Price Fluctuations Research Articles

A Systematic Review of Accounting Practices for Reporting Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures: Equity Method and Consolidation Method

Purpose: This paper presents findings from empirical studies related to the adoption of accounting practices, namely the equity and consolidated methods of accounting, for reporting investments in associates and joint ventures. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This review considered 21 published articles sourced from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases, with the publication date spanning from January 1980 to December 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was employed for article retrieval. Findings: Based on the search results, the empirical research was synthesised and segregated into three (3) major domains: usefulness, value relevance and level of compliance. Despite having mixed empirical evidence across countries, the equity method is more beneficial to investors due to its positive relationship with market values and lower volatility. While crucial for creditors, the consolidation method significantly impacts financial statements and explains price fluctuations. The review suggests that future research should address implementation challenges, incorporate more qualitative studies and explore Asian datasets, which are currently underrepresented. Originality/ Value: This review synthesizes 44 years of empirical research on accounting practices for reporting investments in associates and joint ventures, focusing on the equity method and consolidation method. It identifies three distinct thematic domains within this body of literature, providing a comprehensive mapping of its development. Keywords: Investment in associates and joint ventures, accounting practices, equity method, consolidation method

Research on the Interrelationship Between Carbon Markets Based on the Method of Wavelet Coherence

In recent years, the excessive use of fossil fuels has led to global warming and a series of environmental crises. Carbon emissions trading, as a market-based mechanism to reduce carbon emissions, has received widespread attention and application. This paper investigates the dynamic dependency and causal interrelationships between Chinese pilot city carbon markets and the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). Using the wavelet analysis method, this paper empirically examines the data of various cities' carbon markets in China and the EU ETS from June 2014 to February 2023. Significant differences are found in the relationships between Chinese city carbon markets and the EU ETS. The study indicates that, with the exception of Shenzhen, the dynamic interactions between Chinese city carbon markets are weak in the short term but gradually strengthen in the long term. Not all city carbon markets in China have strong correlations, but they are closely related to factors such as local policies, economies, and industrial structures. There is no stable lead-lag relationship among the prices of carbon markets in different Chinese cities. After 2022, there is a trend of positive lag relationship of carbon market prices in Chinese cities (such as Guangdong, Shanghai, Chongqing) with those in the EU ETS. This paper summarizes the relationship between Chinese city carbon markets and the EU ETS and puts forward suggestions for the development of Chinese carbon market construction, including improving institutional systems, strengthening market supervision, promoting technological innovation, and implementing policies to stabilize price fluctuations.

Income Analysis of Shallot Farmers in Sragen Regency

Shallot (Allium Ascalonicum L) is a superior agricultural commodity in Sragen Regency. The main problem most often faced by shallot farmers in Sragen Regency is the high level of price fluctuations. Price instability causes farmers to complain about their unstable income. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the level of shallot farming income in Sragen Regency. This research was conducted from May to June in Sragen Regency. The research method used is the survey method with interviews using questionnaires to shallot farmers in Sragen Regency. Determination of the number of respondents using the lemeshow formula by being taken in several villages in Kedawung District, Sragen Regency. Determination of the sampling location in Kedawung Sub-district, because it is the highest shallot producing area in Sragen Regency. The method used to determine the sample is Proportional Sampling. The results showed that the average revenue of each farmer was fairly significant, while for the average production cost expenditure of each shallot farmer was different. The average income of shallot farmers in Sragen Regency is quite high. Although the average income of shallot farmers is high, the stability of this income is still a concern for shallot farmers in Sragen Regency, moreover, if the selling price of shallots is unstable, it can cause farmers to lose and result in not being able to meet all their needs.

