Groundwater Level Fluctuations Research Articles

ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ РЕМЕДІАЦІЇ ГЕОЛОГІЧНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ СКЛАДУ ПАЛИВНО-МАСТИЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ АЕРОПОРТУ "БОРИСПІЛЬ"

This paper is devoted to the topical problem of remediation of the subsurface contaminated with petroleum products. Subsurface contamination with petroleum products on the territory of the fuel and lubricants warehouse of Boryspil Airport in the form of the aviation kerosene lens has occured for a long time. Remediation works on the removal of mobile petroleum products and contaminated groundwater, which were carried out at the research site, did not allow to completely eliminate contamination. To determine the efficiency of liquidation pumping of mobile petroleum products and groundwater, the volume and state of petroleum products in soil and their transformation under the influence of groundwater level fluctuations were assessed. Using the method we developed, the minimum value of the thickness of a petroleum product layer in a well, at which mobile petroleum products are absent in soil and liquidation pumping becomes inefficient, was calculated,. According to the monitoring data and calculation of the kerosene volume in the lens, liquidation pumping on the contaminated area led to the stabilization of contamination spreading and reduction of the aviation kerosene lens area.

Shallow and deep submarine groundwater discharge to a tropical sea: Implications to coastal hydrodynamics and aquifer vulnerability

The groundwater of the coastal aquifers, the primary source of drinking water for the community around it, is under stress due to changing climatic conditions, extreme climate events, over-exploitation, and natural/anthropogenic interferences. To sustain coastal groundwater, it is essential to understand the hydrogeological control on the distribution of salinity and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in various spatial and temporal scales at different depths. This study is focused to delineate the SGD and salinity distribution for shallow surficial and deep aquifers by application of the hydrogeochemical and geophysical approach in an intertidal zone. The resistivity [Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES)] and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data show surficial aquifers have (up to 1.5 m below ground level (m bgl)) have higher freshwater discharge at the post-monsoon season and recirculation of infiltrated brackish water with increasing offshore distances. The re-circulated seawater in distant offshore was also predominant for intermediate (>1.5 up to 100 m bgl) (brackish water-saturated) and deeper depths (>100 m bgl) (fresh groundwater), which is observed from the distinct resistivity contrasts from VES. The interaction process for all the depths with seawater has been induced by the coastal hydrodynamics, meteoric recharge, and fluctuation of groundwater levels. However, variations of resistivity and sounding data delineate that the groundwater resources underneath the shallow depth brackish water are physically vertically disconnected from the surficial aquifer, but spatial variation in sounding data shows the hydraulic connectivity, which would lead to a serious concern for fresh groundwater resources, where density-dependent transportation of solute is plausible, both vertically and horizontally.

Nitrogen Migration and Transformation Mechanism in the Groundwater Level Fluctuation Zone of Typical Medium

Because of the nitrogen pollution problem in groundwater, the migration conversion mechanism of nitrogen in groundwater level fluctuations was analyzed. Technology and methods through indoor experiments and theoretical analysis were used to study coarse sand, medium sand, and fine sand groundwater level fluctuation in the aeration zone and saturated zone under the situation of nitrogen distribution characteristics, revealing groundwater level fluctuation with the nitrogen migration mechanism. The experimental results showed that the variation range of the nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−−N) concentration with the water level is medium sand > fine sand > coarse sand. The ammonium nitrogen (NH4+−N) concentration showed a downward trend after water level fluctuations, and there were more apparent fluctuations in coarse sand and medium sand. The nitrite nitrogen (NO2−−N) in coarse sand and medium sand first increased the water level and then gradually reached a balance. The sampling points below the water level in fine sand showed a downward trend with fluctuation of the water level, and then gradually reached equilibrium. The results provide a scientific basis for the remediation and treatment of soil and groundwater pollution.

Approach to view groundwater level fluctuations on an aquifer to national scale

South Africa is known for droughts and their effect on groundwater. Water levels decrease, and some boreholes run dry during low recharge periods. Groundwater level fluctuations result from various factors, and the comparison of the levels can be a challenge if not well understood. The “Groundwater Level Status” approach was developed to simplify the analysis of groundwater level fluctuations. Groundwater levels of two boreholes within different hydrogeological settings can thus be compared with each other. The current groundwater level is given as the status, which is compared to the shallowest and deepest groundwater levels ever measured at the geosite. The “Status” can now be used to indicate the severity of the drought and thus be used as a possible groundwater restriction level indicator. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.6.1 calculation on the groundwater level change is based on the groundwater level status approach. This paper presents the approach's details with a description of its use and limitations of the approach. The applicability to use the approach from a national to a local level will be showcased through practical examples of the recent droughts that have hit South Africa from 2010 to 2018.

