Fodder Plants Research Articles

APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES IN THE CONTROL OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES<i> HERACLEUM SOSNOWSKYI</i> MANDEN. (SOSNOWSKY’S HOGWEED) IN FORESTRY

A representative of the family Apiacea, Sosnowsky's hogweed ( Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) previously cultivated as a fodder plant and now occupying vast territories along roads and railways, in and near settlements, uncultivated agricultural lands, on farms and in many other areas, poses a serious threat to human health. On these lands, an active eradication campaign has been going on for over 15 years. This invasive species also spreads actively on the lands of the forest fund including plantations, felling sites, young stands of natural origin, clearings and hayfields, forest stands of different ages with a small basal area, and in the most productive forest conditions. As a result, in forest plantations growth of woody plants (primarily of coniferous species) is inhibited, their death is observed, and environmental, aesthetic and industrial damage increases due to the growth and dominance of Sosnowsky's hogweed. As a result of field experiments in the Leningrad Region, a high effectiveness of a number of modern herbicides (Roundup, Anchor-85, and Magnum) for control of Sosnowsky's hogweed and other unwanted herbaceous vegetation, as well as their selectivity in relation to pine and spruce, has been demonstrated.

RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME VARIETIES OF TRITICALE FOR SILOSIS, IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE BANAT PLAIN

Triticale is a cereal widely used lately due to its high production potential of both grains and biomass and its multiple uses in both animal feed (feed) and humans (flour, flakes, alcohol). The development of the livestock sector will also have the effect of increasing the areas cultivated with fodder plants. In addition to increasing the cultivated areas, a diversification of the assortment of crops with multiple uses is also desired. Increasing the production capacity per unit area, the study of several varieties (lines) of triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) And the selection of the most competitive contributing to the achievement of this objective.. The purpose of this research is to study varieties (lines) of triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) In terms of their production capacity (green mass) and adaptation to pedo-climatic conditions specific to the Banat Plain, in order to enrich the current range of forage plants for silo, given the ever-increasing needs for feed in the context of a growing demand for animal products. We chose for this study nine varieties (lines) of triticale (Triticosecale Witt.), Noted: TMV1, TMV2, TMV3, TMV4, TMV5, TMV6, TMV7, TMV8, TMV9, in order to evaluate them in terms of the main characters that contribute to the achievement green mass production for silage and selection of the most valuable genotypes for breeding. The green mass productions of the nine varieties of triticale were directly influenced by the values of the studied productivity traits. Regarding the yield per plant, the character, the height of the plants contributes to the greatest extent; the TMV7 triticale variety has the highest value in terms of this production character. From the analysis of the synthesis of mass productions in order to ensilage obtained by the studied triticale varieties, in 2018 - 2020, it is found that the best production results, in the conditions of Timisoara were recorded by TMV7 registering an average production of 44.53 t.ha-1 green mass. Based on the results recorded, under the given conditions, the TMV7 triticale line is classified for future improvement programs.

Geographic Area of Collection Determines the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of Three Extracts of Chilean Propolis.

The biological properties of chilean propolis have been described and include antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activities. Propolis has a strong antimicrobial potential. Clinical experiences with synthetic antibiotics indicated the need to discover new sources of bioactive compounds associated with ethnopharmacological knowledge or natural sources such as propolis. The microscopic analysis of pollen grains from plants allows us to determine the botanical origin of the propolis samples. In Angol, sample pollen grains were obtained from fodder plants (Sorghum bicolor; Lotus sp.) and trees, such as Acacia sp., Pinus radiata, Eucalyptus sp. and Salix babylonica. Propolis from the Maule region contains pollen grains from endemic plants such as Quillaja saponaria. Finally, the sample obtained from Melipilla presented a wider variety of pollen extracted from vegetable species.Colorimetric assays performed to quantify the total polyphenols present in Chilean propolis samples established that PCP2 (Angol sample) showed high amounts of phenolics compounds, with significant statistical differences in comparison with the other samples. The main compounds identified were pinocembrin, quercetin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). The Angol sample showed a high content of polyphenols.Studies that determine the influence of geographical and floral variables on the chemical composition of propolis are a valuable source of information for the study of its biological properties.

