Foliar Application Of Urea Research Articles

Combination of seed priming and nutrient foliar application improved physiological attributes, grain yield, and biofortification of rainfed wheat.

Seed priming and foliar application are two crop management practices that can increase grain yield and quality. The research aimed to assess the influence of seed priming and foliar application on rainfed wheat. Two field experiments with two seed priming rates (control and priming) and five foliar applications [control, urea (4%), silicon (4 mM), FeSO4.7H2O (0.6%), and ZnSO4.7H2O (0.4%)] at the anthesis/Z61 stage were conducted. Seeds were primed for 12h at 25 ± 2°C, by soaking in an aerating solution [urea (20g L-1) + FeSO4.7H2O (50 ppm) + ZnSO4.7H2O (50 ppm) + silicon (20 mg L-1)]. Seed weight-to-solution volume ratio was 1:5 (kg L-1). A pot experiment was also conducted to examine the effect of priming on root growth. Overall, combined seed priming and foliar application induced a positive impact on physiological traits and attributes. Maximum chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid concentrations (1.58, 0.669, 2.24, and 0.61 mg g-1 FW), membrane stability index (77.31%), superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity (0.174 and 0.375 Unit mg-1 protein), 1,000-grain weight (35.30g), biological yield, grain yield (8,061 and 2,456 kg ha-1), and minimum malondialdehyde concentration (3.91 µg g-1 FW) were observed in seed priming combination with ZnSO4 foliar application. The highest glycine betaine concentration (6.90 mg g-1 DW) and proline (972.8 µg g-1 FW) were recorded with the co-application of seed priming and foliar urea spraying. Foliar application of ZnSO4, FeSO4, and urea drastically enhanced grain Zn (29.17%), Fe (19.51%), and protein content (increased from 11.14% in control to 12.46% in urea foliar application), respectively. Compared to control, seed priming increased root length, root volume, and dry mass root by 8.95%, 4.31%, and 9.64%, respectively. It is concluded that adequate Zn, Fe, silicon, and N supply through seed priming and foliar applications of these compounds at the terminal stage of rainfed wheat alleviates drought stress and improves GY and biofortification.

Response of Onion (Allium cepa L.) to Foliar Application of Nano Urea and Urea

A field study was conducted during Rabi season 2022at the Horticultural Research Farm, Mangalayatan University, Jabalpur to study the effect of foliar application of nano urea and urea on growth and yield of onion. The experiment was laid out in RBD with three replications and consisted of 9 treatments viz., T1-100% RDF (100:50:50 kg NPK ha1), T2-75:50:50 kg NPK ha-1 + foliar spray of 0.4% nano urea on 30 and 60 DAT, T350:50:50 kg NPK ha-1 + foliar spray of 0.4% nano urea on 30 and 60 DAT, T4-75:50:50 kg NPK ha-1 + foliar spray of 0.4% nano urea on 30 DAT, T5-50:50:50 kg NPK ha-1 + foliar spray of 0.4% nano urea on 30 DAT, T6-75:50:50 kg NPK ha-1 + foliar spray of 0.5% urea on 30 and 60 DAT, T7-50:50:50 kg NPK ha-1 + foliar spray of 0.5% urea on 30 and 60 DAT, T8-75:50:50 kg NPK ha-1 + foliar spray of 1% urea on 30 and 60 DAT, and T9-50:50:50 kg NPK ha-1 + foliar spray of 1% urea on 30 and 60 DAT. Each treatment showed their significant effects on the recorded growth and yield parameters. Among all the treatments, treatment T2 with 25% reduced nitrogen application plus foliar spray of 0.4% nano urea on 30 and 60 DAT recorded maximum plant height on 90 DAT (57.82 cm),number of leaves (9.13), equatorial diameter (5.51 cm), polar diameter (5.17), average bulb weight (69.56 g), bulb yield (336.40 kg) than other treatments.

