Calendula Officinalis Flowers Research Articles

Unlocking the Antioxidant Potential of Calendula Officinalis: A Comparative Study of Extraction Methods

Calendula officinalis which is also known as marigold is a species of plant in the daisy family that has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic, and antitumor properties. In this study we tried to analyze the antioxidant activity of calendula officinalis flowers extract. Three different extraction methods that are soxhlet, maceration, and ultrasonic procedures are applied to the calendula officinalis flowers and antioxidant activities for each extract is analyzed and compared. Methods: In this study, soxhlet, maceration and ultrasonic extraction methods and ethanol solvent are used to obtain calendula officinalis extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extracts with different concentration are investigated under DPPH solution. Results: DPPH radical scavenging activity for the extract obtained using soxhlet procedure is higher than the other two procedures that are maceration and ultrasonic. With increasing calendula officinalis extract concentration, it is observed that the antioxidant activity is also increased as expected. Conclusions: In conclusion, calendula officinalis flowers perform very high antioxidant property and the soxhlet method can be considered as the best method for the extraction. Further researches for the application of the extract can be studied.

Whey Protein Isolate as a Substrate to Design Calendula officinalis Flower Extract Controlled-Release Materials.

The use of natural active substances and the development of new formulations are promising directions in the cosmetic and pharmacy industries. The primary purpose of this research was the production of microparticles based on whey protein isolate (WPI) and calcium alginate (ALG) containing Calendula officinalis flower extract and their incorporation into films composed of gelatin, WPI, and glycerol. Both swollen and dry microparticles were studied by optical microscopy and their sizes were measured. Water absorption by the microparticles, their loading capacity, and the release profile of flower extract were also characterized. The films were analyzed by mechanical tests (Young's modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break), swelling capacity, contact angle, and moisture content measurements. The presented data showed that the active ingredient was successfully enclosed in spherical microparticles and completely released after 75 min of incubation at 37 °C. The incorporation of the microparticles into polymer films caused a decrease in stiffness and tensile strength, simultaneously increasing the ductility of the samples. Moreover, the films containing microparticles displayed higher swelling ability and moisture content compared to those without them. Hence, the materials prepared in this study with Calendula officinalis flower extract encapsulated into polymeric microspheres can be a starting point for the development of new products intended for skin application; advantages include protection of the extract against external factors and a controlled release profile.

Analysis of the Glycoside Composition of Calendula Extract

Purpose of research. The aim of the article is to comparatively analyse the glycoside (flavonoid) composition of liquid dosage forms containing calendula medicinalis as an initial raw material.Methods. To achieve this goal, methods for extracting medicinal plant materials were studied, scientific literature on the research topic was analyzed, qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out, and the obtained UV spectra were examined. Obtaining liquid dosage forms from Calendula officinalis flowers was carried out using a Soxhlet extractor and the maceration method. The optimal conditions for the extraction of glycosides were determined by varying the ratio of raw materials and extractant, as well as the concentration of the extractant. For quantitative assessment, the content of extractive substances in the resulting dosage forms was calculated. Confirmation of the presence of flavonoid compounds was carried out using UV spectroscopy. A comparative analysis of the content of flavonoids in liquid dosage forms based on calendula officinalis was carried out.Results. As a result, liquid dosage forms were obtained from calendula officinalis flowers by two different methods, using different formulations, extraction was carried out by maceration and circulating extraction in a Soxlet apparatus, in ratios of 1:5 and 1:10, different concentrations of ethyl alcohol were also used (40%, 70%, 96%). Optimal extraction conditions were determined – for this raw material, the best indicators were achieved when obtaining the dosage form using the Soxlet extractor, in addition, according to the experiment, the concentration of ethyl alcohol, which extracts more target components, is 70%, the most effective ratio is 1:5.Conclusion. The study examined changes in the glycosidic (flavonoid) composition in dosage forms prepared independently according to various recipes and drugs obtained in pharmaceutical production. The use of flavonoid extraction methods provides a great opportunity for further scientific research into the extraction of dietary supplements for the purpose of their production.

Active compounds from Calendula officinalis flowers act via PI3K and ERK signaling pathways to offer neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's disease.