The first draft genome of feather grasses using SMRT sequencing and its implications in molecular studies of Stipa

The Eurasian plant Stipa capillata is the most widespread species within feather grasses. Many taxa of the genus are dominants in steppe plant communities and can be used for their classification and in studies related to climate change. Moreover, some species are of economic importance mainly as fodder plants and can be used for soil remediation processes. Although large-scale molecular data has begun to appear, there is still no complete or draft genome for any Stipa species. Thus, here we present a single-molecule long-read sequencing dataset generated using the Pacific Biosciences Sequel System. A draft genome of about 1004 Mb was obtained with a contig N50 length of 351 kb. Importantly, here we report 81,224 annotated protein-coding genes, present 77,614 perfect and 58 unique imperfect SSRs, reveal the putative allopolyploid nature of S. capillata, investigate the evolutionary history of the genus, demonstrate structural heteroplasmy of the chloroplast genome and announce for the first time the mitochondrial genome in Stipa. The assembled nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes provide a significant source of genetic data for further works on phylogeny, hybridisation and population studies within Stipa and the grass family Poaceae.

Assessment of the condition and possibilities of organic production in Poland

The article analyses the condition of organic farming in Poland on the basis of the data published by the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection, the Central Statistical Office and available literature sources. The aim of the study was to assess the condition and prospects for the development of organic produc-tion in Poland. The results of the analysis indicate that there is a growing demand for organic products among consumers, which may contribute to the development of organic farming and an in-crease in the processing of organic products. However, in recent years, a decline in the number of organic farms and the total area of organic farming has been observed. Fodder plants, cereals as well as meadows and pastures are predominant in the structure of crops. Orchards, berries and vegetable cultivation as well as industrial crops are of lesser importance. Poultry, sheep and dairy cattle are predominant in organic livestock farming, whereas goats and cattle intended for meat account for a lower percentage. Among the organic agricultural products milk and dairy products are produced in the greatest quantities.

BIOGEOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE VEGETATION STATUS OF REINDEER PASTURES OF THE NADYM DISTRICT OF THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT

The chemical elemental composition of the most widespread species of wood (Betula pubescens, Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, Salix lanata), shrubs (Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Ledum palustust sl), herbs (Eriophorum angustifolium, Equisetum arvense) and lichens (Cladonia stellaris, Cladonia stygia). The concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Y, V, Na, Mg, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, S obtained using the method of retgenofluorescence energy dispersion analysis.
 The features of the local biogeochemical background of plants are revealed and their geochemical specialization is studied. The greatest difference in the level of accumulation between different plant species was found for Ni, Zn, Ca, Mn, S, and Si. The analysis of the accumulation coefficients of chemical elements in plants relative to the local background level is carried out. Statistical significant differences in the elements accumulation by plants in different bioclimatic zones were revealed for Cu, Fe, Co, Cr, As, Mg, V, Y.
 The studied plants according to environmental safety criteria and the content of normalized micro- and macrocells mainly meet the requirements for fodder plants. The exception is the low content of nutrients Co, Na and K. For the prevention of animal diseases associated with a deficiency of essential elements, it is necessary to optimize the diet of deer by enriching feed with biologically active substances and macro- and microelements.

Comparison the effect of sulfur on yield and nutrient uptake in oilseed crops and forage plants

Today, due to high prices and destructive effects of uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers on the environment and the quantity and quality of agricultural products, use of sulfur as a food ingredient and acidifying soil considered., its role in soil improvement and agricultural production. In order to evaluate and compare the effect of sulfur on yield and the ability to absorb nutrients, on oilseed safflower, canola, corn and fodder plants sorghum and pigweed in a calcareous soil a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experimental factors contain sulfur fertilizer in two levels without application and consumed 500 kilograms per hectare. The results showed that the use of sulfur caused a significant increase in wet and dry weight in all plant species and the maximum increase was observed in corn and sorghum species. The use of sulfur causes significant increase absorption of iron and zinc in roots and shoots of all species of plant. Among the oilseeds, the effect of sulfur application on corn and canola was higher than safflower, and the sorghum forage had better performance than the pigweed.