Effects of shading, soil moisture, fertilizations and sowing time on isoflavone content of soybean seed in Hokkaido

ABSTRACT Aiming to produce soybean seeds with high yield and high isoflavone content in Hokkaido, which has cool weather, we evaluated the effects of shading, soil moisture, fertilizations (K,N,P,Mo) and sowing time on yield and seed isoflavone content using mainly a high-isoflavone variety, Yukipirika. Shading treatments of 50 % and 70 % during the seed filling stage in a greenhouse decreased both yield and isoflavone content. Applying four soil moisture treatments from pF 1.5 to pF 2.8 in the seed filling stage in a greenhouse gave a positive correlation between soil moisture and both yield and isoflavone content. K fertilization treatments with different amount and various types of fertilizers were conducted in fields at medium or high level of K2O in soils typical of Hokkaido uplands. The additional K treatments did not increase yield or isoflavone content significantly in the field experiments. N (urea foliar application) treatments in fields did not affect yield and isoflavone content significantly. And P (phosphite root application) and Mo (seed treatment) in fields did not change isoflavone content, either. Sowing two weeks and four weeks later than the standard sowing time in a field decreased the yield but did not change the isoflavone content. From a practical application perspective, for producing soybean seeds with high isoflavone contents and high yield in Hokkaido, it is effective to plant at a standard time with a normal amount of fertilizer in fields with minimum shade and to maintain the soil moisture at well-watered levels during the seed filling stage.

Comparative Efficacy of Foliar Plus Soil Application of Urea versus Conventional Application Methods for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Agronomic Efficiency, and Economic Benefits in Rice.

The experiment was conducted at the research field, Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur from December 2017 to May 2018 to find out the best treatment of foliar application of urea on the growth and yield of boro rice cv. BRRI dhan28. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments, laid out in a randomized complete block design in triplicate. The recommended doses (RD) of urea, TSP, MOP, gypsum, ZnSO4, and borax were applied during land preparation except for urea at 250, 75, 100, 75, 7, and 5 kg ha-1, respectively, where urea was applied as per treatment specification. The results revealed that the application of N fertilizer as foliage along with soil significantly influenced the growth, plant characteristics, and yield of BRRI dhan28. There was no significant difference between T8 (70% in soil and 10% as foliage) and T9 (100% in soil) treatment regarding the maximum panicle length (21.43 and 20.71 cm), fertile grains (117.40 and 113.30), total grains (134.40 and 130.97), 1000-grain weight (24.56 and 23.56 g), grain yield (5.91 and 5.74 t ha-1), straw yield (7.83 and 7.92 t ha-1), biological yield (13.74 and 13.66 t ha-1), and harvest index (43.01 and 42.02%), respectively, in this study. These results indicated that N fertilization as direct soil application (70%) and as foliage application (10%), i.e., 80% N fertilization, produced the highest grain yield and major yield traits which we received by 100% N fertilization as soil that was practiced traditionally by the farmers. The effect of overfertilization (T10) was not positive, producing the highest number of noneffective tillers and sterile grains (nonfilled grains). Therefore, it is possible to achieve an equivalent or more yield by saving 20% urea by the combination of soil (70%) and foliage (10%) application as compared to the traditional method of fertilizer application (100% in soil).

Effect of Iron and Urea Application on Iron Biofortification of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

ABSTRACT Agronomic biofortification with iron (Fe) may be a viable approach to combat the widespread deficiency of Fe in humans. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of Fe and urea foliar application on Fe biofortification in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). The field experiments were conducted at two locations viz. Ludhiana and Faridkot, India. Different treatment combinations of foliar spray of sole Fe (0.5% of FeSO4.7 H2O), sole urea (2% urea), and combined application of Fe and urea at flowering, pod formation, and flowering + pod formation stages along with unsprayed control were applied to lentil. The results of the study revealed that the combined foliar application of Fe and urea at flowering + pod formation stages was the most effective in enhancing grain yield, Fe and zinc (Zn) concentration in plants (at flowering as well as pod formation stage), stover and grain (whole and split). The highest Fe concentration in whole (36% higher over control) as well as split (32.9% higher over control) grain and protein content (21% higher over control) was obtained with foliar application of Fe + urea at flowering + pod formation stages. Conclusively, the combined foliar application of 0.5% FeSO4.7 H2O and 2% urea at flowering + pod formation stages may prove to be a feasible option for increasing grain yield and enrichment of lentils with Fe and Zn to combat micronutrient malnutrition in human populations.

