Focus Group Discussion Method Research Articles

Women’s experience of childbirth care in health facilities: a qualitative assessment of respectful maternity care in Afghanistan

BackgroundRespectful maternity care (RMC) remains a key challenge in Afghanistan, despite progress on improving maternal and newborn health during 2001—2021. A qualitative study was conducted in 2018 to provide evidence on the situation of RMC in health facilities in Afghanistan. The results are useful to inform strategies to provide RMC in Afghanistan in spite of the humanitarian crisis due to Taliban’s takeover in 2021.MethodsFocus group discussions were conducted with women (4 groups, 43 women) who had used health facilities for giving birth and with providers (4 groups, 21 providers) who worked in these health facilities. Twenty key informant interviews were conducted with health managers and health policy makers. Motivators for, deterrents from using, awareness about and experiences of maternity care in health facilities were explored.ResultsWomen gave birth in facilities for availability of maternity care and skilled providers, while various verbal and physical forms of mistreatment were identified as deterrents from facility use by women, providers and key informants. Low awareness, lack of resources and excessive workload were identified among the reasons for violation of RMC.ConclusionViolation of RMC is unacceptable. Awareness of women and providers about the rights of women to respectful maternity care, training of providers on the subject, monitoring of care to prevent mistreatment, and conditioning any future technical and financial assistance to commitments to RMC is recommended.

Educational Broadcasting and Socio-Economic Development of Rural Communities in Mbarara District, Uganda

The elimination of poverty, increased productivity and employment is only possible with improvements in socio-economic development which however, remains dismal to the rural communities of Mbarara District. The study as its main purpose examined the influence of educational community radio broadcasting on socio-economic development among rural communities of Mbarara district so as to derive a framework for broadcasting to enhance socio-economic development among listeners. The study as a methodological stance adopted a cross sectional survey design followed both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Questionnaire, open-ended and interviews and focus group discussion methods were used. The data was collected using questionnaires from 250 randomly selected, interview guides and focus group discussion tools were applied. The data was analysed at descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS Version 20.0. The results showed that education broadcasting related to government programmes (β = 0.283, p = 0.03) had a significant positive influence on the socio-economic development of rural communities in Mbarara district. The study recommends among others the need for management of community radios in collaboration with media team to prioritize broadcasts that promote children immunization in addition to agricultural practices as well as embracing listenership to radio programs that provide information on sanitation and hygiene as a health promotion tool.

Diploma in Accounting and Business Studies Students’ Perceptives on Online Teaching and Learning

Introduction: The advent and consequent entrenched use of new media technologies in higher education has prompted systems change in many universities across the world. At the University of Botswana, the Centre for Continuing Education (CCE) unveiled a plan to “break down physical lecture-rooms and campus walls” by delivering courses in the Diploma in Accounting and Business Studies (DABS) programme, including to satellite centers, solely through the virtual mode. Driven by the idea of Digital Divide and the hypothesis of lack of access and system challenges, the study investigated the viability of this change considering the inherent social and digital divides in Botswana, and the observation that New Media Technologies often place more emphasis on proliferation of information and communication technologies to the detriment of variables such as economic status, income, and social environment.Objectives: The central question for this study was: Do all students in the DABS programme have “access” to the Internet, mobile technologies and other associated resources to impeccably take part in the online teaching and learning dispensation? Thus, the overarching objective of this study was to unearth whether or not learners enrolled in the DABS programme had access to Internet, mobile technologies and other associated resources to successfully take part in online teaching and learning.Methods: This study used a focus group discussion method involving students’ representatives from all the centers to get their perspectives on online teaching and learning. Results: The study has unveiled that not all DABS students embraced online teaching and learning.Conclusions: It was, therefore, concluded that DABS students have to change their mindset and behaviours towards online-based learning and teaching. They need to adapt to the new norm of online learning

A canvas model for planning and development strategy of rural sustainable tourism

Tourism development in rural areas is basically in line with the idea of sustainable development goals that want to create a healthy and prosperous life and strong institutions. This article examines sustainable tourism development strategies in rural areas. This article uses the focus group discussion method to develop BMC business strategies for tourism awareness groups in Tlemang village. By using BMC as a business strategy model, Pokdarwis can map which sectors support the concept of Sustainable Tourism Village. Through BMC’s knowledge of pokdarwis as the main subject of tourism development, pokdarwis as an institution has the capacity to regulate business strategies and adapt business knowledge in running tourism villages.

