Focus Group Discussion Method Research Articles

PARTISIPASI PEMUDA DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN DI DESA KAHAYYA KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

This study aims to analyze the level of youth participation in community forest (HKm) management, analyze the driving forces and restraining forces of youth participation in community forest management and formulate strategies for increasing youth participation in community forest management. The data obtained were identified and reviewed in the form of a frequency table of Arnstein's degree of involvement, then analyzed descriptively by the Forces Field Analysis and Focus Group Discussion methods. The results showed the level of youth participation was at the degree of non-participation, with a percentage of 71.43%. The factors that encourage youth participation consist of the group facilitator, group meetings, work plan documents, assistance from various parties, the formation of the Social Forestry Business Group (KUPS), and the desire of youth to participate. The factors that inhibit youth participation consist of: lack of youth knowledge in managing community forest, not yet implementing work boundary arrangement activities, youth are not involved in the process of making work plans, and community forest implementation is still carried out individually, the farming experience is still lacking, lack of group capital makes the price of raw materials unstable. An appropriate strategy for increasing youth participation in the management of community forest consists of Conducting meetings involving facilitator, farmer groups and youth to discuss the implementation of management activities (planning, implementation & evaluation) of the community forest-conduct socialization and meetings regarding the contents of the community forest documents that have been made. Make internal group rules regarding product sales prices. Enhance the role of KUPS and conduct training for KUPS administrators to increase their capacity. Youth participate in various types of training conducted by government and non-government organizations (NGOs).

Persons with disabilities’ financial literacy and access to financial services

Persons with disabilities often face various obstacles in accessing financial services. This condition is caused by the lack of financial literacy and the inaccessibility of financial service institutions, both in infrastructure and financial system rules. For this reason, this study aims to explore the financial literacy of persons with disabilities and the accessibility of financial service institutions. Using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and survey methods, this study presents quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis on financial literacy and accessibility of persons with disabilities to financial services. FGDs and surveys were conducted in three cities in East Java Province, namely Surabaya, Malang, and Mojokerto. The results show that the financial literacy of persons with disabilities, as indicated by their abilities to make financial planning, is still very low. In addition, infrastructure accessibility and financial service requirements are inaccessible for persons with disabilities, so that they are reluctant to access the financial services.

Indigenous flood control and management knowledge and flood disaster risk reduction in Nigeria's coastal communities: An empirical analysis

Flooding is one of the major global challenges today. The role of indigenous knowledge in offering an effective risk reduction strategy towards flood disaster disregarded for many decades is now gaining global recognition. There is a growing call for empirical identification of the effectiveness of indigenous knowledge in flood risk reduction. Consequently, this paper empirically examines indigenous flood control and management knowledge with the intent to identify its effectiveness in risk reduction of flood disasters in Nigeria's coastal communities. This is to provide empirical bases for the formulation of appropriate strategies for enhancing flood risk reduction in Nigeria's coastal communities. The research engaged focus group discussion and questionnaire methods to generate primary data. The research proceeds with principal component analysis to classify and measure the effectiveness of indigenous flood control and management knowledge in flood risk reduction. The result shows the existence of eight types of indigenous flood control and management knowledge in the coastal communities and they were 61.2% effective in flood risk reduction. This implies that indigenous flood control and management knowledge practiced in Nigeria's coastal communities is effective in flood risk reduction. This study proposed a sustainable approach to risk reduction in flood disasters based on the integration of indigenous knowledge systems and modern flood management strategies.

CUSTOMARY LAND RIGHTS OF ORANG ASLI: A CASE STUDY IN KAMPUNG PARIT GONG, NEGERI SEMBILAN, MALAYSIA

The Orang Asli group forms a minority community in Peninsular Malaysia, whose livelihood mostly depends on their land and the surrounding area. Dispute over customary land rights of Orang Asli has been continual in Malaysia although Malaysian Courts, in several cases, have upheld the Common Law rights of Orang Asli to their customary lands. This poses a challenge to some Orang Asli communities and State Governments. Based on focus group discussion, profiling survey, and library research methods, this paper analyses the land rights of Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia, by placing focus on Orang Asli in Kampung Parit Gong, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan. The findings indicate that the Kampung Parit Gong Orang Asli community has been strictly adhering to the customs of ‘adat perpatih’ since yesteryears, and that they highly value the land, both through usage of land and by inheritance. Several important concerns were raised by the Orang Asli in Kampung Parit Gong, particularly on the security over their rights on the said customary land and the guarantee of their future generations’ socio-economic wellbeing. Having said that, this paper proposes several legal and administrative measures to not only address the uprising issues, but also to ascertain that the rights of Orang Asli residing in Peninsular Malaysia are secured.