Developing a novel framework for forecasting groundwater level fluctuations using Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) deep neural network

In this study, mean monthly groundwater level (GWL) fluctuations of four different monitoring piezometers are forecasted in an agricultural area by developing new proposed structures of BiLSTM based neural network models. For developing models, 186 monthly measured water table depth during time period (Sep 2001–Feb 2017) are employed. Due to a lack of meteorological variables records, the module of sequence-to-one is employed. By tuning several hyperparameters such as the number of hidden units (NHU), kind of state activation function (SAF), learning dropout rate (P-rate), and network topology pattern (NTP), the performance of designed models is improved. Based on results of modelling, in all designed models, the optimal P-rate is obtained 0.5, and the running time decrease by increasing P-rate in the same model. Since harsh fluctuations of GWL, the general Single-LSTM mode (1) and Single-BiLSTM model (2) perform too weak compared to other models. Nonetheless, by deepening models through adding the suitable hidden layers instead of many numbers of nodes, the performance of Single-BiLSTM model is improved strikingly. Based on statistical evaluation metrics, violin plot, and also TLP (Total Learnable Parameters) value, novel proposed model (5) (simple Double-BiLSTM model combined by a Multiplication layer (×)) is selected as the superior model. In the piezometer 4 with a range of 4.49 (m), the model (5) yielded in an R2 of 0.89 and an RMSE of 0.17 (m), while in the same physical characteristics, the simple Double-BiLSTM model (3) yielded in an R2 of 0.77 and an RMSE of 0.25 (m).

Application of machine learning to aquifer analyses：locating hydrogeological boundaries with water table monitoring data

Groundwater level fluctuations in China are being monitored with unprecedented frequency and density, which drives the need for mining such types of data. In a typical aquifer analysis project, groundwater level data is generally applied after the completion of the aquifer conceptual framework. When the temporal and spatial density of groundwater level data gradually increases, the information gain needs to be effectively transformed into conceptual knowledge of the model. In this study, we propose a method to identify hydrological boundaries based on the groundwater level monitoring data. In this method we discretize space into a triangular mesh using monitoring wells as the initial nodes, and a transformation function gradF is defined to calculate the hydraulic gradient at any given location on the mesh. The hydraulic gradient field is subsequently use to drive an array of randomly scattered particles to obtain the streamline representation of the flow field, which will in turn serve as the basis for deducing and refining the recharge and discharge boundaries of a hydrogeological domain. This method is implemented into the geo-environmental scientific computation platform (EnviFusion-CGS), and a detailed work flow is developed to facilitate the development of the aquifer conceptual model. This method is applied to the hydrogeological investigation of the Dagu aquifer located in Qingdao of Shandong Province, where the spatial distributions and dynamic fluctuations of the hydrogeological boundaries are identified.

Explainable AI reveals new hydroclimatic insights for ecosystem-centric groundwater management

Trustworthy projections of hydrological droughts are pivotal for identifying the key hydroclimatic factors that affect future groundwater level (GWL) fluctuations in drought-prone karstic aquifers that provide water for human consumption and sustainable ecosystems. Herein, we introduce an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework integrated with scenario-based downscaled climate projections from global circulation models. We use the integrated framework to investigate nonlinear hydroclimatic dependencies and interactions behind future hydrological droughts in the Edwards Aquifer Region, an ecologically fragile groundwater-dependent semi-arid region in southern United States. We project GWLs under different future climate scenarios to evaluate the likelihood of severe hydrological droughts under a warm-wet future in terms of mandated groundwater pumping reductions in droughts as part of the habitat conservation plan in effect to protect threatened and endangered endemic aquatic species. The XAI model accounts for the expected non-linear dynamics between GWLs and climatic variables in the complex human-natural system, which is not captured in simple linear models. The XAI-based analysis reveals the critical temperature inflection point beyond which groundwater depletion is triggered despite increased average precipitation. Compound effects of increased evapotranspiration, lower soil moisture, and reduced diffuse recharge due to warmer temperatures could amplify severe hydrological droughts that lower GWLs, potentially exacerbating the groundwater sustainability challenges in the drought-prone karstic aquifer despite an increasing precipitation trend.