Awareness of Breast Cancer among the Secondary Level Adolescent Girls Student in Kathmandu, Nepal

The study entitled "Views on awareness of breast cancer among the secondary level adolescent girl" was based on descriptive research design and qualitative study with focus group discussion method. Only 8 adolescent girl students from grade XI and XII with in the Janamaitri Multiple Campus, Kathmandu were selected purposively for discussion. The student’s views on awareness of breast cancer were analyzed thematically by FGD guidelines. It is found that the adolescent girls have positive knowledge and perception on breast cancer but diversity of knowledge of basic causes of breast cancer based on scientific as well myth. They had good knowledge on initial sign and symptoms on breast cancer but they do not have their own live experience about it. They were in the favors of breast self-examination practices but still ignorance in what, why and how it can be practices properly. They were not familiar on detection of sign and symptoms of breast cancer properly. Some have faced the live experience of breast cancer in their family members but they do not have their own live experience. They revealed that the proper health education and regular awareness program could prevent the secondary level adolescent girls from early breast cancer.

Gender- Behind-The-Camera: Women’s Career Experiences in Television Stations in Lagos, Nigeria

This study examined the career experiences of women in behind the camera positions in television stations in Lagos State, Nigeria. Anchored on the Hegemony and Patriarchy theories, the study adopted survey, focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview methods for data gathering. Samples for the survey, FGD and in-depth interview comprises 268 respondents, 6 participants each selected from the 6 sampled television stations and 2 participants each selected from the 6 sampled television stations in Lagos state respectively. The questionnaire, structured FGD guide and structured interview guide were used to generate the data used to answer the five research questions guiding the study. Results show that the respondents were more dominated in roles such as producer, reporter and editor, and women also dominate management roles in government owned television stations compared to the private owned television stations. Additionally respondents are perceived to be emotional (38.0%), sensitive (25.4%) and weak (23.9%). Results also shows that respondents are not promoted or appointed to managerial position in television stations based on gender, rather it is based on competence and efficiency. Results also shows that the major challenges facing respondents on their job are; late time closing hours, demands of home and work front, and the job been considered as too tedious/risky. The findings also revealed that these challenges will hinder respondents from attaining their career goals however the major prospect respondents have on the job is to get to the peak of their careers. Consequently, findings support tenets of Hegemony and Patriarchy theories. Keyword: Career experiences; behind the camera positions; television stations, challenges and prospects.

Development of A Mini Autoclave for Bubur Ceria MPASI Products as an Alternative to Prevent Growth Retardation

Background: Food hygiene and sanitation principles are a form of effort to prevent human disease. This service partner is "Healthy and Cheerful Baby Porridge," which has contributed a lot to preventing stunting as MPASI. The aim of this Community Empowerment (PMP) service is to innovate porridge packaging from plastic cups to autoclavable pouches so that the porridge is more durable and long-lasting and to apply mini autoclave-based technology when the porridge is packaged to make it more hygienic and sterile against pathogens. Method: Implementation of the PMP begins with an initial survey and partner cooperation agreement with the cooperation partners using the Focus group discussion (FGD) method. Socialization of materials and training at the Auditorium and Microbiology Laboratory at Al-Irsyad University, Cilacap. Evaluation of the implementation and sustainability of PMP activities. Results: Material dissemination and training on packaging cheerful porridge using autoclavable pouch technology was carried out. As many as 30% agreed, and 70% chose to strongly agree regarding the assessment of the new packaging and leaflet for cheerful porridge. Conclusion: Packaging the porridge with an autoclavable pouch makes the porridge more hygienic, sterile, and long-lasting.