Community perceptions and attitudes regarding epilepsy and disease cost after implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment program in onchocerciasis-endemic communities in the Democratic Republic of Congo

BackgroundIn October 2017, a community-based epilepsy treatment program (CBETP) was initiated in the Logo health zone (Ituri province, Democratic Republic of Congo), consisting mainly of community epilepsy education, provision of free antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and monthly follow-up of persons with epilepsy (PWE). Prior to the implementation of the CBETP, qualitative research had revealed several misconceptions about the cause of epilepsy, major epilepsy-related stigma, and high economic cost for families of PWE mainly because of costly treatment by traditional healers. One year after the implementation of the CBETP, we assessed the perceived effect of this program on the community’s perceptions and attitudes regarding epilepsy and on disease costs. MethodsFocus group discussions (FGD) and semi-structured in-depth interviews (SSI) were conducted with different target groups. Additionally, the cost associated with epilepsy was evaluated using questionnaires administered to 74 PWE and/or their families. ResultsNine FGDs and 16 SSIs were conducted. There was a notable shift in perceptions and attitudes, as most community members no longer believed that epilepsy is contagious, while acknowledging that this condition can be treated in local health centers. Persons with epilepsy and their family experienced less epilepsy-related stigma and consulted less frequently traditional healers; the latter showed a growing willingness to collaborate with health professionals in the management of PWE. The direct and indirect costs for families caring for a PWE decreased by 95.2% and 95.7%, respectively. ConclusionThe main perceived benefits of the CBETP were the decrease in misconceptions about epilepsy and epilepsy-related stigma. Families with PWE understood the benefit of seeking health care from trained health professionals rather than with traditional healers. The direct and indirect costs for families to take care of a PWE reduced considerably after the program. However, the cost-effectiveness and long-term sustainability of this approach remain to be assessed.

Relationship dynamics with male partners among girls in low-income communities of Ibadan, Nigeria: Risk for violence and health related consequences

IntroductionThis study explored the motivations for and relationship dynamics that may promote girls’ vulnerability for intimate partner violence and sources of support reported in unhealthy relationships among girls residing in low-income communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. MethodsFocus group discussions (n = 14; 122 girls) were conducted among girls aged 15–19 years, who reported having been in a relationship lasting at least 3 months. Girls were recruited from schools and worksites where partner violence has been reported in high proportions. Data were analysed using conceptual content analyses and independently coded by two researchers. ResultsAdolescent girls reported keeping their relationships secret from their parents. While girls reported that sometimes relationships were out of love, relationships were also often motivated by girls' financial need. The financial and secretive nature of these relationships appeared to place girls at risk for intimate partner violence, with sexual coercion, resulting in multiple adverse social and health outcomes, including sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. Girls reported that leaving an abusive relationship is especially difficult when girls rely financially, were sexually involved, pregnant, or have had a child with the male partner. Friends/peers, rather than girls’ family, were often the source of support for intimate partner violence. ConclusionEarly identification of unhealthy relationships and supporting girls to be financially independent appear to be critical to reduce vulnerability to violence. Peer-based interventions may be most appropriate, given that girls’ friends, rather than parents, were most often the source of support for intimate partner violence and other relationship challenges.