Formulating GA-SOM as a Multivariate Clustering Tool for Managing Heterogeneity of Aquifers in Prediction of Groundwater Level Fluctuation by SVM Model

Formulating GA-SOM as a Multivariate Clustering Tool for Managing Heterogeneity of Aquifers in Prediction of Groundwater Level Fluctuation by SVM Model

Investigation of Sentinel-1-derived land subsidence using wavelet tools and triple exponential smoothing algorithm in Lagos, Nigeria

Lagos has a history of long-term groundwater abstraction that is often compounded by the rising indiscriminate siting of private borehole and water well. This has resulted in various forms of environmental degradation, including land subsidence. Prediction of the temporal evolution of land subsidence is central to successful land subsidence management. In this study, a triple exponential smoothing algorithm was applied to predict the future trend of land subsidence in Lagos. Land subsidence time series was computed with SBAS-InSAR technique with Sentinel-1 acquisitions from 2015 to 2019. Besides, Matlab wavelet tool was implemented to investigate the periodicity within land displacement signal components and to understand the relationship between the observed land subsidence, and groundwater level change and that of soil moisture. Results show that land subsidence in the LOS direction varied approximately between − 94 and 15 mm/year. According to the wavelet-based analysis result, land subsidence in Lagos is partly influenced by both groundwater-level fluctuations and soil moisture variability. Evaluation of the proposed model indicates good accuracy, with the highest residual of approximately 8%. We then used the model to predict land subsidence between the years 2020 and 2023. The result showed that by the end of 2023 the maximum subsidence would reach 958 mm, which is approximately a 23% increase.

Effect of groundwater fluctuation, construction, and retaining system on slope stability of Avas Hill in Hungary

Abstract Landslides are one of the natural hazards, which have significant negative effects on both humans and the environment. Thus, slope stability analyses and stabilization processes are necessary to obviate or mitigate landslides. In this study, the effect of groundwater level fluctuations and the construction of a building (i.e., a recently built church) on slope stability was investigated on the eastern slope of the Avas Hill, at Miskolc, in Northeast Hungary. Soil movements and groundwater levels were monitored and geological and slope stability models were constructed. Furthermore, the possibility of constructing a retaining system was evaluated to minimize the detrimental effects of both groundwater level fluctuations and the construction of the church. The findings showed that the fluctuation in groundwater levels had a destructive effect on slope stability due to pore-water pressure, which decreased the soil strength of the slope and slope stability. On the other hand, the church added an external load onto the underlying soil leading to an increase in slope instability. Hence, we suggested constructing retaining structures such as gravity retaining walls to increase the soil shear strength and enhance slope stability in the long term.

A basin-scale aquifer characterization using an inverse analysis based on groundwater level fluctuation in response to precipitation: Practical application to a watershed in Jeju Island, South Korea

Study RegionGujwa Watershed, Jeju Island, South Korea Study FocusIn this study, we investigated whether basin-scale hydraulic properties can be inversely estimated using groundwater level fluctuation data. A geostatistical principal component adaptation evolution strategy was proposed as the inverse analysis method. It was applied to the Gujwa basin in Jeju Island. For the hypothetical case, the inverse simulation results accurately estimated the distribution and spatial structure of the hydraulic conductivity values. The quality of prior information insignificantly affected the proposed method; thus, it could be used as a critical reference method for groundwater management over a basin-scale area. New Hydrological Insight for the RegionThe hydraulic characteristics of an actual aquifer can be characterized over an entire small watershed on the basis of the time-series data of the groundwater level fluctuation due to precipitation. The hydraulic properties estimated for this area correspond well to the geological features of the area that were not incorporated into the inverse analysis. Watershed-scale aquifer characterization is the most critical step in managing groundwater under the concept of watershed management. Owing to the reliability of the analysis, the estimates of aquifer hydraulic properties obtained from the proposed method can be used for various practical purposes, including establishing water resource management plans such as quantitative water resource management and groundwater pollution prevention.