Sustaining Rice Farming: Challenges and Solutions for Agribusiness in Barangay Tagum Norte, Trinidad, Bohol

In the Philippines, rice is a vital crop that serves as the primary food source for 80% of the population in Barangay Tagum Norte, Trinidad, Bohol. Despite the potential of rice agribusiness, farmers in this area need help maintaining consistent production due to limited resources, economic uncertainties, and market fluctuations. This research identifies and addresses these challenges to promote sustainability in rice agribusiness. The study employs a descriptive-exploratory qualitative research design, focusing on a case study approach. Ten rice farmers actively involved in agribusiness in Barangay Tagum Norte were interviewed using structured researcher-made guides. Thematic Analysis was utilized to analyze the gathered information, assigning codes to relevant data segments and organizing them into themes or categories. The findings revealed that financial constraints force farmers to sell their rice at lower prices, and borrowing from lending institutions results in high interest rates, leading to solo farming practices and potential efficiency issues. Manpower challenges, machinery accessibility issues, and significant expenses for seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides also impact productivity. Price fluctuations during harvest create economic challenges, threatening the sustainability of agribusiness. Limited market access and information exacerbate these issues. Farmers need collaborative government-private sector initiatives to address their irrigation, machinery, seed, and fertilizer needs. The study concludes that rice farmers face interconnected challenges throughout the production cycle, including financial constraints, labor shortages, machinery access, seed and fertilizer expenses, government-supplied shortages, and market volatility. The research highlights adaptive strategies such as the “Rollover method,” where farmers strategically time last season’s harvest sale to avoid price declines, showcasing a proactive approach to market fluctuations. Keywords: Agribusiness, Challenges to Sustainability, Qualitative Research, Thematic Analysis

ANALISIS STRATEGI PT BUMYANG GLOVE DI YOGYAKARTA DALAM PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING

PT Bumyang Glove Prime was established in 2021, with its main product being golf gloves. The company produces and distributes more than 10 types of gloves, including golf gloves, hiking gloves, riding gloves, and winter gloves. This research aims to analyze the strategies adopted by PT Bumyang Glove in Yogyakarta to enhance the company's competitiveness in the glove industry. The research method used is a qualitative approach with SWOT analysis, considering internal and external factors affecting the company. Data were obtained through interviews, field observations, and analysis of relevant documents. The results show that PT Bumyang Glove has successfully strengthened its position in the market through product diversification strategies, improving production quality, and investing in research and development. The company is also active in expanding its distribution network and forming partnerships with suppliers and potential customers. However, challenges such as intense competition, fluctuations in raw material prices, and changes in product quality standard regulations are also identified.

Dynamic Approach to Crab Inventory Management in Juata Sea: Balancing Demand and Operational Risks

Harapan Baru is a crab procurement business that serves as a critical link between fishermen and pond farmers. Crabs, as the primary commodity, are subject to significant price fluctuations and quality variations. This study aims to evaluate the economic viability of Harapan Baru's operations by analyzing costs, revenue, and profitability. Employing a critical incident technique, the research found that the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) inventory management method and Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model significantly enhance operational efficiency. By ensuring timely inventory turnover and optimizing order quantities, these methods mitigate risks associated with demand variability, climate change, and operational challenges. Moreover, the study underscores the essential role of mangrove ecosystems in sustaining crab populations and the economic benefits derived from this natural resource. The integration of technology and SWOT analysis highlights the potential for Harapan Baru to enhance its competitive advantage and contribute to the long-term sustainability of the fisheries industry.

Analisis Dampak Perkembangan Pasar Pancur Batu terhadap Transformasi Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat Sekitar, 1960-2023

This study explores the history and socio-economic impact of Pancur Batu Market from 1960 to 2022, focusing on trader activities and community effects. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that Pancur Batu Market has evolved significantly from a colonial-era facility into a pivotal economic and social hub for the local community. Officially inaugurated in the 1970s, the market facilitates the sale of basic necessities and serves as a platform for social interaction. Trading activity intensifies on Saturdays, attracting crowds that cause congestion and lead some traders to operate exclusively on these days. The market plays a vital role in community life, fostering social harmony and providing a primary livelihood source for many residents. Economically, it generates business opportunities and improves living standards. Despite challenges such as competition and price fluctuations, Pancur Batu Market remains a cornerstone of the community's socio-economic landscape.

