Fluoride Tablets Research Articles

Acute fluoride poisoning after ingestion of sodium fluoride tablets.

Between 1978 and 1983, at least 20 children with fluoride poisoning were admitted to two major children's hospitals in Brisbane. Data on telephone calls received by Poisons Information Centres in Australia about fluoride toxicity show that Brisbane, the water supply of which is not fluoridated, received approximately twice as many calls per head of population as were received in Sydney and Melbourne. Concern is also expressed at the standard of packaging of fluoride tablets currently marketed in Australia. A treatment plan for cases of acute fluoride poisoning after oral ingestion is presented.

Fluoride tablets and dental health.

Abstract— In a study comprising 306 children aged 4 to 12 years the use of fluoride tablets, in particular their daily intake, was found to be associated with reduced caries experience and increased utilization of dental services. However, because their use is evidently accompanied by improved oral hygiene and reduced consumption of cariogenic food, the caries reductions observed are probably not due solely to the tablets.

Determination of Fluoride in Fluoride Tablets and Solutions by Ion-Selective Electrode: Collaborative Study

A proposed method using the fluoride (F) ion-selective electrode has been developed for determining the fluoride ion concentration in tablets and solutions containing sodium fluoride. The method has been subjected to collaborative study. Eight samples consisting of 2 authentic fluoride solutions, 2 commercial fluoride solutions, and 4 commercial fluoride tablets were sent to each of 11 collaborators together with a copy of the method. Single assays on the authentic fluoride solutions known to contain 1 mg F/5 mL were performed with average recoveries of 99.5 and 99.6% and relative coefficients of variation (CV) of 2.11 and 1.91%, respectively. Single assays of 2 commercial fluoride solutions declared at 1 mg F/5 mL gave mean values of 0.994 and 0.990 mg and relative CV values of 1.88 and 2.36%, respectively. Single assays of 2 commercial fluoride tablet preparations declared at 0.5 mg F gave mean values of 0.485 and 0.478 mg and relative CV values of 3.12 and 3.71%, respectively. Single assays of 2 commercial fluoride tablet preparations declared at 1 mg F gave mean values of 0.991 and 0.981 mg and relative CV values of 2.99 and 2.85%, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action.

Migration of fluoride in the mouth.

This paper describes an attempt to follow the migration of fluoride in the mouth following dissolution of a fluoride tablet, placed at one asymetrically situated position in the mouth, by measuring fl

The relationship between plasma fluoride, urinary excretion rate and urine fluoride concentration in man.

The fluoride concentration in urine is commonly used for monitoring fluoride exposure, e.g., in aluminium plants. Hitherto this parameter does not seem to have been related to the actual fluoride concentration in plasma following fluoride exposure. In the present study the fluoride concentration in urine, the urinary excretion rate of fluoride and the fluoride concentration in plasma have been studied in five volunteers after intake of 10 mg of fluoride in the form of sodium fluoride (NaF) tablets. In pharmacokinetic analyses of the data calculation of the half-life of fluoride from plasma data and from the urinary excretion rate yielded almost identical results; 5.78 hours (plasma) and 5.11 hours (urine). It was found that plasma fluoride levels were correlated with the fluoride concentration in urine (r = .7532; n = 70), but even more with the urinary excretion rate of fluoride (r = .9651; n = 63). The data suggest that plasma fluoride levels or urinary excretion rates of fluoride may give a more correct picture of occupational fluoride exposure than fluoride concentrations in urine.

Fluoride supplementation: Glenn F, Glenn W, Duncan R: Fluoride tablet supplementation during pregnancy for caries immunity: A study of the offspring produced. Am J Obstet Gynecol 143:560, 1982

Fluoride supplementation: Glenn F, Glenn W, Duncan R: Fluoride tablet supplementation during pregnancy for caries immunity: A study of the offspring produced. Am J Obstet Gynecol 143:560, 1982

Plasma fluoride concentrations in pre-school children after ingestion of fluoride tablets and toothpaste.

Plasma fluoride (F) concentration and urinary F excretion were studied in 5 children, age 3–4 years, after intake of F tablets (0.5 mg) and 0.6 g of two NaF toothpastes containing 0.1 and 0.025% F – c

Enamel mineralization disturbances in 12‐year‐old children with known early exposure to fluorides

Enamel changes and caries experience were studied in 134 12-year-old children with a known early exposure to fluoride tablets and/or fluoride containing toothpaste. The influence of birth weight and breast-feeding period was also analyzed. A clinical intact enamel was found in 32% of the children. Enamel fluorosis was found in 45% and localized opacities or hypoplasias in 40%. Children who had consumed fluoride tablets for a period of at least 12 months from the age of 6 months ran a 5.4 times greater risk of developing enamel fluorosis than children with no such consumption. No such risk could be shown in children who at 6 or 12 months of age started to use fluoride toothpaste. There was no statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of smooth surface caries or fillings in children with an exposure to fluoride tablets.