Socio-Economic Losses of Small Fishermen after Lobster Seeding Banning Policy (Case Study in Batu Nampar Selatan Village, East Lombok Regency)

      The objectives of this study are: 1) to find out the perceptions of small fishermen about PERMEN KP No.1 / 2015 in conjunction with Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No.56 / 2016, 2) to calculate the social losses of small fishermen after the prohibition policy on the prohibition of fishing for lobster seeds, 3) to calculate the economic losses of small fishermen after lobster seed fishing prohibition policy. This research uses descriptive methods and case studies. Apart from interviews with respondents, it was also conducted using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method. The number of respondents was determined as many as 30 people by simple random sampling and the data analysis used consisted of descriptive analysis based on tabulations, and after processing it was presented in tabular form, analysis of people's work days (HKO) and analysis of costs and income. The results showed: 1) The most dominant perception of fishermen is that the existence of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation needs to be reviewed and the compensation provided by the government is not in accordance with the conditions of fishermen 2) Social losses for fishermen in terms of employment of 208 HKO / year, and 3) Economic losses, namely the loss of income of small fishermen of 121,329,000 IDR/ year.

Potensi Novel Cintaku di Lembata Karya Sari Narulita sebagai Media Promosi Pariwisata Lembata - NTT

The designing of promotional media is an important thing in supporting the development of a tourism destination. With the tight competition among the destinations, the tourist choices are swinging choices. These days, the storytelling method is a method that highly buzzed in the marketing because it is considered effective to influence the future consumen emotionally. The novel of Cintaku di Lembata is a travellougue novel which tells about a tour to Lembata Island. Seing to its many predecors that has successfully raise the popularity of the destination that being used as the setting in the novel, then the potential of this novel to become a promostional media for Lembata – NTT is also worth to be researched. The purpose of this research is to know the potential of the novel of Cintaku di Lembata as a promotional media and the strategy that can be applied to maximize its utilization. The researched was conducted qualitatively with the data collection method of observation, interview, and focus group discussion (FGD). The theory that was applied was the theory of tourism promotion and the data analysis was done by using the SWOT method. The result shows that the novel of Cintaku di Lembata is very potential to become a tourism promotional media for Lembata because the content is informative and persuasive. However, there are some adjustments needed to maximize the utilization of the novel Cintaku di Lembata to promote Lembata – NTT. Those adjustments include, among others, in the matter of transforming the form into a film form and to choose the focus of attraction to be shown.
 Keywords: Promotion, Destination, Storytelling, Cintaku di Lembata, NTT, SWOT

Everyday struggle - Gender Equal Working Conditions for Females in Cambodia?

Compared to other East Asian countries, Cambodia has relatively high female labor force participation rates. More than 75 percent of women are working, compared to the regional average of 60% (World Bank 2018). However, the educational background of many people, especially females coming from rural areas, is still poor in Cambodia, Therefore, the garment industry and the construction sector offer low-threshold job possibilities for less educated females in order to gain a stable income. Whereas the garment industry is defined as dominated by females, the construction sector is still characterized as typical male sector. The study aims to ask to what extend less educated females, coming from poor areas of Cambodia can enjoy and benefit from their work lives. In addition, gender stereotypes and gender inequality concerning the female workforce in garment and construction are presented. As previous research has focused on quantitative analysis, this study tried to explore perceptions of females working in the garment and construction sector by using the qualitative method of focus group discussions.

THE ROLE OF SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVES (SACCOS) ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN ZIMBABWE

This paper investigated the role of Savings and Credit Cooperatives (SACCOs) in Zimbabwe using a national baseline survey. Several economic challenges over the past two decades left ordinary citizens unbanked and financially excluded. SACCOs are viewed as a viable option towards financial inclusion. Classical and modern theoretical literature as well as experiences from other African countries were discussed. Data was collected using a triangulation method of questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) across 147 SACCOs. It was observed that there are around 6,028 cooperatives with only 4.8% (289) being SACCOs and majority of members cannot distinguish between cooperatives and SACCOs. More than 90% cited that economic and political conditions eroded their savings value thereby reducing confidence in thrift models. 77 SACCOs (52.8%) do not own assets, and only 6.2% have over 1,000 members. Discrepancies emanate from inconsistent subscriptions, unfavorable and outdated government by-laws. SACCOs are classified as high-risk borrowers due to inconsistent subscriptions and poorly audited financial statements resulting in high interest rates and adverse selection. The study recommends additional training to increase administrative capacity and the scope of SACCOs, increased coordination of operations to reduce systematic risk through consistent by-laws and economic policies that stimulate stability and restore confidence in the financial sector.