Modern microbiological methods of phytosanitary monitoring

In this work, an express method is proposed, based on the registration of changes in the impedance of the nutrient medium, which occurs under the influence of the processes of growth and vital activity of microorganisms in the sample under study. The research was carried out on the analyzer “BioTrack 4250”. This device is highly productive, as it examined 21 samples simultaneously for several hours. For testing the indirect impedance technique, fodder, medicinal and weed plants were selected as objects of study. The sanitary condition of the samples was assessed by the total mesophyll aerobic and optional-anaerobic microorganisms (QMA&OAMO), sanitary-indicative bacteria of the E. coli group, and the number of yeast fungi. It was proved that plants collected in the central part of the city of Tyumen with a high population density had high QMA&OAMO indices and high indicators of contamination with Candida sp. On the contrary, fodder plants growing in the Tyumen region were characterized by high indices of sanitary-indicative microorganisms, which indicated an increased risk of feed contamination. Thus, in contrast to the classical methods, the proposed method allows obtaining objective results, shortening the research time, reducing labor costs, and significantly reducing the cost of analysis.

Relationships of Chemical Elements and their Environmental Impacts in Groundwater, Soil, and Fodder Plants in Arid Land

Relationships of Chemical Elements and their Environmental Impacts in Groundwater, Soil, and Fodder Plants in Arid Land

Nutritional And Energy Value Of Non-Traditional Forage Plants For Cultivation In The Arid Zone Of Uzbekistan

The results are given on the nutritional and energy value of forage plants recommended for growing in the arid zone - millet, sorghum, quinoa, and mixed crops of millet, sorghum + soybeans. It was found that these plants have a high bioenergetic value and meet the zootechnical standards for fodder plants.

ACI YOVŞAN (ARTEMİSİA ABSİNTHİUM L.) NÖVÜNÜN MORFOLOJİ XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ VƏ EFİR YAĞI

The presented article provides information on the morphological features and essential oil of Artemisia absinthium L., introduced in Absheron and cultivated in cultural conditions. The study compared the morphological characteristics of the same age species grown in different parts of the collection area of the Institute of Dendrology (sunny and shady parts) and the amount of essential oil extracted from the leaves by month (February-May). It was found that the plant grown in the sunny part, despite having a large number of branches and a large umbrella, is weaker than the plant growing in the shady part due to its growth. Even though the morphological characteristics of the surface organs of the same species grown in different parts are different, the normal conduct of the developmental stages of the season allows this plant to fully adapt to the conditions of Absheron. In the study, the essential oil obtained from the species varies depending on environmental factors, the growing season, and it is more economically expedient to obtain essential oil from plants growing in sunny areas. Artemisia absinthium L., known as fodder and essential oil medicinal plant in the flora of Azerbaijan, has a perennial, decorative appearance and perspective importance, so it is expedient to cultivate it in Absheron and use it in landscaping some areas. Key words: Artemisia absinthium L., multiplicity, morphology, essential oil, yield percentage, environmental factors

Evaluation of the cenopopulations of the valuable forage plant Vicia crocea (Desf.) Fritsch in the South Caucasus (Azerbaijan Republic)

The age structure of ontogenesis of cenopopulations of the valuable forage species Vicia crocea ( Desf .) Fritsch of the Vicia L. genus was assessed, the dynamics of their development and viability were studied. Large number of generative individuals have been revealed at the study of age spectrum. The studied plants were well eaten by cattle during this period. The number of reproductive (generative) individuals and populations decreased in this case, as well as under the influence of other anthropogenic factors, and Vicia crocea ( Desf .) Fritsch was classified as a specie belonging to the category “close to the danger threshold” (NT). The study of this species at the cenopopulation level have scientific and practical importance in terms of studying the species composition of phytocenoses, increasing the fodder base of Azerbaijan, improving the condition of summer and winter pastures, enriching arable land with nitrogen, developing animal husbandry as an agricultural sector, as well as using fodder plants in various industries.

