Risks such as smuggling of drugs, smuggling of weapons and commercial fraud highlighted the vulnerability of the customs supply chain. Therefore, their economic, political and social impacts are highly detrimental to the countries, businesses and to the public. Risk management plays a major role in mastering safety in a proactive manner. For this reason, customs supply chain, faced with these risks, requires specific and adequate responses such as techniques, attitudes and strategies for risk management. This paper aims to set up a new concept 'customs supply chain', and design a specification of this concept by establishing the conceptual, structural and functional aspects of customs supply chain. This paper also deals with a new approach for managing risks in customs supply chain based on failure modes effects criticality analysis (FMECA method). Such new approach aims to not only determine the key critical risks using criticality as a risk indicator, but also recommend the best possible solutions to ma...