Influence of soil and hydraulic conditions on the processes of internal erosion, cavity formation and collapse behind coastal structures

Collapse of cavities formed by internal erosion has occurred at the back sides of seawalls and quaywalls all over the world. Here, the process of internal erosion was investigated by conducting prototype-scale experiments. A series of processes of cavity formation and collapse were reproduced considering different grain size distributions and water level conditions. Suction, that is, negative pore water pressure relative to atmospheric air pressure, affected the formation of cavities and the timing and scale of their collapse. The scale of the collapse was large under high suction. The types of hydraulic force also affected the cavity formation. A symmetrical cavity was formed under one-dimensional water level fluctuations, whereas the cavity expanded in size toward the wave-incident boundary under incident waves. Cavity collapse was found to be caused by a decrease in suction accompanied by a rise in groundwater level. The collapse occurred within the area where ground surface displacement was observed, and the maximum ground surface displacement (dmax) was correlated with the ratio of the maximum width of the cavity and its depth (B/L) regardless of the ground height and water level fluctuation range. Countermeasure against the internal erosion using a two-layer filter was systematically studied in a series of sand filtration tests and prototype-scale hydraulic experiments. The filter maintained a sufficient deterrent effect under various hydraulic and dynamic forcing when the uniformity coefficient of the filter (DF60/DF10) was higher than 3.0, and the median particle diameter ratio (DF50/DS50) was less than or equal to 20.

A Review of Case Studies on Climate Change Impact on Hydrologic Cycle: An Indian Perspective

In recent times, several studies focused on the global warming that may affect the hydrological cycle due to intensification of temporal and spatial variations in precipitation. Such climatic change is likely to impact significantly upon freshwater resources availability. In India, demand for water has already increased manifold over the years due to urbanization, agriculture expansion, increasing population, rapid industrialization and economic development. Numerous scientific studies also report increases in the intensity, duration, and spatial extents of floods, higher atmospheric temperatures, warmer sea, changes in precipitation patterns, and changing groundwater levels. This work briefly discusses about the present scenario regarding impact of climate change on water resources in India. Due to the insufficient resolution of climate models and their generally crude representation of sub-grid scale and convective processes, little confidence can be placed in any definite predictions of such effects, although a tendency for more heavy rainfall events seems likely, and a modest increase in frequency in floods. Thus to analyses this effect, this work considers real problems about the changing flood characteristics pattern in two river regions, and the effect of spatial and temporal pattern in rainfall. In addition to these, the work also examines the trend of groundwater level fluctuations in few blocks of Ganga–Yamuna and Sutlej-Yamuna Link interfluves region. As a whole, it examines the potential for sustainable development of surface water and groundwater resources within the constraints imposed by climate change.

Transient migration behavior of VOC vapor in layered unsaturated soils subjected to multiple time-dependent point pollution sources: Analytical study

Predicting the migration behavior of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) vapor is essential for the remediation of subsurface contamination such as soil vapor extraction. Previous analytical prediction models of VOCs migration are mostly limited to constant-concentration nonpoint sources in homogeneous soil. Thus, this study presents a novel analytical model for two-dimensional transport of VOCs vapor subjected to multiple time-dependent point sources involving transient diffusion, sorption and degradation in layered unsaturated soils. Two representative time-dependent sources, i.e., an instantaneous source and a finite pulse source, are used to describe the short-term and long-term leakage. Results reveal that soil heterogeneity can cause pollution accumulation, especially in low-diffusivity capillary fringe. The assumption of an equivalent plane source from multiple point sources would significantly overestimate the vapor concentration and the contaminated range. The previous single point source model is no longer inapplicable when the relative distance and/or the release interval between sources is small, giving a strong interaction between multiple sources. Moreover, a faster vapor degradation rate or a higher groundwater level will reduce the area of vapor plume linearly. Hence, close attention should be paid to the time-variation characteristics of multiple sources, the vapor degradation and the groundwater level fluctuation in practice to facilitate soil remediation. The proposed model is a promising tool for addressing the above issue.