Proof of the environmental circulation of veterinary drug albendazole in real farm conditions

Anthelmintics, drugs against parasitic worms, are frequently used in livestock and might act as danger environmental microcontaminants. The present study was designed to monitor the possible circulation of common anthelmintic drug albendazole (ABZ) and its metabolites in the real agriculture conditions. The sheep were treated with the recommended dose of ABZ. Collected faeces were used for the fertilization of a field with fodder plants (alfalfa and clover) which served as feed for sheep from a different farm. The selective ultrasensitive mass spectrometry revealed surprisingly high concentrations of active ABZ metabolite (ABZ-sulphoxide) in all samples (dung, plants, ovine plasma, rumen content and faeces). Our results prove for the first time an undesirable permeation of ABZ metabolites from sheep excrement into plants (used as fodder) and subsequently to other sheep in real agricultural conditions. This circulation causes the permanent exposition of the ecosystems and food-chain to the drug and can promote the development of drug resistance in helminths.

Impact of Rishikesh-Karanprayag railway line on the agroecosystem of Maletha village of Garhwal Himalaya

Uttarakhand is a newly incepted state, geographically and culturally distinct from the plains and is the prime destination of tourists not only from India but also from different parts of the globe. Railways in Uttarakhand will certainly play a crucial role in the development of the state. Ministry of Railways of India has launched and initiated a project to connect the Char dhams of the state which will surely prove a landmark in the developmental feat of the state but development and modernization at the cost of disturbing the ecosystem in general and agricultural ecosystem in particular will create an imbalance in the livelihood of the people who by and large depend on agriculture economy. The present study was carried out in an agriculturally rich medium sized village of Uttarakhand. The survey reveal that climatic and geographical conditions of the village are suitable for the cultivation of large number of vegetables, fruits, cereals, millets, pulses and fodder plants supporting the livelihood of the natives. Land acquisition would have a negative impact on the socio-economic condition of the farmers as well as on the traditional crop diversity of the area as the railway project covers most of the fertile land. Thus, for reducing the havoc in the lives of the villagers government should provide land as an exchange as most of the population is agriculture dependent and at the same time degradation should be viewed with long-term vision

Assessment of Available Manganese in Milk by Using fodders Grown in Long-Term Wastewater Irrigated Soil

Heavy metals are considered as most important contaminations due to industrialization of countries and an influence on its existence in soil, plant and milk. A study was carried out to check manganese content in soil, forage and milk at three sites of city Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. All samples (milk, soil, water, fodder plants and ground water) were analyzed for manganese by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Different health indices were also studied to check Mn flow in food chain. Level of Mn in samples was found within acceptable limits. Manganese level was higher in soil samples collected from Site-III than other sites. Manganese showed higher value (2.595 to 10.402 mg/kg) in soil than other samples. Fodders were found to accumulate manganese from 0.008 to 0.022 mg/kg. Manganese concentration was found to be 0.1482 to 1.241 mg/L, 0.164 to 0.9708 mg/L in water and milk, respectively. BCF and PLI values for manganese were also found to be less than 1. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and THQ of manganese are found within permissible limits in milk of cows feeding on fodders irrigated with wastewater and ground water. So, use of wastewater for irrigation purpose should be properly checked due to possible toxic effects.

Multifunctional compounds in the extract from mature seeds of Vicia faba var. minor: Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activity and cellular safety in human selected blood cells in in vitro trials