Studies on the Effect of Nano-Urea on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Transplanted Rice

Rice is a staple crop that feeds a large section of the world's population, and conventional urea fertilisers have played an important role in increasing rice yields. However, nano urea, a game-changing invention in modern agriculture, represents a big step forward in terms of sustainable and efficient crop production. The experiment was carried out at wetlands farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during Navarai season, 2022 in a Randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications. The main objective is to enhancing the growth and yield of rice through foliar application of nano urea. The rice variety CO 55 was taken up for the study with the RDF of 150:50:50 NPK kg ha-1. The experimental details viz; T1 -100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) (150 kg N) through urea (25% each at basal, AT, PI and heading stage), T2 - 100% RDN (150 kg N) through urea (50% as basal+ two top dressing 25% each at AT & PI), T3 - 50% RDN (75 kg N) through urea (basal only) , T4 - 50% RDN (75 kg N) through urea (basal only) + two foliar sprays of nano urea at 20th and 40th DAT, T5 -50% RDN (75 kg N) through urea (basal only) + three foliar sprays of nano urea at 20th, 40th and 60th DAT, T6 -25% RDN (37.5 kg N) through urea (basal only) + three foliar sprays of nano urea at 20th, 40th and 60th DAT, T7 -Foliar sprays of nano urea at 20th 40th and 60th DAT (no basal application), T8 -Control (0% N). Based on the experimental results show that, among the treatments the higher plant height, leaf area index and yield should be obtained in the T5 treatment ie; reduced basal nitrogen application as 50%, with nano urea foliar spray.

Influence of Super Nano Urea and Nano DAP on Growth Parameters of Rice Fallow Cotton under High Density Planting System

The experiment was carried out at wetlands farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer, 2023 in a Randomized block design with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The main objective of this study is to find out the effect of varied dose of basal nitrogen & phosphorus and foliar application of conventional urea, super nano urea and nano DAP on rice fallow cotton under High Density Planting System (HDPS) on growth parameters. Cotton variety CO 17 was taken up for the study with RDF of 150:50:50 NPK Kg ha-1. The experimental details viz., T1- control (without N&P) K alone, T2- RDF (150:50:50 NPK Kg ha-1), T3- 50% RDN&P,100% K+ conventional urea @ 1% and nano DAP @ 0.5% at 25 DAS, T4- 50% RDN&P,100% K+ conventional urea @ 1% and nano DAP @ 0.5% at 25 DAS and 45 DAS, T5- 50% RDN&P,100% K+ SNU(Super Nano Urea) @ 0.25% and nano DAP @ 0.5% at 25 DAS (Days After Sowing) and 45 DAS, T6- 50% RDN&P,100% K+ SNU @ 0.25% and nano DAP @ 0.5% at 25 DAS, 45 DAS and 65 DAS, T7- 50% RDN&P,100% K+ SNU @ 0.5% and nano DAP @ 0.5% at 25 DAS and 45 DAS, T8- 25% RDN&P,100% K+ SNU @ 0.5% and nano DAP @ 0.5% at 25 DAS 45 DAS and 65 DAS, T9- 50% RDN&P,100% K+ SNU @ 1% and nano DAP @ 0.5% at 25 DAS, T10- 50% RDN&P,100% K+ SNU @ 1% and nano DAP @ 0.5% at 25 DAS and 45 DAS. The experimental results revealed that, among all the treatments, T10 significantly registered the increased plant height (112.33 cm) and highest leaf area index (4.11) and enhanced light interception (91%). Based on the experimental results, it is concluded T10 i.e., reduced application of basal nitrogen and phosphorus (50% RDN&P + 100% K) with super nano urea foliar spray @ 1% and nano DAP foliar spray @ 0.5% at 25 DAS and 45 DAS found to be the optimal dosage for increased growth parameters under high density planting system in rice fallow cotton.