Development of Learning Tools Oriented to the BRADeR Learning Model to Facilitate Teachers in Teaching Science Literacy

Literacy in science is one of the essential skills needed by students in the 21st century. Teachers require science literacy-based instructional tools to enhance students' science literacy skills. One alternative learning model to improve science literacy skills is the BRADeR learning model. However, there is currently a lack of instructional tools based on the BRADeR learning model. This study aims to determine the validity and feasibility of the instructional tools developed oriented towards the BRADeR learning model to facilitate teachers in teaching science literacy. This research and development study adopts the model proposed by Borg & Gall. The development model consists of three phases: preliminary research, development or prototyping, and assessment phase. Data collection methods for validity and reliability use the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method, and observation is conducted for lesson feasibility. The developed instructional tools include syllabi, lesson plans, student textbooks, student activity sheets, and science literacy skill tests. The validity of the instructional tools is assessed based on format, content, presentation feasibility, and language for each component. Reliability is analyzed using the percentage of agreement. To determine the ease of use for teachers in implementing the developed tools, the feasibility of lessons conducted by teachers in the classroom is observed. The results of the validity assessment by science education experts indicate that all BRADeR-oriented instructional tools developed fall into the highly valid and reliable category. Observations on the feasibility of lessons conducted by teachers fall into the good category. Thus, it can be concluded that the BRADeR-oriented instructional tools developed can be used by teachers to teach science and enhance the science literacy skills of junior high school students.

The Impact of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) And Video on Women Adult Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of IVA Examination

Introduction. The most common types of cancer among women adults are cervical cancer that can be prevented by doing IVA practice. One of the factors contributing to the low practice of women performing early detection through IVA is lack of knowledge. Action should be made to improve information through health promotion using various learning education combinations with technology and conventional methods with Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and creative videos. Objective. To explore the impact of innovative health education on women's adult knowledge, attitudes, and practice of IVA test examinations. Method. This research uses a quantitative quasi-experimental with a group pre-test and post-test design and divided into two intervention groups. Convenience sampling method was approached during two months of data collection from August-September 2023. A structured instrument was used to measure knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP). Result. The pre-test showed average knowledge value before the intervention was 1.95 and attitude was 0.45 and after the intervention, it was 9.80 and attitude 0.95, respectively. The statistical result showed a significant difference with a value of 0.000 (0.05). The practice of IVA test before was 5% and after the intervention was 90%. The FGD and video educational methods influence knowledge, attitudes, and practice of IVA tests. Discussion. The FGD and video educational methods influence knowledge, attitudes, and practice of IVA tests. There is a need to develop other educational methods combination between FGD and video to increase IVA test information therefore it will influence women adult interest in carrying out IVA tests as an effort to detect cervical cancer early.

THE ATTRACTION OF CAN THO CITY, VIETNAM AS A TOURIST DESTINATION

This study aims to demonstrate the influencing factors on the destination attractiveness of Can Tho City, Vietnam. From October 2022 to November 2022, the study collected data using a convenient sampling method, with a sample size of 268 tourists. A mixed-method research approach combining qualitative and quantitative research methods was employed to validate the research hypotheses. For qualitative research, a focus group discussion method was conducted to identify appropriate scales for the research model. For quantitative research, the following analytical methods were utilized: testing the reliability of the scales using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). The research results indicate that the attraction of Can Tho City as a tourism destination depends on 08 factors, including the natural environment, local culture, local cuisine, recreational activities, infrastructure, service price, tourism promotion, and local residents. Among these, tourism promotion is the most significant and influential factor affecting the attraction of Can Tho City as a tourism destination.