BackgroundThe field bean (Vicia faba) is a valuable fodder plant of the Fabaceae family, grown as a main crop for its seed yield. Its phytochemical profile is characterized by the presence of a range of compounds with various biological activities. PurposeThe present study investigates the phytochemical profile of the extract from mature seeds of Vicia faba var. minor and examines its impact on preventing oxidative damage to various lipids, protein and DNA molecules in vitro. MethodsHuman plasma was treated with H2O2/Fe (an OH. donor) to induce oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and the plant extract was then added. As oxidative stress may influence the biological activity of plasma, e.g. coagulation, and influence cardiovascular disease, the study also examined the effect of the plant extract on coagulation and monoamine oxidase activity (MAO, EC 1.4.3.4). ResultsThe tested extract exerted a protective effect on plasma lipids and proteins treated with H2O2/Fe. However, while it appears to effectively protect the DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from oxidative damage, it did not induce changes in the coagulation process, and significantly reduced MAO activity when applied at 1, 5, and 10 µg/mL. It is possible that the observed antioxidant potential may be due to the complex chemical composition of the extract: the phytochemical profile demonstrated a range of phenolic compounds, including catechins. ConclusionOur findings indicate that extract from mature seeds of V. faba var. minor may be a promising source of antioxidants in multiple applications, including diseases associated with oxidative stress; however, more studies based on in vitro and in vivo models are needed to determine its biological properties.

Agricultural sustainability can be ensured by adopting dynamic plant pathology, pedagogy

Plant diseases cause serious economic losses (5–15%/up to 25%) in all sorts of economic crop plants irrespective of cash, industrial, horticultural, ornamental, food, fodder, fibre, spices, plantation, aromatic and medicinal plants and forest trees especially in the tropics and subtropics. Farmers, due to lack of expertise, can neither identify the pathogens nor manage them. They are ignorant of varied symptoms produced by the diseases and the mode of field spread of these diseases. Knowledge of the disease cycle and use of resistant varieties are essential for developing effective management strategy against the diseases. Rigorous field training of students/village workers/farmers is the most important pedagogical aspect to ensure sustainability of Indian agriculture. In order to put a long term check on yield/quality losses by overcoming farmer’s ignorance, there is a need to ensure availability of resistant varieties and effective but simple methods of vector control. Intensive training of the farmers through frequent field visits enables them to recognize incidence of the disease and to understand the epidemiological facet of the disease too. Bio agents occurring naturally within the host's environment and crop rotation practices are also helpful. Emphasis is needed to train students in various methods of pathogen detection and to coach a large number of farmer’s team to help them recognize and manage the disease in field. Generally limited number of important diseases and pests affect any crop plant which does not exceed 4–6 and 15–20 respectively in all regions.

Ethnoveterinary and fodder plants used among transhumant communities around Georgia-Turkey border, in the Western Lesser Caucasus