Rural to urban migration of disaster induced displaced people in coastal area of Bangladesh: An analysis of risk and opportunity

Displacement is the earlier concept of civilization but climate induced displacement is the contemporary issue as climate victim of modern and industrialized world. The prime aim of the study was to investigate the rural to urban migration of disaster induced displacement in coastal area of Bangladesh addressing to risks and opportunities. The study mainly based on primary data and secondary data was used for validation. Primary data have been obtained through the quantitative along with qualitative sources. Qualitative data were attained through Participant Observation, Key Informant Interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods. Quantitative data have been acquired through the field study consisting of a questionnaire survey. Data were interpreted by the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS-20). The study reveals that after displacement nearly 89% displaced people migrated from rural (Kutubdia Island) to Cox’s Bazar urban area. Consequently, meantime their monthly income, occupational status, housing and sanitation condition, source of drinking water and health care facilities were changed positively but in most cases they are dissatisfied. Because they lost their traditional and indigenous occupations system (after migration nearly 30% dissatisfied about their occupation but before migration it was 16%) and their housing pattern and conditions become worsen. Availability of water and sanitation facility and healthcare seeking behavior changed positively in the urban area. However, in urban area they faced multi-dimensional problems such as harassment by mussel man (14%) and local elite group influence (32%), loss of identity and dignity, freedom of speech, social stratification, loss of socio-cultural harmony and fear of eviction as well as involvement of different types of illegal activities, such as drug addiction and smuggling and so on. Finally, the study revealed that there is risk and opportunity for climate displaced people in urban migration. However, planned migration of disaster induced displaced people can reduce the risk factors in the urban setting.

The application of FGD to support concept of National Policy on health and safety work procedures on ATC employees in Indonesia

ObjectiveThis study aims to conduct a focused discussion regarding the concept of a national policy on health and safety work procedures for ATC employees in Indonesia. MethodsThe research is a qualitative study with case study design. Data was collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method. A total of 11 informants participated in this study. Data were analyzed with content analysis method. ResultsIt was found that all informants have positive perception to this model and agree to support the ATC employee's policy development. ConclusionIt can be concluded that in general, all informants support the concept of a national policy on health and safety work procedures for ATC employees in Indonesia. Therefore, it is hoped that a policy will be formed that focuses on improving ATC performance so that it can work healthy and safely.

Influence of Cultural Health Beliefs on Healthcare Providers/Patients Communication

The study examined the influence of cultural health beliefs on healthcare providers/ patients’ communication in primary healthcare centers in Delta state, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to ascertain whether the cultural health beliefs of the respondents influenced communication between healthcare providers and patients in the area of study as well as the medication adherence and healthcare seeking behaviours of the patients. The triangulation approach was adopted for the study, using a combination of Survey and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods. Under survey method, a sample of 316 respondents was purposively selected and studied using the instrumentation of the questionnaire for data collection. Also, Sixty eight (68) FGD participants and sixteen (16) in-depth interviewees featured in the respective FGD and in-depth interview sessions that were conducted in the study. The theoretical framework for the study was provided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The result of the study showed that, whereas respondents’ cultural health beliefs did not influence communication between providers and patients, they influenced patients’ medication adherence and healthcare seeking behaviours.

CUSTOMARY LAND RIGHTS OF ORANG ASLI: A CASE STUDY IN KAMPUNG PARIT GONG, NEGERI SEMBILAN, MALAYSIA

The Orang Asli group forms a minority community in Peninsular Malaysia, whose livelihood mostly depends on their land and the surrounding area. Dispute over customary land rights of Orang Asli has been continual in Malaysia although Malaysian Courts, in several cases, have upheld the Common Law rights of Orang Asli to their customary lands. This poses a challenge to some Orang Asli communities and State Governments. Based on focus group discussion, profiling survey, and library research methods, this paper analyses the land rights of Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia, by placing focus on Orang Asli in Kampung Parit Gong, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan. The findings indicate that the Kampung Parit Gong Orang Asli community has been strictly adhering to the customs of ‘adat perpatih’ since yesteryears, and that they highly value the land, both through usage of land and by inheritance. Several important concerns were raised by the Orang Asli in Kampung Parit Gong, particularly on the security over their rights on the said customary land and the guarantee of their future generationsâ€%9