Academic Leadership in Higher Education

Purpose: The effectiveness of our higher education system depends on effective and vibrant teachers with knowledge of Academics, Assessment and evaluation, Pedagogy, Research Culture, and Innovation in teaching & learning. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 specifies that the “most important factor in the success of higher education institutions is the quality and engagement of its faculty. The study focuses on the understanding of NEP and OBE amongst faculty members and academic leaders, the factors affecting teaching and learning in higher education, and the role of academic leadership in implementing outcome-based education in higher education. Approach: The study is based on the data collected from 53 academic leaders from 53 different B- schools. To have better results the study has collected data from different regions in India, covering East, West, North, and South. Data is collected through a data triangulation approach. For this purpose, structured questionnaires were used, telephonic interviews of the sample and Focus Group Discussions with members of the senior cadre were conducted. The study employed different methods of data collection, preliminary interviews, and focus group discussions to yield the parameters on which a structured questionnaire was prepared. After deciding on the constructs of the scale, indicator items were prepared. Statistical analysis is done to assess the awareness and application of NEP 2020 in Management Education. Results: The focus group discussion and primary interview with the academic leader helped to design the application of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs to Employee Engagement in Higher Education. The faculty need to know the level of their performance and areas in which they need improvement. Performance improvement helps the organization to meet its goals and objectives. Performance counselling is a very important activity that helps employees to know themselves better. It has been observed that employee engagement increases with performance counselling. Hence the desired result of NEP implementation will be better with faculty training and counselling. The attributes of Academic Leadership for academic, administrative, and research & extension activities are identified, analyzed, and evaluated. A conceptual model with the required attributes and qualities for a Role model/Super academic leader is also described. Type of Paper: Exploratory and descriptive

Pendampingan Budidaya Tikus Hutan Ekor Putih Pada Pemburu Tikus Desa Ampreng Kecamatan Langowan Kabupaten Minahasa

ABSTRACT
 The white-tailed forest rat is a type of rat that is consumed by some Minahasa people, especially on holidays or especially for families. In almost all Minahasa traditional markets you can find rats being sold for IDR 100,000 per three heads. This shows that the animal has sale value. Therefore, the Hope and Endemic Animal Laboratory Team will carry out activities to assist rat cultivation for rat hunters so that they can get rats without having to hunt. Mentoring activities will be carried out for 6 months targeting the rat hunting group in Ampreng Langowan Village. This activity was carried out using the Focus Group Discussion method, lectures and practice at the location involving 10 rat hunters. Topics of discussion are about making cages, providing food, maintaining cages. The activity implementation time is 6 (six) months with preparation stages (preparing location, materials, feed), implementation (Focus Group Discussion, lectures, and practice), publication, preparation of wishes, and reporting. The result of this activity is that ten hunters have been able to implement cultivation well and correctly and obtain economic benefits so as to support food security and independence.

The Analysis of sustainability factors underlying human-monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) conflict at IPB University

The proximity of the Macaca fascicularis habitat to locations of human activity, especially in the IPB University area, disrupts human activity, especially in the morning and evening. The act of Maccaca fascicularis entering human territory increases the potential for human conflict with Macaca fascicularis. This research aims to identify the variables that cause conflict in the IPB Dramaga Campus environment by describing the intensity of influence and interdependent relationships between variables and grouping them from the most influential to the least influential. This research was conducted at IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia in 2021. The object of this research was the Macaca fascicularis group located at the IPB Dramaga Campus. Data collection was carried out by applying the Focus Group Discussion method to determine the influencing variables and human conflict with Macaca fascicularis. Data analysis was carried out using the Micmac Method. Based on the research results, there are factors that influence food, vegetation, culture, and the important role of human activity, land, population, and mitigation. The Primate Animal Study Center (PSSP) in collaboration with the Bogor BKSDA is making efforts to overcome disturbances using the Trapping Cage method, which is a method carried out by storing iron cages filled with fruit such as bananas and others in several locations that are suspected to be frequently visited areas and Increase the active role of the community around the IPB campus which is affected by long-tailed monkeys by providing incentives for people who are able to catch long-tailed monkeys without causing harm.