Background: Livestock are an integral part of the transhumant life in the Caucasus. Maintaining the health and wellbeing of the animals has been a critical responsibility for pastoral communities. This study presents the wild plant species used for ethnoveterinary and fodder purposes by transhumant people on the both sides of Georgia-Turkey border.Methods: During two summers (2017–2018) 119 participants were interviewed (74 in Turkey and 45 in Georgia) with semi-structured questionnaires. Cultural importance index (CI) and Relative frequency of citation (RFC) were used to evaluate the relative importance of species among communities.Results: In total 113 citations of 38 wild plant species for ethnoveterinary purposes, and 186 citations of 61 wild plant species as fodder were obtained in the study area. The most important species in ethnoveterinary were Veratrum album and Achillea millefolium in Georgia, and Veratrum album and Picea orientalis in Turkey. Aerial parts of the plants were the most frequently used part in Georgia while the root was in Turkey. Gastrointestinal problems were the most commonly mentioned diseases in Georgia while dermatological and parasitic diseases in Turkey. The majority of the plant species were mentioned to treat the ailments of cattle (37 species). Fabaceae, Polygonaceae and Asteraceae were the most mentioned families used as fodder in both countries. There were also several plants used as bedding for livestock and against evil eye in the study area.Conclusions: Pastoral way of life in the Western Lesser Caucasus still reflects living evidence of plant-based traditional ethnoveterinary knowledge and practices to support the health of livestock. The results of this study could be a base for future ethnoveterinary and animal feed research and contribute to organic animal husbandry in the region.Keywords: Ethnoveterinary, Fodder plants, Transhumant people, Traditional knowledge, the Caucasus, Cross-cultural study, Turkey, Georgia აბსტრაქტიისტორია: კავკასიაში მეცხოველეობა მწყემსების სეზონური ცხოვრების განუყოფელი ნაწილია. მწყემსებისთვის მეტად მნიშვნელოვანია ცხოველების კარგად ყოფნა და მათი ჯანმრთელობისა შენარჩუნება. ეს კვლევა ეხება მცენარეთა იმ ველურ სახეობებს, რომლებსაც მომთაბარე მწყემსები იყენებენ როგორც ეთნოვეტერინარული (სამკურნალო) მიზნებისთვის ისე ცხოველების საკვებად, საქართველო-თურქეთის საზღვრის ორივე მხარეს.მეთოდები: ორი ზაფხულის განმავლობაში (2017–2018) ნახევრად სტრუქტურირებული კითხვარებით გამოიკითხა 119 მონაწილე (74 თურქეთში და 45 საქართველოში. კულტურული მნიშვნელობის ინდექსი - CI (Cultural importance index) და ციტირების ფარდობითი სიხშირე - RFC (Relative frequency of citation), გამოყენებულ იქნა თემებში სახეობების შედარებით მნიშვნელობის შესაფასებლად.შედეგები: საკვლევ ტერიტორიაზე ჯამში აღრიცხული იქნა ეთნოვეტერინარული მიზნებისათვის, 38 ველური მცენარეული სახეობის - 113 ციტირება და ცხოველთა საკვებად გამოყენების, მცენარეთა 61 სახეობის - 186 ციტირება. ეთნოვეტერინარიაში ყველაზე მნიშვნელოვანი სახეობები იყო:Veratrum album და Achillea millefolium საქართველოში და Veratrum album და Picea orientalis თურქეთში. საქართველოში ყველაზე ხშირად გამოიყენებოდა მცენარეთა მიწისზედა ნაწილები, ხოლო თურქეთში - მცენარის ფესვები. საქართველოში ყველაზე ხშირად დასახელდა ცხოველთა კუჭ-ნაწლავის პრობლემები, ხოლო თურქეთში დერმატოლოგიური და პარაზიტული დაავადებები. კვლევაში მცენარეთა ყველაზე მეტი (37) სახეობა დასახელდა მსხვილფეხა რქოსანი პირუტყვის დაავადებების სამკურნალოდ. Fabaceae, Polygonaceae და Asteraceae იყო ცხოველთა საკვებად გამოიყენებული, ყველაზე ხშირად დასახელებული მცენარეთა ოჯახები - ორივე ქვეყანაში. კვლევის არეალში ასევე არსებობდა რამდენიმე მცენარე, რომლებიც გამოიყენება შინაური ცხოველების საწოლად და ავი თვალის საწინააღმდეგოდ.დასკვნები: მცირე კავკასიონის დასავლეთ ნაწილში პასტორალური ცხოვრების წესის არსებობა - განაპირობებს მცენარეებზე დაფუძნებული ტრადიციული ეთნოვეტერინარული ცოდნის და ცხოველების ჯანმრთელობის დაცვის პრაქტიკული გამოცდილების დღემდე შემონახვას. ამ კვლევის შედეგებმა შესაძლოა საფუძველი ჩაუყაროს ეთნოვეტერინარიისა და ცხოველთა საკვების შემდგომ კვლევებს და ხელი შეუწყოს რეგიონში ორგანული მეცხოველეობის განვითარებას.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ეთნოვეტერინარია, ცხოველთა საკვები, მომთაბარე ადამიანები, ტრადიციული ცოდნა, კავკასია, კულტურათშორისი კვლევა, თურქეთი, საქართველო ÖzetGiriş: Kafkaslar’da hayvancılık yaylacıların yaşamının ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Yaylacı toplumlar için hayvanların sağlığını ve refahını korumak son derece önemli bir sorumluluktur. Bu çalışma, Gürcistan-Türkiye sınırının her iki yakasında yaşayan yaylacıların halk veterinerliğinde (etnoveterinerlik) ve hayvan yemi olarak kullandıkları yabani bitki türlerini sunmaktadır.Yöntemler: 2017 ve 2018 yıllarının yaz aylarında 119 katılımcıyla (Türkiye'de 74 ve Gürcistan'da 45) yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirildi. Bilgisi alınan yabani türlerin yaylacı toplumlar arasındaki önemini değerlendirmek için Kültürel Önem (CI) ve Göreceli Kayıt Sıklığı (RFC) indeksleri kullanıldı.Bulgular: Çalışma alanında etnoveteriner amaçlı 38 yabani bitki türüne ait 113, yem olarak 61 yabani bitki türüne ait 186 kullanım kaydedildi. Hayvan hastalıklaında kullanılan en önemli türler olarak Gürcistan'da Veratrum album ve Achillea millefolium, Türkiye'de ise Veratrum album ve Picea orientalis tespit edildi. Gürcistan'da bitkilerin daha çok toprak üstü kısımları. Türkiye'de ise köklerinin kullanımı bildirildi. Gürcistan'da en çok sindirim sistemi ile ilgili sorunlar bildirilirken, Türkiye'de deri ve paraziter hastalıklar kaydedildi. Kayıt altına alınan yabani bitki türlerinin çoğunun büyükbaş hayvanların (37 tür) rahatsızlıklarında kullanıldığı tespit edildi. Her iki ülkede de Fabaceae, Polygonaceae ve Asteraceae yem olarak kullanımı en çok bahsedilen ailelerdir. Çalışma alanında ayrıca hayvanların altına yataklık olarak serilen ve nazara karşı kullanılan birkaç bitki türü de kayıt altına alındı. Sonuçlar: Bu çalışma, Batı Küçük Kafkasya'daki yayla yaşamında hayvanların sağlığını destekleyen bitki temelli halk veterinerliği bilgi ve uygulamalarının sürdürüldüğünün kanıtlarını yansıtmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, gelecekteki halk veterinerliği (etnoveterinerlik) ve hayvan yemi araştırmalarına temel oluşturabilir ve bölgedeki organik hayvancılığa katkı sağlayabilir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Halk veterinerliği, Yem bitkileri, Yaylacılar, Geleneksel bilgi, Kafkasya, Kültürler arası çalışma, Türkiye, Gürcistan