Dynamic analysis of green technology innovation in products and processes under supply chain competition scenarios-A study based on stochastic differential game model.

This paper investigates the dynamics of market competition among manufacturers pursuing two types of green technology innovation: product innovation and process innovation, which provides a novel perspective on how green technological innovations contribute to enhancing product greenness. Using a two-tier supply chain framework, the study examines the differences in cost-sharing across various types of innovation and the impact of game players on product greenness. A stochastic differential game model involving a shared supplier and two competing manufacturers is constructed. Main findings are as follows: (1) In green product innovation, when market preference for greenness is relatively low, the formation of cost-sharing contracts is less influenced by the intensity of greenness-based market competition. In such scenarios, government subsidies emerge as a crucial tool to effectively guiding the market mechanism towards achieving its intended objectives. (2) As the market competition intensifies, manufacturers' incentives towards suppliers will shift from reducing costs to increasing demand. (3) When the intensity of green competitive is low, and supplier process innovation efficiency is high, manufacturers should bear a greater share of costs; Conversely, suppliers should bear more costs. When supplier process innovation efficiency is higher and market competition is stronger, suppliers should bear more costs if consumer green preferences are lower. (4) Over time, considering consumer preferences, a marginal increase in price exceeds the marginal increment in greenness with respect to contributing to stabilise price fluctuations. Conversely, it tends to raise the mean value of the price. (5) The increase in market competition intensity accelerates suppliers' and manufactures' strategy adjustments for green product innovation, but decelerates the strategy adjustment for suppliers' green process innovation.

Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Module in Groundnut Crop at Farmers’ Fields in Warangal District of Telangana State

Background: Groundnut is an important legume oilseed crop grown in India. However, a significant gap between potential and actual yield was observed in groundnut production due to destructive pests and diseases, inadequate rainfall and moisture, intensive labour cost and fluctuations in market price. Insect pests act as the major hindrances in attaining higher yield and productivity of groundnut in Warangal district of Telangana. Methods: To warrant insect pests attack in groundnut, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) modules were tested in 10 locations of Warangal district during 2022-23 and 2023-24 as a large scale front line demonstration (FLD) in farmers’ fields. Population estimation in IPM and control plot was done as per the standard methodology to assess the impact. Result: IPM demonstrations resulted 58.0, 70.8, 72.4 and 51.5% reduction in thrips, hoppers, leaf minor and tobacco caterpillar, respectively throughout the crop period with an average yield increment of 43.7% (3073.4 kg ha-1) and avoidable yield loss of 935.1 kg ha-1. The three way correlation of yield with net income and B: C ratio showed a positive correlation (r= 0.9948 and 0.9915), which indicated that the higher returns in the demonstration was due to the impact of IPM components and yield increment. The technology gap in the demonstration ranged from 3.7 to 4.8 q ha 1, technological index 10.6 to 13.8 per cent and the extension gap from 9.7 to 9.1 during 2023-24 revealed that scientists attempts to educate farmers on importance of IPM practices was effective in increasing groundnut yield by reducing cost of cultivation.

Usaha Keripik Lokal : Kisah Inspiratif di Balik Rasa, Tantangan, dan Kesuksesan di Desa Sugiharjo Kecamatan Batang Kuis

This research aims to examine in more depth the business journey, challenges and strategies for developing the local chips business in Sugiharjo Village, Batang Kuis District, Deli Serdang Regency. The local chips business is a popular economic choice because of the easy availability of raw materials and stable market demand. This research uses qualitative methods with a field observation approach and structured interviews. The research results show that despite facing various challenges such as limited capital and fluctuations in raw material prices, this chips business was able to develop thanks to innovation in the production process and digital marketing strategies. This research concludes that the success of a local chips business depends on technological adaptation, appropriate marketing strategies, and efficient resource management. It is hoped that these findings can contribute to local culinary MSMEs in facing challenges and developing their businesses.