Evaluating the Applicability of Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing in Estimating Water Potential of the Karst Aquifer: A Case Study in North Adriatic, Croatia

One of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Adriatic coast, the city of Opatija, is facing a problem concerning seasonal drinking water shortages. The existing water resources are no longer sufficient, and attention is being given to alternative resources such as the underlying karstic aquifer and several coastal springs in the city itself. However, the water potential of the area still cannot be estimated due to the insufficient hydrological data. The goal of this research was to evaluate the use of thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing as the source of valuable information that will improve our understanding of the groundwater discharge dynamics. Ten Landsat ETM+ (enhanced thematic mapper plus) and two Landsat TM (thematic mapper) images of the north Adriatic, recorded during 1999–2004 at the same time as the field discharge measurements, were used to derive sea surface temperature (SST) and to analyze freshwater outflows seen as the thermal anomaly in the TIR images. The approach is based on finding the functional relationship between the size of the freshwater thermal signatures and the measured discharge data, and to estimate the water potential of the underlying aquifer. It also involved analyzing the possible connection between the adjusted size of the spring’s thermal signatures and groundwater level fluctuations in the deeper karst hinterland. The proposed methodology resulted in realistic discharge estimates, as well as a good fit between thermal anomalies with measured discharges and the groundwater level. It should be emphasized that the results are site specific and based on a limited data set. However, they confirm that the proposed method can provide additional information on groundwater outflow dynamics and coastal springs’ freshwater quantification.

Characterization of Regional Groundwater System Based on Aquifer Response to Recharge–Discharge Phenomenon and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis

The investigations of groundwater hydrograph reasonably reflect the aquifer response to recharge–discharge phenomenon and its characteristics. A better understanding of aquifer characteristics such as regional aquifer classification, recharge and discharge patterns, aquifer geology and flow patterns are the surface indicators that may be more effective and less costly for interpreting basic regional hydrogeological conditions and assessments. This study deals with the application of Hierarchical Clustering Analysis to understand the groundwater spatio-temporal patterns and to visualize/classify the nature of the aquifer in the regional area of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Groundwater level fluctuation patterns and slopes of rising and recession limbs are used to identify the pumping effects and classify aquifers. The results of clustering analysis show that the groundwater observation wells in the study area can be divided into five major characteristics along with the upstream to downstream of Kaoping River. The clusters are consistent with basic lithology distribution and age of sedimentary, which represents the characteristics of groundwater level fluctuation. The identified groundwater hydrographs patterns provide newer insights related to aquifer response to recharge–discharge phenomenon, types of aquifers and their behaviors. The knowledge of water level fluctuations in the observation wells provides a piece of prior information about the abstraction of groundwater. The proposed aquifer classification and pumping effect have great potential for applied use in groundwater management e.g., save drilling cost.

Aquifer Parameters Estimation from Natural Groundwater Level Fluctuations at the Mexican Wine-Producing Region Guadalupe Valley, BC

Determining hydrogeological properties of the rock materials that constitute an aquifer through stress tests or laboratory tests presents inherent complications. An alternative tool that has significant advantages is the study of the groundwater-level response as a result of the pore-pressure variation caused by the internal structure deformation of the aquifer induced by barometric pressure and solid Earth tide. The purpose of this study was to estimate the values of the physical/hydraulic properties of the geological materials that constitute the Guadalupe Valley Aquifer based on the analysis of the groundwater-level response to barometric pressure and solid Earth tide. Representative values of specific storage (1.27 × 10−6 to 2.78 × 10−6 m−1), porosity (14–34%), storage coefficient (3.10 × 10−5 to 10.45 × 10−5), transmissivity (6.67 × 10−7 to 1.29 × 10−4 m2∙s−1), and hydraulic conductivity (2.30 × 10−3 to 2.97 × 10−1 m∙d−1) were estimated. The values obtained are consistent with the type of geological materials identified in the vicinity of the analyzed wells and values reported in previous studies. This analysis represents helpful information that can be considered a framework to design and assess management strategies for groundwater resources in the overexploited Guadalupe Valley Aquifer.

