (1000 mg l−1); urea (0. 5%) + H3BO3 (1000 mg l−1) + ZnSO4 (1500 mg l−1); urea (1%) + H3BO3 (1500 mg l−1) + ZnSO4 (2000 mg l−1). The experimental treatments were conducted in 8 years old kiwifruit vines in late growing season. To determine appropriate time for late season foliar application, fertilization was performed in middle September, early and late October, 96, 75 and 54 days before the beginning of the winter dormancy, respectively. Samples were taken from buds at two stages: before leaf abscission and again during dormancy. Flower sampling was taken at the full bloom stage. Results indicated that 33.65 and 35.75 percentages of increases in dormant bud and flower nitrogen concentrations were achieved by combined foliar application of urea (1%), zinc sulfate (2000 mg l-1) and boric acid (1500 mg l-1) compared to control vines. Moreover, urea (1%) + H3BO3 (1500 mg l−1) + ZnSO4 (2000 mg l−1) treatment increased total protein, free amino acid and most individual amino acid concentration in analyzed tissue, however this significantly consistent elevation in almost all measured parameters was not found in other fertilization treatments. Interestingly, this treatment improved 14.51% leaf area and 22.21% fruit seed number in next growing season compared to control vines. Considering all measured parameters, late October was the best late season foliar application time. Based on our findings, late season mineral foliar application, especially urea (1%) + H3BO3 (1500 mg l−1) + ZnSO4 (2000 mg l−1), in late October can improve all nitrogenous compounds concentration in bud and flower tissues, as well as increase seed number and consequently fruit weight and grower income in the next growing season.

The Effect of Foliar Application of Urea and Iron Chelate on Fruit Set,Yield, Quality and Nutritional Indices of Grape

The Effect of Foliar Application of Urea and Iron Chelate on Fruit Set,Yield, Quality and Nutritional Indices of Grape

Organic and inorganic nitrogen effects on spore production and mycelial growth of Neonectria ditissima in vitro

Nitrogen (N) is known to influence the growth of Neonectria ditissima (N.d.), the causal organism of European canker. In vitro, inorganic N inhibits conidia germination at N concentrations above 0.2 mol/L while, in planta, foliar urea application increased disease expression of leaf scar wounds up to nine-fold. The influence of organic and inorganic N sources on mycelial growth and spore production of N.d. in vitro was investigated. Four organic and six inorganic N sources were tested on agar at concentrations of N between 0 and 0.2 mol/L, with 3 different N.d. isolates. Spore production was generally increased by the addition of low concentrations of N, with varying results at higher concentrations dependent on the N source; however, this also differed among N.d. isolates. Spore production was generally incompletely inhibited at the higher N concentrations tested. However, germination from the resulting conidia decreased, possibly due to morphological changes to the spores. Mycelial growth generally decreased with the addition of N. Understanding the N effect in planta will be further complicated by the physiological plant-N and plant-pathogen interaction processes.

The influence of foliar application of urea, zinc chelate and boric acid on growth characteristics, photosynthesis and survival of date palm offshoots (Phoenix dactylifera cv. Mazafati)

The influence of foliar application of urea, zinc chelate and boric acid on growth characteristics, photosynthesis and survival of date palm offshoots (Phoenix dactylifera cv. Mazafati)

Effects of foliar application of urea and potassium chloride on some physicochemical properties of “Damson ”plum fruits

Effects of foliar application of urea and potassium chloride on some physicochemical properties of “Damson ”plum fruits

Foliar application of boron, urea and GA3 influences earliness of curd production in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica ) which belongs to Brassicaceae family, is an Italian vegetable, native to Mediterranean region. Although broccoli is not so popular yet in Jharkhand, it is slowly gaining popularity during the last few years among the consumers due to its nutritional value including flavour, taste, carotenoids and anticancerous properties. Among the entire cole family, broccoli is rated as most remunerative. To assess the impact of foliar spray of boron, Urea and GA 3 on earliness in curd production of broccoli cv. FIESTA under Ranchi condition, experiments were carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand during winter season of 2013-14 and 2014-15, The experiment was done in Randomized Block Design having sixteen different treatments with three replications. It was recorded that various treatments have influenced the days to curd initiation, days to 50% of curd initiation, days to curd maturity. In general it was recorded that urea application @ 1.0% and 1.5% had advanced the days of initiation and maturity of the curd. Spray of GA 3 at different concentrations of 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 75 ppm had influenced the earliness of the curd positively. GA 3 @ (75 ppm) in combination of urea @ (0.5%) and Boron @ (2%) however enhanced the earliness maximum.