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate Plus Urea Foliar Application on the Polysaccharide and Monosaccharide Composition of Tempranillo Grapes and Wines and on the Wine’s Quality

Polysaccharides are the main group of macromolecules in wines. Climate change is a major problem for viticulturists as it leads to the production of unbalanced grapes. This is attributed to a mismatch between the technological maturity and phenolic maturity of grapes, which can negatively impact the production of high quality wines. To mitigate this effect, biostimulants can be applied to grapevines. For the first time in the literature, this work studied the foliar application of methyl jasmonate plus urea (MeJ + Ur) on the vineyard and its effect on the monosaccharide and polysaccharide composition of Tempranillo grapes and wines over two consecutive seasons. To achieve this, the extraction and precipitation of polysaccharides was conducted, and the identification and quantitation of monosaccharides was performed via GC–MS. The effect of MeJ + Ur foliar treatment in both the grapes and wines was season-dependent. The MeJ + Ur treatment had a slight impact on the monosaccharide composition of the grapes and also demonstrated a small effect on the wines. Multifactor and discriminant analysis revealed that the season had a greater influence on the monosaccharide and polysaccharide composition of grapes and wines compared to the influence of MeJ + Ur treatment. Interestingly, the MeJ + Ur-treated wines exhibited a higher sensory evaluation than the control wines in the second vintage. To gain further insights into the effect of MeJ + Ur foliar application on the monosaccharide and polysaccharide composition of grapes and wines, further investigations should be conducted.

Evaluation of the effect of urea foliar application on polyamine content, grain protein content, and the agronomic traits of bread wheat cultivars under dryland and supplemental irrigation conditions

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the relationship between the accumulation of polyamines during the filling period of wheat grain with yield and grain protein under dryland and supplemental irrigation (SI) conditions and also the effect of foliar spraying of urea on the amount of polyamines in grain a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications during two cropping seasons. The examined treatments included water availability (dryland and SI), wheat cultivars (Homa, Sardari, Rijaw, Ouhadi, and Azar2), and foliar application of urea (control and 4% urea foliar application). The results demonstrated that SI (10%) reduced and urea foliar (12%) application increased the percent of grain protein. SI reduced the contents of three PAs by 24%: spermine, spermidine, and putrescine. But urea foliar application increased the three PAs in the first and second years by 31% and 27% in dryland conditions and 12% and 4% in SI conditions, respectively. These results indicated that there is less need for PAs in SI conditions, and they thus exhibit poorer accumulation in the grain; in dryland conditions, however, their content increases with greater access to foliar nitrogen. Older cultivars Sardari and Azar 2 had more polyamines. According to the observed positive correlation between 1000-grain weight and the three PAs under stress conditions, PAs are probably involved in the improvement of grain filling, and urea foliar application can affect drought tolerance by increasing PA accumulation. Moreover, cadaverine exhibited a different function from the other PAs.

Response of Sulphur and Foliar Application of Nano Urea on Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)

The field experiment entitled “response of sulphur and foliar application of nano urea on growth and yield of sunflower” was conducted during Summer, 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The result showed that maximum diameter of capitulum (14.85 cm), number of seeds/capitulum (453.67), test weight (44.58 g), seed yield (1.70 t/ha), oil content (37.73 %) and B:C ratio (2.54) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea (3ml/l) in treatment 8 whereas higher plant height (118.83 cm), plant dry weight (70.08 g) and stover yield (3.36 t/ha) were obtained by the application of Sulphur at the rate 40 kg/ha along with Nano urea 4ml/l in treatment 9.