A time-related study of intake pattern of fluoride tablets among Swedish preschoolchildren and parental attitudes.

The principal aim of this study was to investigate sodium fluoride tablet consumption and its variability over a particular period. Information was collected from questionnaires sent in 1975 and 1980 to all parents of children born in Lund, Sweden, in 1967 and 1972 and still resident in this city, where drinking water contains 0.2 parts/10(6) F. The results showed that 69% of the children born in 1967 (n = 373) had taken tablets at some time during the period 1/2-7 years of age and that 13% had consumed tablets regularly for minimum 5 1/2 years. The corresponding figures for children born in 1972 (n = 474) were 51% and 12%, respectively. Sporadic consumers were responsible for the main difference (15%) between the two populations. A selection of parents from the 1975 and 1980 materials was made with respect to duration of consumption and level of parental education. The frequency of non-users had increased mostly among families with a higher parental education. For those parents who had not given their children tablets or had ceased to do so, the 1980 inquiry was enlarged with questions about reasons for this. The item marked most frequently (56%) implied that fluoride may be dangerous to swallow. Another 13% responded that they had not been recommended to give their children tablets. However, topical use of fluoride in toothpaste during preschool age and in mouthrinses from 6 years of age is, according to the present study, well accepted.

A community study of fluoride tablets for school children in portsmouth. results after six years.

A community study of fluoride tablets for school children in portsmouth. results after six years

Dental health practices in Norwegian adults.

A nationwide sample of 1511 Norwegian adults were interviewed in 1979-80 concerning health habits, including dental habits. While daily toothbrushing and regular treatment attendance appeared to have become the rule among young and middle aged individuals, use of dental floss and especially of fluoride tablets or rinses, still are the exception. Dental health habits were clustered around the variable treatment attendance with slightly different patterns for men and for women. Measures of sugar consumptions were only slightly correlated with background variables and dental health behavior. While the latter was socially dependent, consumption of sugar probably was attached to personal characteristics or situational factors. The correlations between dental health behavior and other health behavior practices were generally weak, and somewhat different for men and women. Two separate types of motives for preventive behavior were distinguished between: health motives and cosmetic motives.

Fluoride tablet supplementation during pregnancy for caries immunity: A study of the offspring produced

Evidence continues to accumulate that the fetal nutritional need for the mineral fluoride begins early in pregnancy and that tablet supplementation is required during the last two trimesters to supply that need, since fluoridated water alone during pregnancy is not sufficient. This study of 492 children confirms the safety and efficacy of using a sodium fluoride tablet supplement, by means of which the obstetrician can help his pregnant patients produce children with superior teeth that are immune to decay.

Renal clearance of fluoride in a steady state condition in man: influence of urinary flow and pH changes by diet.

In order to study fluoride renal clearance, four subjects were given 3 mg fluoride as sodium fluoride tablets every 6 hrs for 60 hrs during two separate periods - during production of acid urine induced by a protein rich diet and during production of alkaline urine obtained by giving a vegetarian diet. Plasma and urine were collected every third hour for 72 hours during each experiment. In the protein rich diet period urinary pH was significantly lower than when the subjects were maintained on the vegetarian diet. Lower urinary output of fluoride during the protein rich diet experiment was recorded, however, the difference was not significant. Plasma fluoride at steady state was almost the same during both experiments. Renal fluoride clearance was significantly correlated to urinary pH in both types of experiments. When renal fluoride clearance was plotted versus urinary flow, the correlation was only significant during alkaline conditions. The average renal clearance was not significantly different between the two sets of experiments. It may be concluded, that pH and diuresis both influences fluoride renal clearance. Moreover, the results suggests that dietary components as such, influence renal clearance of fluoride in some way or another.

Caries-Preventive Effects of Fluoride Tablets in Schoolchildren Four Years after Discontinuation of Treatments

The Wayne County data indicate that administration of fluoride tablets in school should be recommended in nonfluoridated areas as an effective public health measure to prevent dental caries. In addition to reducing dental caries effectively, administering fluoride tablets in school has a number of other desirable features; it is safe and relatively inexpensive; it requires no paper products and thus eliminates waste disposal; it takes little time to administer (less than three minutes per day for a classroom of average size); it is easy for young children to learn and to do; and it can be supervised by teachers, aides, or volunteers after minimal training. Findings that benefits still persist, although perhaps to a slightly lesser degree, four years after treatment is discontinued further accentuate the public health appeal of the procedure. The data give no indication that two fluoride tablets a day are more protective than one tablet a day. Therefore, a single one-mg fluoride tablet daily is recommended for school programs because of lower cost and greater feasibility.