Stock Price Forecasting for Xiaomi Auto: Application of ARIMA and GARCH Models

Since Xiaomi Corporation entered the market for electric vehicles, the volatility of its stock price has attracted a lot of attention from investors. This study's objective is to foresee the stock price of Xiaomi Auto by constructing GARCH and ARIMA models in R. By conducting a stationarity test and differencing the previous stock price information of Xiaomi Auto, and then the stock price for the upcoming 30 days is predicted using an ARIMA (0,1,0) model. The findings demonstrate that while the ARIMA model predicts a short-term phase of relatively stable stock price, the widening prediction intervals suggest increasing uncertainty. The construction of a GARCH (1,1) model aims to more accurately represent the fluctuations in the stock price. Predictions from the GARCH model point to higher price volatility in coming 30 days. Based on these model outcomes, this paper proposes short-term and medium- to long-term investment strategies for investors and discusses the limitations of the models as well as potential improvement for future research. This research improves the understanding of stock price trends and volatility in the electric vehicle market. It provides practical insights for better investment decisions. The study also advances financial forecasting methods, making them more applicable to real-world market behavior.

Study on Stock Price Fluctuation of DHL after Cross-border Merger and Acquisition

In the 21st century, global logistics companies have launched a huge wave of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), including many international logistics giants launching crazy M&A to adapt to the expansion strategy of globalization. The cross-border logistics market is an extremely attractive cake in the logistics market, but the express delivery business in many low tier cities in many countries has long been dominated by many local enterprises, and its market has not been fully developed and does not meet international standards. The world has experienced five waves of M&A, and now this trend is affecting the development of DHL and has a significant impact on the evolution of the logistics industry. This article introduces the background of the topic selection, research objectives and significance, as well as the examination of whether M&A are necessary. This article uses the ARIMA-GARCH model to predict DHL's future stock price, and confirms the relationship and impact between its stock price and M&A behavior by comparing actual data. Based on the company's stock liquidity, the M&A effect is evaluated. The research results indicate that M&A can enable companies to quickly acquire the resources needed for development, generate synergies through integration, establish core competitiveness, and gain competitive advantages.

The Impact of Imported Timber Price Fluctuations on the Margins of Wood Forest Product Exports: Empirical Evidence from Provincial-Level Data in China

This paper adopts a comprehensive approach to integrating the wood forest product trade of China's provinces with the global market, utilizing over four million records of trade data from the Chinese Customs database and the United Nations Trade and Commerce database, creating a three-dimensional panel dataset structured by year—province—importing country. The paper decomposes the export trade share into extensive margin, quantity margin, and price margin, collectively referred to as the ternary margins of export, to analyze the impact of imported timber price fluctuations on these export margins of wood forest products. The findings indicate that fluctuations in imported timber prices increase uncertainty, thereby suppressing the growth of China's wood forest product export share, extensive margin, and quantity margin while increasing the price margin. Heterogeneity tests further reveal that the impact of imported timber price fluctuations is more pronounced for southern forest regions, labor-intensive wood products, and countries without a free trade agreement. Mechanism tests suggest that increasing forestry fixed asset investment intensity and enhancing timber supply capacity can help mitigate the uncertainty effects associated with imported timber price fluctuations. The paper proposes policy implications, including enhancing local timber supply resilience, strengthening government support for forestry, and reinforcing the supply chain.