Effect of Nano Urea Foliar Spray on Yield and Yield Attributes of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Foliar application of nano urea is a good option of nitrogen or a balanced dose of nitrogen to increase the yield of black gram. For that, this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) under two forms of nitrogen at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) sub-station experimental field, Chapainawabganj during September to December 2022. Black gram variety Binamash-2 and 3 treatments, viz. Control (no fertilizer) (T1), Farmers practice (recommended fertilizer application as basal dose and top dressing during active growth) (T2) and Nano urea (2-4 ml of nano urea (4 % N) in one litre of water and sprayed on crop leaves at its active growth stages) (T3) were used under randomized block design. Yield and yield contributing characters were significantly affected by different forms of nitrogen (urea). The highest grain yield was obtained with T3 which was 1587.33 kg per hectare whereas T1 had given the lowest yield (983.33 kg per hectare). It was obvious that grain yield of black gram can be increased substantially with the judicious application of nano urea as foliar spray during active growth stages.

Evaluation of foliar applications of urea at three concentrations on grape amino acids composition.

Grape nitrogen composition directly affects the development of alcoholic fermentation and also influences the final wine aromatic composition. Moreover, different factors influence grape amino acids composition, such as rate and timing of nitrogen application. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of three doses of urea, applied at two different phenological stages (pre-veraison and veraison), on the nitrogen composition of Tempranillo grapes during two consecutive seasons. Urea treatments did not affect vineyard yield, oenological parameters of the grapes and yeast assimilable nitrogen. However, amino acids concentration in the musts increased at both moments of urea application (pre-veraison and veraison), but the lower urea concentrations and sprayed at pre-veraison improved most of the amino acids in the musts, during two vintages. Moreover, when the year was rainy, the higher dose treatment (9 kg N ha-1 ) applied at pre-veraison and veraison improved the amino acid concentration in the must. Foliar applications of urea could be an interesting viticulture practice in order to increase the amino acids concentration in Tempranillo musts. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Performance of summer green gram in response to combined soil and foliar application of major essential nutrients

Foliar application can be used along with the soil application of fertilizers to enhance the yield and quality of crops for a sustainable approach to nutrient management. In this context, a field experiment was conducted with green gram (cv: NVL-516) in anacidic soil of the Agricultural Research Farm, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar with the objective to study the impact of combined soil and foliar application of nutrients on yield and protein content of summer green gram in Odisha. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and eight treatments consisting of recommended dose of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium and Sulphur (NPKS) along with foliar application of 2% urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP), KCl, N: P: K (19:19:19) and 1%KNO3 and control.Foliar application was done two times at 30 and 45 DAS. The highest yield (1582 kg ha-1 ) was recorded in treatment where 1%KNO3 was applied as foliar spray along with the recommended dose of NPKS and was at par with 2%DAP(1574 kg ha-1). The protein content of seeds was found highest in treatment with foliar application of urea (22.6%) followed by KNO3 (22.4%), N: P: K (19:19:19) (22.4%) and DAP(22.1%). The protein content strongly correlated with the N concentration of seeds.

The effect of seed priming treatments and foliar application of vitaspirin and urea on wheat grain yield under dryland conditions

The effect of seed priming treatments and foliar application of vitaspirin and urea on wheat grain yield under dryland conditions

Urea and nano-urea impact on population of Bemisia tabaci gennadius and Aphis gossypii Glover in sunflower, Helianthus annus L.

An experiment on “Urea and Nano-Urea impact on the population of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Aphis gossypii Glover in Helianthus annus L.” was carried out in north bank plain zone of Brahmaputra, Biswanath district during 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications and 10 treatments. The treatments consist of different nitrogen management combinations including conventional urea and foliar application of conventional and nano urea. B. Tabaci and A. Gossypi population were found more in conventional urea-treated plots as compared to nano urea. Foliar application of nano urea is a better substitute for traditional urea in terms of lower insect population and increase yield.