Fluoride balance studies in ambulatory healthy men with and without fluoride supplements

Fluoride balances were determined in healthy adult males under metabolic ward conditions. This is the first fluoride study to use the diffusion method in exploring the balances of subjects ingesting basal (i.e., everyday) diets with deionized water for cooking and drinking. Certain groups were given daily supplements of 5 or 10 mg. fluoride as sodium fluoride in divided doses with meals. Fluoride was measured in the diets, sodium fluoride tablets, urine, feces, and serum. Approximately 90% of the fluoride excreted was found in the urine and the remainder in the feces in all groups. In the control subjects, fluoride balances were uniformly negative (mean of -0.40 mg/day); in contrast, balances were uniformly positive (mean of +1.38 and +2.88 mg/day, respectively) in subjects receiving 5 or 10 mg F supplements daily. Serum ionic fluoride concentration increased proportionally to fluoride intake and averaged 0.016, 0.029, and 0.040 ppm in the control, 5-mg and 10-mg groups, respectively. These fluoride supplements did not cause any clinical or laboratory abnormality in any subjects.

Dental health and parental attitudes in Finnish immigrant preschoolchildren in the north of Sweden.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the dental health of 100 Finnish 4-6-year-old children in Luleå, in the north of Sweden, and to compare data with those from a matched control group of Swedish children of the same age, sex and social background. The study also included attitudes to dental health among the parents. The clinical examination included registration of decayed, extracted and filled teeth and surfaces (deft and defs), gingival bleeding points (GBI) and presence of open bite or crossbite. Posterior bitewings were taken. Data concerning among other things oral habits, dietary habits and fluoride prophylaxis were taken. A questionnaire about the parents' attitudes to their own and their children's dental health as well as their opinion about the dental care received by their children was filled in. The results showed that the average defs in the Finnish group was 12.2 compared to 6.4 in the Swedish group. The percentage of children with a defs greater than 12 was 43% in the Finnish group and 19% in the Swedish. The mean GBI% was 11.2% in the Finnish and 8.2% in the Swedish group. The results showed a statistically significant difference in tooth brushing frequencies between the groups, and a tendency to better dietary habits in the Swedish group. There were no differences in the use of fluoride tablets or fluoridated toothpaste. Forty-seven percent of the Finnish parents were denture wearers compared to 10% of the Swedish. The attitudes to dental health among the Finnish parents differed from those in the Swedish group. This difference in attitudes together with language problems were the factors found that could explain the difference in dental health between the immigrant group and the Swedish group.

Dental knowledge, attitude and behavior in 12‐year‐old Dutch suburban children

A questionnaire on dental knowledge, attitude and behavior was presented to Dutch suburban children in the 6th grade (n = 399). The mean age was 12.3 years. The children scored relatively high on knowledge and attitude. Girls scored better on knowledge and attitude than boys. However, the differences were small. Between socioeconomic classes no differences were found in knowledge scores. The attitude of the higher socioeconomic classes was more positive than that of the lower classes. With regard to behavior more than 90% of the children reported that they have their own toothbrush, use toothpaste containing fluoride and visit the dentist every 6 months. Further it was found that 69% eat sweets several times a day, 53% offer sweets in school when they celebrate their birthday, 28% brush their teeth less than twice a day, 45% sometimes forget to brush their teeth and 44% use fluoride tablets. No clear differences in behavior between boys and girls were found. The higher the socioeconomic class of the children the higher the toothbrushing frequency, the more fluoride tablets are used and the lower the sweet consumption frequency. Although almost all children stated that their parents consider toothbrushing important, 24% were not supervised. It is also suggested that effectiveness of dental health education on behavior should not be evaluated in short term studies.

In vitro release and in vivo serum fluoride levels and urinary excretion after different sodium fluoride tablets.

Various sodium fluoride tablets used for the treatment of osteoporosis were evaluated. The tablets were characterized in vitro by determining the release curves. The serum levels and urinary recovery of fluoride were determined after a single oral dose either of rapidly soluble (conventional), sustained release or enterocoated tablets. The in vivo study showed that administration of sustained release tablets eliminated high serum peaks and prolonged the duration of an elevated serum level as compared to conventional tablets. The biovailability of the fluoride was lower after intake of sustained release and enterocoated tablets, and there was an increase in the interindividual variance of biovailability.

Fluoride tablets and salivary fluoride levels.

Mixed salivary fluoride levels have been measured after 9 subjects sucked or slowly dissolved three different brands of 1 mg F–– fluoride tablets. Results indicate that for all preparations

Dental caries in the cantons of Glarus and Waadt, 4 years and 8 years after the introduction of fluordized salt

In 1955 for the first time 90 mg of fluoride was added to 1-kg domestic salt packages in Switzerland. This dosage turned out to be too low for an effective inhibition of caries. Later the fluoride level of salt for use in households, bakeries, canteens and restaurants was raised to 250 mg/kg in the cantons of Vaud (1970) and Glarus (1975). Average numbers of DMF-teeth of schoolchildren initially and after 4 years (canton of Glarus) and 8 years (canton of Vaud) of salt fluoridation (250 ppmF) show a reduction of caries experience. Decreases failed to appear only in age classes with initially low caries experience, the latter having been due to previous distribution of fluoride tablets.