Participants' Views on Lifestyle Intervention Program Enhancing Long-Term Health-Related Behaviors Improvement among Prehypertension and/or Prediabetes Mellitus Older Adults: A Qualitative Study Examined in Thailand at Health Promoting Hospitals.

This study aimed to investigate the view of prediabetes and prehypertension elderly patients living around temple on long-term self-management in proficient way underneath the lifestyle intervention program based on both focus-group discussion and In-depth interview methods to fill the gap in partially successful intervention. 62 participants were selected from 220 participants of the quantitative published study by 2 researchers. The triangulation method was used to put great emphasis on the consistency and the credibility of the results. Almost all of the participants had benefited from the program regarding proper foods, suitable exercise and an inspiration of lifestyle modification. They made changes of eating behavior and exercise behavior during program attendance, however, after the program had finished, they had minimal concern to take care of themselves. Nonetheless, more than half of them demonstrated some health-related behaviors changes due to they gave the value of the suggestion in different aspects. Moreover, high-frequency program attendance was not related to blood results improvement. The knowledge obtained from program intervention together with adequate contact between the patient and the program staff, personal problems solving, personal attitude, practice and acceptable played a key role for long-term lifestyle modification and completely successful intervention.

Case Study Analysis as an Effective Teaching Strategy: Perceptions of Undergraduate Nursing Students From a Middle Eastern Country.

Background: Case study analysis is an active, problem-based, student-centered, teacher-facilitated teaching strategy preferred in undergraduate programs as they help the students in developing critical thinking skills. Objective: It determined the effectiveness of case study analysis as an effective teacher-facilitated strategy in an undergraduate nursing program. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative research design using focus group discussion method guided the study. The sample included undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the Maternal Health Nursing Course during the Academic Years 2017 and 2018. The researcher used a purposive sampling technique and a total of 22 students participated in the study, through five (5) focus groups, with each focus group comprising between four to six nursing students. Results: In total, nine subthemes emerged from the three themes. The themes were “Knowledge development”, “Critical thinking and Problem solving”, and “Communication and Collaboration”. Regarding “Knowledge development”, the students perceived case study analysis method as contributing toward deeper understanding of the course content thereby helping to reduce the gap between theory and practice especially during clinical placement. The “Enhanced critical thinking ability” on the other hand implies that case study analysis increased student's ability to think critically and aroused problem-solving interest in the learners. The “Communication and Collaboration” theme implies that case study analysis allowed students to share their views, opinions, and experiences with others and this enabled them to communicate better with others and to respect other's ideas which further enhanced their team building capacities. Conclusion: This method is effective for imparting professional knowledge and skills in undergraduate nursing education and it results in deeper level of learning and helps in the application of theoretical knowledge into clinical practice. It also broadened students’ perspectives, improved their cooperation capacity and their communication with each other. Finally, it enhanced student's judgment and critical thinking skills which is key for their success.

Use of ICT in Classroom: An Analysis of Teachers' and Students' Perception on ICT Tools

The ICT integrated teaching forcefully underpinning in our education system as a pedagogical intervention. The teachers and students are trying to habituate with incorporating their teaching learning activities. In this situation, this study has to explore the situation of ICT tools use by teachers and students for ICT integrated teaching in higher education classroom. For this purpose, I adopted the social constructivist approach of learning for supporting to view the reality. Based on this theoretical approach, I used the qualitative research design where applied the phenomenology method of inquiry. The three methods focus group discussion, in-depth interview and personal introspection have used to collect the in-depth information from the informants. The major finding is that the social media tools like Face book, Gmail, Blogs were not popular in teaching. The teachers and students are used the hardware related tools like laptop, desktop computer, multimedia projector, cell phone and software related tools like office program, Face book, twitter, blog. The highly prefer tools have laptop/ desktop computer, multimedia projector, cell phone and software tools like internet, email, office program and related apps like Moodle. The ICT tools are inevitable phenomena for effective delivery of knowledge and skills in higher education teaching to meet the global needs of education.