Growth and yield of garlic as influenced by foliar application of urea and micronutrients

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2014–15 to study the effect of foliar spray of different levels of urea (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) in combination with micronutrients such as ZnSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4 each at 0.5% and CuSO4 at 0.2%. Urea and micronutrients along with sticker were applied at 30, 45 and 60 days after planting. Total seventeen treatment combinations including control were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The cloves of garlic cv. HG-17 were planted at a spacing of 15×10 cm in a plot size of 3.0×3.0 m. Foliar feeding of 0.5% zinc sulphate in combination with 1.5% urea three times at 15 days interval gave superior results with respect to measured parameters. The maximum plant height (36.38 and 53.80 cm) at 30 and 60 days after planting, leaf length (28.17 cm), neck thickness (9.47 mm), number of cloves per bulb (37.17), clove length (25.05 mm), fresh and dry weight of individual clove (0.95 and 0.46 g), total plant biomass (44.40 g) and total bulb yield (155.51 q/ha) was registered with foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulphate in combination with 1.5% urea, followed by 2.0% urea application in combination with 0.5% zinc sulphate.

Growth and phytochemical composition of adhatoda zeylanica in response to foliar application of growth hormones and urea

Growth and phytochemical composition of adhatoda zeylanica in response to foliar application of growth hormones and urea

Effect of Foliar Applied Urea on Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

A field study was carried out during 2012-13 at Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan, geographically latitude 25？N and longitude 68？E, to assess the effect of foliar applied urea on the growth and yield of sunflower. The experiment was laid out in a three-replicated Randomized Complete Block Design. Five treatments were tested against sunflower variety Hysun-33 which included: T1= Control (no urea), T2 = Recommended urea soil applied (130 kg·ha﹣1) at sowing stage, T3 = 1% urea at 35 days after sowing, T4 = 1% urea at 60 days after sowing and T5 = 1% urea at 85 days after sowing. The results revealed that growth and yield characters as well as oil yield of sunflower were significantly (P 0.05); but differences were significant (P < 0.05) when compared with foliar application after 35 days of sowing and rest of the treatments.

The influence of foliar "feeding" of urea on yield and its components of Iranian hybrid rice Oryza sativa L. ‘Bahar 1’

Because of waterlogged conditions in rice cultivation, much of the surface-broadcasted urea dissolves in paddy water and is unreachable to the rice crop for this reason. A field experiment was conducted to estimate the influence of urea fertilisation on yield and yield components of hybrid rice ‘Bahar 1’. Three doses (N0, N10, N20 kg N ha-1) of nitrogen from urea sources were foliar-sprayed once at active tillering and booting stages. Grain yield, the number of panicles per unit area, and the number of grains per panicle in the tillering stage of rice were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) increased in a linear fashion when N rates increased from 0 to 20 kg ha-1. The rate of panicle fertility was negatively/positively influenced with increasing N rates in the tillering and booting stages, respectively, indicating the creation of more number of non/partial productive tillers per hill in the vegetative stage than in the reproductive stage. In line with panicle fertility (%), the grain yield was also significantly affected by N treatments with urea fertilisation in the booting stage. Maximum grain yield was obtained with the application of 20 kg N ha-1 at both the tillering and booting stages. Foliar spraying of urea at tillering (20 kg N ha-1) and booting (10 kg N ha-1) stages had a pronounced effect on achieving higher yields as compared to other combinations. The study suggests that foliar application of urea for hybrid rice cultivation might have a potential role in improving nitrogen use efficiency.

Late season mineral foliar application improves nutritional reserves and flowering of kiwifruit

Abstract Proper management of late season mineral nutrition in kiwifruit orchards is necessary to maintain sufficient carbohydrate and mineral reserves for efficient growth and yield in the following season. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the influence of urea (0.25%, 0.5% and 1%), zinc sulfate (1000, 1500 and 2000 mg l−1) and boric acid (500, 1000 and 1500 mg l−1) foliar application, both alone and combined, on physiological and biochemical characteristics and mineral nutrients concentration in leaf and bud tissues and, flowering of kiwifruit cv Hayward in Guilan, Iran during two years. In order to determine the best application time in late season, foliar application was applied at three different times: September 17, October7 and October 28. Leaf and bud samples were collected three weeks after the last foliar application. Although combined foliar application of urea (1%), zinc sulfate (2000 mg l−1) and boric acid (1500 mg l−1) significantly increased leaves chlorophyll concentration and boron, zinc, soluble carbohydrate and starch content of leaf and bud tissues in the fall, however this consistent elevation in almost all measured parameters was not found in other experimental fertilization treatments compared to control vines. Likewise, bud break, and flowering shoot percentage, and total number of flowers and abnormal flowers percentage was significantly improved in the following growth season by urea (1%), zinc sulfate (2000 mg l−1) and boric acid (1500 mg l−1) treatment in comparison with control group. There were no significant differences among the treated and non-treated vines regarding shoots growth, leaf abscission and the beginning of winter rest of the kiwifruit vines. Considering all measured parameters, we conclude October 28 was the best spraying time. These results suggest that urea (1%), zinc sulfate (2000 mg l−1) and boric acid (1500 mg l−1) treatment on October 28 can be used as a proper way to improve mineral and carbohydrate reserves of kiwifruit orchards to use in next growing season.