Causality Relationship Between Producer and Consumer Price Indexes of Selected Meat Commodities in South Africa from 1991 to 2023

The South African meat industry plays an important role in food provision, income generation, and economic stability. However, inflation-driven volatility in commodity markets has intensified the focus on the nexus between producer and consumer price indexes, as significant meat price changes affect both producers and consumers. Therefore, this study explored the association and the causality between consumer price index (CPI) meat and producer price index (PPI) beef, mutton, pork, and chicken from 1991 to 2023 using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Granger causality test. The findings of the study revealed a short- and a long-run relationship among the variables with an adjustment speed (ECT) of 67.67%. No causal relationship was found between PPI beef and CPI meat, while unidirectional relationships were identified between CPI meat and PPI chicken, pork, and mutton. These results suggest that consumer meat prices impact production prices for chicken, pork, and mutton, but not for beef, indicating that beef price changes are influenced by factors other than general meat price fluctuations. Thus, while price controls or subsidies may manage price changes in chicken, pork, and mutton, further research or targeted strategies are needed to address the unique factors influencing beef prices. Ultimately, understanding these dynamics will enhance price stability in the meat market, benefiting consumers, producers, and the overall stability of the South African economy.

Research on the Role of Risk Hedging and Arbitrage Strategies in Financial Derivatives Investment

In financial derivatives investment, risk hedging and arbitrage strategies play a key role. Risk hedging aims to reduce the uncertainty caused by asset price fluctuations and provide investors with stable returns through derivatives such as futures, options, and credit default swaps (CDS). This strategy is widely used by enterprises and financial institutions to manage commodity prices, exchange rates, and credit risks. Arbitrage strategies use market price differences, especially pricing differences in different markets or at various time points, to seek risk-free or low-risk returns. This paper reviews existing literature on financial derivatives, sorting out the role of risk hedging in financial derivatives investment. It summarizes the basic principles, application cases, advantages, and limitations of risk hedging. Additionally, the research delves into the role of arbitrage strategies in financial derivatives investment, covering its basic principles, types, application cases, advantages, and limitations. This research finds that hedging strategies, through instruments such as futures, options, and credit default swaps, provide effective risk management by stabilizing returns and reducing the impact of market volatility. Arbitrage strategies, on the other hand, exploit market inefficiencies to generate low-risk or risk-free profits, thereby enhancing market efficiency and liquidity. Despite these advantages, this paper also highlights certain limitations, such as the complexity and cost of hedging instruments, and the diminishing arbitrage opportunities as markets become more efficient.

Pengaruh OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) Terhadap Harga Bahan Bakar Minyak di Indonesia

OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) plays a critical role in regulating the global supply of crude oil through its production policies. The organization's decisions, such as increasing or reducing oil production quotas, directly impact global crude oil prices, influencing various economic aspects, including domestic fuel prices in Indonesia. As an oil-importing country, Indonesia is significantly affected by fluctuations in global oil prices, which are influenced by OPEC's policies. These fluctuations impact the purchasing power of society, production costs in industries, and inflation. This study analyzes the relationship between OPEC's production policies, global crude oil price fluctuations, and their effects on domestic fuel prices in Indonesia. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using secondary data from OPEC and Pertamina, focusing on trends in oil production and pricing. The findings highlight the interconnectedness between OPEC's production strategies and Indonesia's energy sector, offering valuable insights for policymakers to adaptively address energy stability and ensure national energy resilience

Konsep Terms Of Trade dan Dampaknya Terhadap Ekonomi Suatu Negara

Terms of Trade (ToT) is a crucial indicator in international trade that illustrates the ratio between a country's export prices and import prices. This concept provides an overview of a country's purchasing power in the global market and reflects the relative benefits gained from trade. An increase in ToT indicates enhanced purchasing power, leading to benefits such as trade surpluses, strengthened currency value, and economic growth. Conversely, a decline in ToT negatively impacts a country, causing inflation, trade deficits, and weakened public purchasing power. Factors such as global commodity price fluctuations, exchange rates, export-import demand, and trade policies significantly influence ToT. This study highlights the importance of understanding ToT as a strategic tool in formulating trade and economic policies, especially for countries reliant on commodity exports. With proper understanding, countries can mitigate the adverse effects of ToT fluctuations and enhance societal welfare through adaptive and responsive policies.