Calendula officinalis flowers, associated with diverse biological effects, could be utilized as functional food ingredients to play a crucial role in human health. In this study, we examined the anti-PD activity of C. officinalis flower extracts and investigated their bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms based on LC-MS/MS assay, bioinformatic exploration and invitro treatment of SH-SY5Y cells. C. officinalis extracts exhibited significant positive effects on the length and fluorescence density of the dopaminergic neuron region in zebrafish larvae. At 10 μg/mL, the extract restored the length to 96.54% and fluorescence density to 87.77% of the control values, which was equivalent to the effect of a positive drug, indicating the extract's powerful potential to alleviate PD symptoms. Five active compounds, including chlorogenic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (DA), rutin, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (IG) and calenduloside E (CE) were identified in extracts by LC-QTOF-MS/MS. Hsp90α, PI3K and ERK were revealed as core targets of DA, IG and CE in relation to anti-PD activity. The compounds docked deeply within the pocket region of Hsp90α protein, and their binding energies (∆G b) were -6.93 kcal/mol (DA), -6.51 kcal/mol (IG) and -3.03 kcal/mol (CE), respectively. Subsequently, they concurrently activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibited the ERK signaling pathway, thereby preventing neuronal death and alleviating neuronal degeneration. These compounds from C. officinalis could be potent nutraceutical agents with protective properties that may shield dopaminergic neurons against the damage caused by PD. Our findings provide a basis for utilizing the C. officinalis flowers in functional foods.

Blossoming Beauty: Enhancing Natural Fibres with Calendula Officinalis L. Flower Dye and Assessing Color Fastness with Microbial Properties

Abstract Mordants are materials used to fix long periods of colour on selected fabrics or fibres. The current research aimed to dye natural fibres like palm leaf (Borassus flabellifer L.), korai grass (Cyperus pangorei L.), banana fibre (Musa accuminata L.), screw fine fibre (Pandanus), sisal fibre (Agave sisalana Perrine), and pineapple fibres (Ananas comosus L.) with Calendula officinalis plant flower dye. The dye was fixed to the selected fibre material with the help of different mordants. The Calendula officinalis flower dye produced different colours, like black, brown, orange, sandal, yellow, etc., on the dyed materials. The different colour formations on the dyed materials are based on the mordents used to fix the dye. The mordants tonify the different colours in the same dyestuff of Calendula officinalis flower dye. Mordant-based dyed natural fibres have good fastness properties against light and water. Calendula officinalis dyes have potential activity against the skin infection-causing organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Green and eco-friendly biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Calendula officinalis flower extract: Wound healing potential and antioxidant activity.

This study aimed to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles with Calendula officinalis flower extract (Co-ZnO NPs) using the green synthesis method. In addition, the antioxidant and wound healing potential of synthesized ZnO NPs were evaluated. The absorbance band at 355 nm, which is typical for ZnO NPs, was determined from the UV-Vis absorbance spectrum. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)measurements revealed a high zinc content of 42.90%. The x-ray diffractometer data showed Co-ZnO NPs with an average crystallite size of 17.66 nm. The Co-ZnO NPs did not have apparent cytotoxicity up to 10 μg/mL (IC50 25.96 μg/mL). C. officinalis ZnO NPs showed partial cell migration and percent wound closure (69.1%) compared with control (64.8%). In addition, antioxidant activities of Co-ZnO NPs with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2 diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazil(DPPH) were evaluated and radical scavenging activity of 33.49% and 46.63%, respectively, was determined. These results suggest that C. officinalis extract is an effective reducing agent for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs with significant antioxidant and wound healing potential.

Different Extraction Procedures Revealed the Anti-Proliferation Activity from Vegetable Semi-Purified Sources on Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

Breast cancer (BC) remains the leading cause of mortality in women, despite significant advancements in diagnosis. Thus, the identification of new compounds for its treatment is critical. Phytochemicals are known to exhibit anti-cancer properties. Here, we investigated the anti-proliferation potential of extracts from carrot, Calendula officinalis flower, and Aloe vera on breast cancer vs. epithelial cell lines. Various extraction methods were used, and the proliferative effect of the resulting extracts was assessed by proliferation assay on breast cancer and epithelial cell lines. Carrot, Aloe leaf, and Calendula flower extracts were extracted by hexane and methanol methods, and their semi-purified extracts were able to specifically inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. The extract composition was investigated by colorimetric assays, UHPLC-HRMS, and MS/MS analysis. All the extracts contained monogalactosyl-monoacylglycerol (MGMG), while digalactosyl-monoacylglycerol (DGMG) and aloe-emodin were found in Aloe, and glycerophosphocholine (GPC) derivatives were identified in Calendula, except for the isomer 2 detected in carrot, suggesting that their observed different anti-proliferative properties may be associated with the different lipid compounds. Interestingly, Calendula extract was able to strongly inhibit the triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line proliferation (about 20% cell survival), supporting MGMG and GPC derivatives as potential drugs for this BC subtype treatment.