The Effect of Foliar Application of Urea and Salicylic Acid on the Antibacterial Properties of Physalis alkekengi L. In vitro condition

The Effect of Foliar Application of Urea and Salicylic Acid on the Antibacterial Properties of Physalis alkekengi L. In vitro condition

Evaluation of the Foliar Application of Nano Urea on the Performance of Rabi Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

A study was conducted on clayey soils (vertisols) of southern Telangana zone (India) characterized by low soil organic carbon, low available nitrogen and medium available phosphorous (P) and high available potassium (K). The experiment involving seven nitrogen (N) management practices (T1 to T7) involving recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) as soil application, varied rates of foliar application of nano urea (liquid) was laid out in randomized block design replicated thrice. All the treatments were supplied with basal 50% of soil applied urea fertilizer at the time of sowing except in T1 (No nitrogen application) treatment. Results revealed that application of recommended dose of fertilizers in three splits as soil application resulted into significantly highest growth, yield ( 1774 kg) and yield attributes of sunflower, and was found profitable (Benefit:Cost ratio = 3.47) over foliar application of varied rates of nano- urea spray. Foliar application of nano urea @ 2-4 ml L-1 in T3 to T7 treatments could significantly improve growth and yield of sunflower (by 546 to 744 kg) when compared to no nitrogen application treatment. However foliar application of nano urea showed significantly lesser growth and yield compared to soil application of RDF in three splits in rabi sunflower.

Effect of foliar application of chitosan and urea on growth, yield and quality of palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis L.) cv. All Green

Utilization of organic substances as fertilizer nutrient sources is now popularising due to over increasing risk of chemical fertilizers used in agriculture. The present field experiment was conducted at Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P. (India) to assess the effect of chitosan, an alternative biological origin nutrient source and commercial urea on production of palak. The experiment was comprised of eight treatments namely Control- No fertilizer applied (T0), Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) @ 90:30:30 N P K kg/ha (T1), Chitosan @ 50 ppm (T2), @ 75 ppm (T3), @ 100 ppm (T4), @ 125 ppm (T5), @ 150 ppm (T6) and Urea @ 1% (T7) and was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results showed that foliar application of chitosan and urea significantly influenced the growth, yield and quality of palak. The foliar application of chitosan @ 100 ppm (T4) showed significantly maximum vegetative growth, leaf yield along with better quality of leaves in terms of dry matter content, TSS and Vitamin C content. Urea @ 1% (T7) also showed close result compared to chitosan application. Hence, it will be beneficial to apply chitosan as liquid form @ 100 ppm for spinach beet under subtropical agro-climate condition of Lucknow for better growth, leaf yield and leaf quality.

Effect of Repeated Foliar Application of Urea on Growth, Fruit Quantity and Quality of Pistacia vera Cv. “Kalleh-Ghuchi”

Effect of Repeated Foliar Application of Urea on Growth, Fruit Quantity and Quality of Pistacia vera Cv. “Kalleh-Ghuchi”

Maximizing the Productivity and Profitability of Summer Irrigated Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) by Combining Basal Nitrogen Dose and Foliar Nutrition of Nano and Normal Urea

Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer season, 2022 with an objective of maximizing the productivity and profitability of greengram by adopting varied dose of basal nitrogen and foliar application of nano and normal urea at Flower Initiation (FI) stage and 15 days thereafter. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice with the following treatments viz., N1 - 100% RDN (25kg N ha-1), N2 - 80% RDN (20kg N ha-1), N3 - 60% RDN (15kg N ha-1) and N4 - Control as factor I, and F1 - Nano urea @ 2ml litre-1 of water, F2 - Nano urea @ 3ml litre-1 of water, F3 - Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 of water and F4 - 1% urea as factor II. The experiment results revealed that, 100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water significantly registered higher fertility co-efficient (71.2%), pods plant-1 (38.5 Nos.), seeds pod-1 (12.7 Nos.) and maximum grain yield (1291 kg ha-1). Nevertheless, it was on par with the application of 80% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water, which recorded fertility co-efficient of 70.6%, 38.0 pods plant-1, 12.6 seeds pod-1 and grain yield of 1289 kg ha-1. In economics perspective also, application of 100% RDN and foliar supplement of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 accounted maximum gross return (₹100114 ha-1), net return (₹53549 ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (2.15), which was comparable with application of 80% RDN and foliar application of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 of water at FI stage and 15 days thereafter. Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that reduced application of basal nitrogen i.e., 80% RDN with nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water at FI stage and 15 days thereafter found to be the optimal nitrogen dose and nano urea foliar nutrition for maximizing the productivity and profitability of summer irrigated greengram.