Innovative agroforestry development in private forest through community partnership

Management of private forests in general is still traditional with various weaknesses of the farmers, including the limited area of private forests ranging from 0.25 – 1 hectare and in general they are not located in one stretch. Therefore, the results of private forest management have not fully provided proper income for farmers, namely in the range of 20-30 percent. Referring to an MTG (Master Tree Grower) approach, innovation was carried out in the development of agroforestry models in private forests by involving neighboring farmers in the form of farmer-to-farmer mentoring (F2FM) through community partnerships. The innovations carried out are in the form of implementing training results and increasing the capacity of private forest farmers to be market oriented in managing forests. Research was conducted in Bulukumba, South Sulawesi in 2018 which aims to find opportunities to increase farmers’ income through the development of innovative agroforestry. The research applied training, interview, observation and FGD (Focus Group Discussion) methods. The results of the research show that there is a change in the orientation of farmers in managing their forests and there are opportunities to increase income from these forests. Innovative agroforestry development can be an option for farmers to increase their income from private forest management.

Pendampingan Perumusan Penggunaan Nomenklatur “Putusan” Jenis Produk Hukum MPR RI

The purpose of this service activity is to analyze whether the MPR's authority over the form of "ruling" is still relevant or not. This activity uses the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method facilitated by the MPR RI Secretariat Assessment Board on November 2, 2023 at the Fieris Kertajati Hotel, Majalengka Regency. The results obtained that the MPR RI has two types of products that are regeling and beschiking as regulated in other regulations. The provisions of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia are no longer a hierarchy of Indonesian laws and regulations because they are more of a beschiking decision that does not have basic norms like the basic norms owned by the Law, as for the legal design loophole, if the MPR RI still needs its exsistence, it must reposition the MPR RI as an institution that has the basic norms of Indonesian law under the 1945 Constitution as the main basic norm of nation and state.

Produksi Ikan Nila Dengan Kolam Terpal di Desa Kramajaya, Lombok Barat Untuk Mencegah Stunting

Kramajaya Village is one of the stunting loci in Narmada District, West Lombok Regency. Stunting is a problem of chronic malnutrition caused by inadequate nutritional intake over a long period of time due to providing food that is not in accordance with nutritional needs. The way to overcome and prevent stunting from a food perspective is to provide nutritious food to pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and toddlers. These nutritious foods can include eggs, beef, chicken, seawater fish or freshwater fish. Tilapia is a fish that has high nutritional value and is classified as a fish that is low in cholesterol so it is healthy to consume. The results of discussions with the Mandiri Jaya Youth Organization, Kramajaya Village, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency, has abundant water sources. Apart from that, in Kramajaya hamlet there are many yards of residents' houses that have not been utilized optimally. There are no residents who know that the yard can be used to produce tilapia due to lack of knowledge about the technology of cultivating tilapia using tarpaulin ponds. Therefore, there is a need for knowledge transfer and assistance so that village residents, especially the Mandiri Jaya Youth Organization, Kramajaya Village, can produce tilapia fish in tarpaulin ponds to fulfill community nutrition, especially to prevent stunting and help improve the family economy. This counseling will be carried out using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method. Tilapia fish production using tarpaulin ponds in Kramajaya Village, West Lombok, is an effective solution in preventing stunting and improving community nutrition

ANALISIS KOMPARATIF UX DESIGN PADA PLATFORM EDUKASI ONLINE

User experience is the result of what the user feels and thinks when using a product or service, and makes the user experience subjective, therefore the user experience (user experience) can be tested in conjunction with other tests to get an objective assessment of the user when can be done directly with the product. This study will discuss the user experience using the User Experience Questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion methods. The process to be carried out is by using the Brainly and Quora applications obtained from the UEQ and FGD test questionnaires through interviews and data interviews from questionnaires. Based on the results of this study, the results of the analysis and comparisons with UEQ and FGD were obtained. The first test objectively used direct testing to respondents using the UEQ questionnaire which has 6 scales, namely: attractiveness, efficiency, perspective, dependability, stimulation and novelty, which are given to 11 respondents. Second, subjective testing using Focus Group Discussion for perceptions and more detailed user problems with interviews. From the second test conducted, it can be denied that the Brainly application is superior to Quora.