Antifungal Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Obtained by Plant-Mediated Synthesis.

The continuous need to satisfy world food demand has led to the search for new alternatives to combat economic losses in agriculture caused by phytopathogenic fungi. These organisms cause plant diseases, reducing their productivity and decreasing fruit quality. Among the new tools being explored is nanotechnology. Nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties could be an excellent alternative to address this problem. In this work, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were obtained using plant extracts of Amphipterygium glaucum leaves (SeNPs-AGL) and Calendula officinalis flowers (SeNPs-COF). Characterization of the SeNPs was performed and their ability as antifungal agents against two commercially relevant plant pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was evaluated. Assays were performed with different concentrations of SeNPs (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.7 mg/mL). It was observed that both SeNPs had antifungal activity against both plant pathogens at concentrations of 0.25 mg/mL and above. SeNPs-AGL demonstrated better antifungal activity and smaller size (around 8.0 nm) than SeNPs-COF (134.0 nm). FTIR analysis evidenced the existence of different functional groups that constitute both types of SeNPs. There are factors that have to be considered in the antimicrobial activity of SeNPs such as nanoparticle size and phytochemical composition of the plant extracts used, as these may affect their bioavailability.

FİTOYIĞINTIDAN EKSTRAKTIN OPTİMAL ALINMA TEXNOLOGİYASININ SEÇİLMƏSİ VƏ ONUN BƏZİ GÖSTƏRİCİLƏRİNİN TƏYİNİ

The article is devoted to the choice of the optimal technology for obtaining an extract prepared on the basis of a plant complex, which includes dog rose hips (Rosa canina L.), calendula officinalis flowers (Calendula officinalis), rosemary officinalis (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), and the determination of some of its indicators. To obtain an extract from phytomass, extraction was carried out by maceration and percolation using ethanol as an extractant (40%, 70%, and 95%). In the extracts obtained, the identity of rutoside was determined and its quantitative determination was carried out by the spectrophotometric method. According to the results of quantitative determination, the amount of flavonoids in the extract obtained by the maceration method was higher, and the relative error of the determination was  1.12%, and the relative error of the extract obtained by the percolation method was  3.47. %. As a result, the maceration method was chosen as the extraction method. In order to study the initial antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extract obtained by the maceration method, comparative microbiological studies were carried out using the disk diffusion method. It has been established that the presented extract has a zone of inhibition against S. aureus and Candida albicans cells. Thus, taking into account the results of microbiological studies, 70% ethanol was chosen as the optimal solvent.

Phyto-stimulating Effect of Paracetamol Biodestruction Product on Calendula Officinalis

Introduction. In recent years, there has been an increase in fundamental interest in the search for effective, including microbiological, methods for processing pharmaceutical waste to obtain new biologically active compounds on their basis. Our results showed that the product of bacterial degradation of paracetamol (BDP) exhibits pronounced stimulating properties in relation to medicinal plants of the families Plantaginaceae, Lamiaceae, Urticaceae, Linaceae and can be used as an inducer of the accumulation of biologically active substances in them.Aim. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of BDP on the dynamics of biomass accumulation and the content of flavonoids in the flowers of Calendula officinalis L., fam. Asteraceae in comparison with the control (water) and growth stimulator "Zircon".Materials and methods. BDP obtained on the basis of the Laboratory of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganism UB RAS (Perm). Calendula officinalis flowers collected from plants treated with BDP and Zircon growth stimulator were used to study the dynamics of dry biomass accumulation and changes in the content of flavonoids by the spectrophotometric method. For a comparative analysis of the intensity of the increase in the biomass of flowers during the treatment of plants with these agents, as well as to predict the accumulation of flavonoids, kinetic modeling was used.Results and discussion. The total biomass harvest of calendula officinalis flowers when treated with BDP increased by 55 %, and when treated with the Zircon growth stimulator, by 24 % compared to the control. The content of flavonoids in flowers when treated with these agents increased by 101 and 40 %, respectively. The dates for the beginning of the collection of calendula officinalis flowers in the conditions of the Western Urals were determined: with the use of the Zircon growth stimulator – from July 20, BDP – from August 1, without treatment with growth stimulants – from August 14. Both stimulants increase the end date of the collection of raw materials by 10 days.Conclusion. The product of bacterial degradation of paracetamol has a pronounced stimulating effect on calendula officinalis, significantly increasing the biomass of flowers and the content of flavonoids in them compared to the control (water) and growth stimulator "Zircon". With the use of kinetic modeling, the values of the parameters of the growth rate of the biomass of plant raw materials during the treatment of plants with these agents were established, a forecast was made for the accumulation of flavonoids, and the timing of the collection of calendula officinalis flowers in the conditions of the Western Urals was substantiated.