Influence of fire and drainage on evapotranspiration in a degraded peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Tropical peat swamp forests (PSFs) play a significant role in the exchange of water between land and the atmosphere. However, fire and drainage have been expanding in PSFs in recent decades. Although there is concern on the influence of fire and drainage on water circulation, their influence on evapotranspiration (ET) is insufficiently understood. Furthermore, repeated fire occurrences and their corresponding influence on the ET by recurrent burning and smoldering is unexplored. To elucidate these influences, we examined long-term variation of ET in a degraded peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia that was affected by drainage and repeated fire. The continuous observation of energy fluxes was conducted for approximately 13 years between 2004 and 2016 by using the eddy covariance technique. The site burned in 2009 and 2014, and was drained in 2014. Monthly ET and net radiation (Rn) fluctuated in synchrony and thus they decreased considerably under fire-induced dense haze during the El Niño drought. Troughs of ET, groundwater level (GWL) and Rn and crests of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) coincided in their time-series variations. In the case of ET > precipitation (P), ET decreased when the GWL was deeper than −0.5 m. Half-hourly ET had a strong positive correlation with Rn (R = 0.89, p < 0.01), and partial positive relationship with VPD when VPD < 20 hPa and with GWL when GWL < -0.5 m. ET had no correlation with the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), which represents above ground biomass for the entire observation period. Alternately, the results of path analysis showed that some environmental factors controlled ET differently depending on environmental conditions. Generally, VPD negatively affected ET due to stomatal regulation functions under dry atmospheric conditions. However, the effect was negligible during the water-logged periods. This is because atmospheric dryness facilitated evaporation from exposed water on the ground surface, which canceled out the negative effect of transpiration due to stomatal closure. After drainage by canal excavation, fluctuation of GWL did not significantly influence ET, although ET decreased. This may be due to the hydrophobic dried peat soil, which prevents rainwater infiltration, disconnection of capillary force, or disabled root water uptake as GWL excessively deepened. Fire potentially decreased ET due to decreased transpiration by burning of vegetation. However, the decreasing effect was cancelled by increased evaporation from the waterlogged ground surface during the subsequent La Niña event. Drainage undoubtedly deepened the GWL, and ET severely decreased in cases with extremely deep GWL.

Unveiled diversity: Amazonian Campinaranas harbor twice the number of bryophyte species recorded in the last century

Campinaranas are unique vegetation patches in the Amazonian biome, characterized by white-sand soils with relatively low nutrient content and subject to periodic flooding coupled with fluctuating groundwater levels. This study aimed to produce a synopsis of the bryophyte flora in Campinarana habitats by combining information from the literature with new collections made in the Uatumã Sustainable Development Reserve (Balbina, Central Amazonia), and areas of the middle Uaupés river (São Gabriel da Cachoeira, upper Rio Negro). One hundred and forty-three species were identified among mosses and liverworts, of which 68 are reported for the first time in Campinaranas. The species Frullania rio-janeirensis, Ceratolejeunea filaria, Diplasiolejeunea cobrensis and Bazzania diversicuspis are new records for the state of Amazonas. These results reveal high species richness for Campinaranas and indicate the need for continued study in this underexplored Amazonian habitat. This study emphasizes the importance of carrying out floristic inventories in poorly known environments and of further studies with different approaches, such as ecological, phytogeographic and genetic efforts.

Species-Specific Effects of Groundwater Level Alteration on Climate Sensitivity of Floodplain Trees

European floodplain forest is facing increasingly frequent and severe drought events related with ongoing climate change. Moreover, this ecosystem type was frequently affected by river regulation, leading to groundwater table lowering; however, river revitalization has, in some locations, achieved some restoration of groundwater levels. In this study, we investigated the growth–climate sensitivity and growth modulation after groundwater-level manipulation for Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. and Quercus robur L. in one of the most important floodplain forest complexes in Central Europe. We constructed three different types of tree ring chronologies to reflect the high frequency variability, medium-low frequency variability, and basal area increment. We found F. angustifolia to be more sensitive than Q. robur to both drought and groundwater level fluctuations. Moreover, F. angustifolia showed more pronounced short-term and long-term growth decreases after artificial ground water level alteration than did Q. robur. We also found that the groundwater level increase due to river revitalization reduced the climate sensitivity for both F. angustifolia and Q. robur. The decrease in climate sensitivity associated with revitalization was more pronounced for F. angustifolia which, moreover, showed a greater basal growth after river revitalization. Our results suggest that F. angustifolia will be more threatened than Q. robur by the diminution in groundwater availability and increase in drought with ongoing climate change. They also show that river revitalization can be a suitable management tool to help the adaptation to climate change.