Analisis Faktor Pemicu Selisih Anggaran dengan Pendapatan Direktorat Jendral Hortikultura

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the budget and the factors triggering the budget variance in the Directorate General of Horticulture, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. Inaccuracies in budget planning and management can lead to deficits that affect operations and the success of programs. This research uses secondary data in the form of budget realization reports from 2020, with descriptive analysis methods to illustrate the variance between the budget and revenue. The results show that fluctuations in commodity prices, policy changes, and inaccuracies in budget planning are the main factors influencing the variance between the budget and realized revenue. Achieving revenue that exceeds the budget can indicate efficiency in resource management, but significant variances also suggest the need for improvements in budget planning in the future. Therefore, it is crucial for government agencies to conduct careful risk analysis and prepare realistic budgets to minimize undesired variances and enhance accountability in the management of public finances.

Analysis of Optimal Stock Performance Using the Discounted Cash Flow Method and Stock Price Forecasting Using the Holt-Winters Method

The high liquidity of PT Perusahaan Gas Negara Tbk shares and significant fluctuations in share prices create uncertainty that requires in-depth analysis. Stock performance analysis is carried out with 2 stages in outline, namely the stages of fundamental analysis and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis is carried out to analyze optimal stock performance, one of which is by using the discounted cash flow (DCF) method. Technical analysis is used to determine the condition of stock performance in the future by forecasting stock prices using the Holt-Winters forecasting method. The objectives of this study are to analyze optimal stock performance, forecast stock prices, and evaluate forecasting results. The data used is PGN's 2023 annual report and daily data on PGN's stock price for the period January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023, totalling 1,231 data. The results of the optimal stock performance analysis show that PGN's stock performance is declared optimal with an intrinsic value of 3,149.18, which is greater than the current stock price (undervalued). The results of stock price forecasting show that the forecasting results follow the actual data pattern, with an accuracy value using MAPE (mean absolute percentage error ) of 10.9%, it is stated that the forecasting performance has performed well.

Market Risk of Lithium Industry Chain—Evidence from Listed Companies

Lithium, a crucial raw material for new energy vehicles, is experiencing significant market price fluctuations due to escalating geopolitical conflicts, periodic mismatches in supply and demand, and increased attention to lithium resources from countries around the world. These factors may adversely affect the development of the new energy vehicle industry. This paper adopts the TVP-VAR-DY model, which measures dynamic spillover effects by allowing for variance changes through the estimation of a stochastic Kalman filter, thereby measuring risk spillover among upstream and downstream firms in the lithium industry chain. We selected 16 listed companies and six regional financial markets as the research sample, with the sample period from 4 July 2018, to 30 June 2023. The main conclusions are as follows: Between 2018 and 2020, the overall risk spillover in the lithium industry chain demonstrated a declining trend, though it experienced a sudden surge in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This increase was followed by a gradual decline as the global economy improved and market stability was restored, leading to a reduction in risk aversion. Regarding the reception of risk spillovers, upstream firms exhibited a generally consistent level of directional risk spillovers, whereas downstream firms experienced more significant fluctuations. Chinese firms exhibited a higher level of received risk spillovers compared to their international counterparts, with less variation in these spillovers. From the perspective of risk spillover effects, significant variations were observed between firms in both the upstream and downstream markets. Chinese firms exhibited a higher level of risk inflow than international firms, with more pronounced changes in risk spillovers. Upstream enterprises should enhance their market competitiveness to mitigate the adverse effects of economic uncertainty. Downstream enterprises can alleviate the rise in raw material costs resulting from market price fluctuations through strategic cooperation. Additionally, the government should increase the market supply of resources, which will contribute to the establishment of a more robust lithium industry chain system.