The Mobilization and Use of Plant Genetic Resources with High Potential as Fodder, Honey and Energy Crops: achievements and prospects

This article presents the results of scientific research in the field of mobilization, acclimatization, introduction of new species and foundation and maintenance of fodder, honey and energy plant collections over the last decade and possibilities of using the mobilized plant resources in bioeconomy. The studies carried out made it possible to determine the biological peculiarities of growth and development, the productivity, the biochemical composition and the nutritional value of feed in 137 new taxa, and the mechanical and energy features of the biomass in 20 species. Besides, the foundation of the collection of potential honey plants was laid; currently, it includes 47 taxa. As a result of plant breeding 10 new cultivars were created, 9 new cultivars of plants with multiple uses have been registered in the Catalogue of Plant Varieties and 7 cultivars have been patented at the State Agency for Intellectual Property of the Republic of Moldova (AGEPI). Three technology transfer projects were implemented. The results of scientific research were presented at 66 national and international scientific events, 336 scientific papers published published in scientific periodicals and journals registered in national and international databases, awarded 33 medals and 6 diplomas at various Salons and Exhibitions of Inventions in the Republic of Moldova and abroad.

STUDY OF FODDER PLANTS IN RAMNAGAR OF NAINITAL DISTRICT IN UTTARAKHAND INDIA

India, has a broad spectrum of eco-climate ranging from humid temperate to alpine and tropical to semi-arid, which possess a wide range of genetic diversity in forage resource i.e., in form of grasses, legumes, trees, crop plants etc. Uttarakhand is well endowed with a variety of livestock along with the hallmark of large population and low productivity of livestock in the state. In hills of Uttarakhand, the major sources of forage are forests and pasture grassland, crop residue and cultivated fodder. The production and availability of green fodder is not uniform throughout the year. The contribution of leaves as forage, produced from forest trees, forest bushes and herbaceous plants is remarkable. During present study, a total of 34 species of non-cultivated plants, belonging to 26 genera of 17 families have been documented as fodder plant and Poaceaeis the dominant family of fodder