Diet of Black-backed Jackal (Canis mesomelas, Schreber, 1775), impacts on livelihood and perceptions of farmers in Konasa Pulasa community conserved forest, omo valley of Ethiopia

BackgroundLivestock depredation by the black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) occurs widely across Africa. The study on human-jackal conflict is important for conservation efforts in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to investigate the diet of black-backed jackals, to understand their predation effects on domestic livestock and perceptions of farmers’ in the Konasa-Pulasa Community Conserved Forest, Omo Valley of Ethiopia. The study was conducted using scat analysis, questionnaire survey and Focus Group Discussion methods. Livestock depredation and the economic impact of farmers were assessed among 290 randomly selected households. A total of 90 scat samples were collected and analyzed during the dry and wet seasons to identify the diet of jackals.ResultsA total of 624 domestic animals have been lost in the last 5 years (2016–2020). The estimated economic cost of domestic animals lost due to predation by jackals was US $18,180.0 in the last five years, and US $12.5 per year per household. The major diet composition of jackals was of domestic animal origin (45.5%), followed by wild animals (30.8%) in both the dry and wet seasons. However, more prey diversity was recorded during the wet season. The respondents revealed that the causes of black-backed jackal conflict in the study area were higher due to increasing jackal population size (40%). The major traditional mitigation method was guarding (42%). Most of the respondents (48.2%) had negative perceptions towards the conservation of black-backed jackals.ConclusionLivestock depredations by black-backed jackals were the major issue of conflict in the study area. Scat analysis showed that large percentage of domestic animal species remain in the scat of jackals. Livestock losses caused by jackals represent an economic concern for livestock owners in the area. Local people close to the forest boundary were highly vulnerable to domestic animal loss due to predation by jackals. Therefore, improved livestock husbandry methods will be implemented by the local people for effective jackal conservation in Konasa-Pulasa Community Conserved Forest. Understanding the ecological and social dimensions of conflict situations in the area may have important ecological and management implications for the country.

Surabaya Youth Political Discourse in in the Dynamics of Election Information

Youth have become the main agents of change and are usually the most affected by changes in the socio-political context in Indonesia. The very large youth population in Indonesia signifies a great asset for socio-political transformation in the democratic space. Specifically, this study examines youth political discourse in the changes and dynamics of the 2024 General Election. This study aims to identify linguistic expressions of public practice within the scope of youth political culture in Surabaya. Exploration of the relationship between different sets of influences and different types of political activism seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the reasons why young people choose certain paths of political participation regarding the 2024 election. Focus group discussion methods and in-depth interviews are considered most appropriate on the basis of the advantage is in gaining in-depth insights into the respondents' experiences regarding their understanding and conception of the 2024 election. Then a discourse analysis is carried out by comparing the knowledge from general cultural knowledge shared by participants from various social groups and knowledge shared by participants from separate social groups.

Breast cancer patient experiences in the Botswana health system: Is it time for patient navigators?

BackgroundNew models of care are required to support women with breast cancer due to rising incidence and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study gives voice to the experiences of advanced-stage breast cancer patients in the Botswana healthcare system, to guide improved service provision and the potential utility of patient navigator (PN) programs. Methodsfocus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with advanced-stage breast cancer patients recruited from the oncology ward of the public Princess Marina Hospital located in Gaborone, Botswana. ResultsFGDs included 7 female breast cancer patients and their 7 caregivers (2 male and 5 females). Findings fell into the following themes: experiences with cancer diagnosis, experiences with treatment, roles of caregivers, information needs, views on cancer resources, and attitudes towards cancer research. The study identified several barriers across the cascade of care for breast cancer patients in the Botswana health system. These correspond to challenges with timely diagnosis and comprehensive management and highlight community level barriers to achieving the targets of the WHO Global Breast Cancer initiative (GBCI). ConclusionThe study findings suggest PN programs have the potential to bridge barriers identified in the Botswana healthcare system by improving communication, meeting information needs, providing emotional or practical support, and by addressing logistical barriers to cancer diagnosis and treatment in Botswana.