The Madhesh Movement: Socio-economic life of displaced households (post displaced impact) in the Tarai-Madhesh

Madhesh movement is a series of spontaneous, aggressive responses and reaction caused by social injustices and discriminatory activities, imposed by the state on the part of the Tarai-Madhesh inhabitants (the Madheshis) for centuries. Although it was dormant during the whole past centuries, it exploded in 2007 in a more exposable and organized way. The Madhesh movement has connection with Maoist movement; it is result of Maoist movement. The Madheshi learnt to revolt by the Maoist and followed the same sorts of strategy to motivate the Madheshi people in Tarai-Madhesh. The Madhesh movement has been playing a vital role in the mainstream politics of Nepal, forming significant socio-political discourse. This study has used semi-structural interview, key informant interview, focus group discussion and case study method. The secondary data available in news series and journals helps to analyze of post-displacement impact in Tarai-Madhesh. The Tarai-Madhesh is demographically a very heterogeneous mixture of the people of the Madheshi origin and people of the Pahade (Hill people) origin. However, the Madhesh movement caused some degrees of displacement on the part of the people of the Pahade origin, on the basis of geographical and ethnic roots. Socio-economic life of displaced households in the Tarai-Madhesh (post-displacement impact): Regarding displacement, mostly the people of Pahade (hill people) origin were targeted by the Madhesh movement activists in Madheshi majority locations and were forced to get displaced. However, surprisingly, the displaced inhabitants held no complaints against the displacement inducing circumstances and were quickly adapted to the new relocated places.

ANALISIS SWOT PENELITIAN DAN PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN

Pusat Pengembangan Kewirausahaan (PPKwu) seeks to become an independent study center, a center that has excellent activities that impact on increasing the group index through research and community service (P2M). This study aims to improve the quality and quantity of P2M so that it is expected to become an independent and superior study center. Through the preparation of a SWOT analysis, the study center is expected to improve and connect the study center services to students and the community, increase the Group Index so that it can achieve UNS's mission, UNS to become a world-class university. The preparation of SWOT analysis was carried out using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method. The resource persons and discussants are PPKwu peer groups. The results of this study are to obtain a SWOT analysis and a plan for improvement from the SWOT analysis. The improvement plans that have been prepared include: developing networks and cooperation for entrepreneurship development with various parties both domestically and abroad in relation to research and community service; improve the quality of Community Service in the form of education & training, consultation, apprenticeship, mentoring and research in the field of entrepreneurship; initiating the growth of WUB among students and society; conduct research related to the development of WUB and businesses that are owned by students and the community; publishing research results on entrepreneurship development through national and international journals and websites; making textbooks on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial culture; conduct research on entrepreneurship development models; dedication of WUB and UMKM facilitation to apply for HKI. Keywords: analysis, ppkwu, study center, SWOT

Knowledge and Practice of Social Responsibility among Women Entrepreneurs in Akoko Land, Nigeria

The main thrust of this study is to investigate the knowledge of social responsibility (SR) and the practice among women entrepreneurs of Akoko land. With the surge in entrepreneurial activities among women and the attendant peculiarities of production and marketing, the study sought to find out (i) What knowledge women entrepreneurs have on SR (ii) Do they practice social responsibility at all? and (iii) the impediments towards the practice. It does this through a qualitative method of Focus Group Discussion among 220 women entrepreneurs in the four Local Government Areas of Akoko land - Akoko North- east, North-west, South- east and South- west in the production of cassava flour, palm oil, locust bean and cellophane bags. Findings revealed that the women entrepreneurs displayed a skewed knowledge of SR in their act of communalism and philanthropy. The study therefore, recommends that there is the need to sensitize women entrepreneurs on a good understanding of SR to impact on them the responsibility of business ethics and also promote sustainable development.