Effect of Foliar Applied Urea on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivium L.)

The aim of this study is to assess effect of foliar application of urea on growth and yield of wheat crop. The field experiment was conducted to observe the effect of foliar applied urea on growth and yield of wheat. The experiment was laid out in a three replicated randomized complete block design (RCBD) having net plot size 5×4m= (20 m2). The wheat verity TJ-83 (Tando Jam-83) was tested against six treatments of foliar applied urea such as (T1= control (sole water), T2=1%, T3= 2%, T4=3%, T5=4%, and T6=5%). Basal dose of phosphorus @ 84 kg ha-1 and nitrogen @ 120 kg ha-1 was applied at the time of sowing. The results indicated that the maximum plant height (97.1 cm), number of tillers plant-1 (10.0), spike length (12.4 cm), spikeletes spike-1 (22.5) number of grains spike-1 (65.4), grain weight spike-1 (26.4) seed index (73.2 g), straw yield (6275.3 kg ha-1) andgrain yield (5774.6 kg ha-1) was observed in foliar applied urea @ 5%. The results were statistically significant. However, foliar applied urea @ 4% was ranked 2nd and it was recorded the plant height (96.2 cm), number of tillers plant-1 (20.4), spike length (12.0 cm), spikeletes spike-1 (21.8) number of grains spike-1 (63.9), grain weight spike-1 (25.3) seed index (71.7 g), straw yield (6035.3 kg ha-1) and grain yield (5534. 6 kg ha-1). However the foliar applied urea @ 3%, 2% and 1% were also significantly affected on all the growth and yield traits of wheat, whereas, the lowest values were also recorded in control treatment in all the yield traits of wheat.

Foliar Applications of Urea and a Potent Growth Regulator Ameliorate Calyx-end Cracking in Persimmon

Foliar Applications of Urea and a Potent Growth Regulator Ameliorate Calyx-end Cracking in Persimmon

The effects of autumn foliar applications of boron and urea on flower quality, yield, boron and nitrogen reserves of apricot

ABSTRACTIn order to determine the effects of autumn foliar application of boron (B) and/or urea on abortive flower ratio, yield, fruit weight, total soluble solid (TSS) and B and nitrogen (N) contents of reserves of non-irrigated apricot trees, field experiments were carried out between 2009 and 2012 in Malatya province of Turkey. The application of B and/or urea stimulated perfect flower development, B and N accumulation and resulted in significant yield increase. Boron, urea and B+urea applications increased fruit yield by 33.1%, 26.1% and 26.9%, decreased abortive flower ratio by 34.6%, 27.1% and 35.9% compared to the control, respectively. In addition, B and N contents of wood, bark and buds of apricot trees were significantly increased by B and/or urea treatments. It was also observed that B and N contents were the highest in bud compared to wood and bark in all treatments. The highest B (16.53 ppm) and N (1.56%) contents were determined to buds in B+urea treatment. The results of this study suggest that autumn foliar B and/or urea application have the potential to decrease abortive flower ratio and increase the yield and B and N contents of reserves of apricot trees under non-irrigated conditions.

Interactive effect of drought and nitrogen on growth, some key physiological attributes and oxidative defense system in carrot (Daucus carota L.) plants

Exogenous application of nitrogen is an efficient means of enhancing plant stress tolerance through modulation of a number of physio-biochemical processes. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to assess the effectiveness of foliar applied nitrogen (100, 200 and 300mgL−1) on growth and some key physiological attributes in carrot plants under drought stress [50% field capacity (FC)]. Drought-induced increase was observed in leaf free proline and glycinebetaine (GB), as well as total phenolics. However, there was no significant effect on shoot and root dry weights, ascorbic acid, and MDA, but chlorophyll a and ratio of chlorophyll a/b significantly decreased under water deficit conditions. Foliar-applied urea as a source of nitrogen significantly increased the shoot and root dry weights, root length, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, leaf free proline, GB, total phenolics, activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes and contents of total soluble proteins, but it decreased chlorophyll a/b ratio. So overall, exogenously applied nitrogen particularly 300mgL−1 was very effective in improving the drought tolerance of carrot plants by enhancing the levels of chlorophyll pigments and up-regulating the oxidative defense system.