Development and Evaluation of Hydrogel Wound Dressings Loaded with Herbal Extracts

The current study aimed to develop carbomer based hydrogel dressings, incorporating ethanolic extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis aerial parts, Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis flowers. The pharmaceutical properties of the obtained hydrogels, as well as their texture and antimicrobial activity, were further evaluated. Five wound dressing formulations based on carbopol were prepared. The addition of the ethanolic extracts to the formulation slightly lowered the pH of the hydrogels, as expected. The Rosmarinus officinalis aerial parts extract loaded hydrogel proved to be the firmest one. In terms of consistency and viscosity, the behavior of the five hydrogels was relatively similar. Based on the texture analysis, the texture of the hydrogels has been affected to some extent by the addition of the ethanolic extracts, decreasing their consistency, firmness, and adhesiveness. The hydrogel loaded with Rosmarinus officinalis aerial parts extract and the one incorporating the blend of extracts (mixture of the three above-mentioned extracts) proved to have a good antimicrobial activity. The studied hydrogel formulations could serve as a basis for the development of novel wound dressing materials, although more extended in vivo studies would be needed in order to support current results.

The role of non-hormonal methods in treatment of urogenital menopausal syndrome: modern views

The article is devoted to a review of the literature on the problem of overcoming the negative outcomes of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). It is known that a woman is in menopause almost 30–40% of her life, and according to WHO, by 2030, 1.2 billion women will be in postmenopause. At the same time, there is an increase in life expectancy in developed countries, which also leads to an increase in the number of women with GSM. The article presents the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of GSM, in particular, it is indicated that the occurrence and degree of manifestations of this pathology are proportional to the decrease in estrogens level and their metabolism in the organism. The prevalence of GSM symptoms among menopausal women has been shown in the article. The negative impact of the GSM outcomes on the quality of life of patients is described. Women who are sexually active during menopause are more likely to have the manifestations of this pathology and consult with the doctor, but sexually inactive women can also benefit from awareness of the manifestations and the treatment of GSM. Unlike vasomotor symptoms, which may become less pronounced over time, the manifestations of GSM progress if not to treat them, tend to more severe course, and almost never disappear spontaneously.Modern approaches to the treatment of this pathology are also given. In particular, the possibility of prescribing plant therapy as an alternative to menopausal hormone therapy is considered. Herbal medicines can be used for a long time and without health risks. A range of vaginal oils, vaginal moisturizers with hyaluronic acid, isoflavones (a medicine with fennel, chamomile and saffron) are commonly used to treat women with GSM.The article discusses the issues of recommendations for the prescription of herbal therapy, its advantages and features of use. The possibility of treating the symptoms of GSM for sexually active and inactive women with vaginal suppositories, which include hyaluronic acid (in the form of sodium salt), tocopherol acetate, Asian centella extract, chamomile flower extract, calendula officinalis flower extract, which have a moisturizing, regenerative effect, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory action for the rapid restoration of the vaginal mucosa. The effectiveness and safety of such therapy was established.

Study of mass transfer processes during the Calendula officinalis flowers extraction

Study of mass transfer processes during the Calendula officinalis flowers extraction

In vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Chrysanthemum indicum, and Calendula officinalis flower extracts against Gram negative and Gram positive food poisoning bacteria

In vitro antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Chrysanthemum indicum, and Calendula officinalis flower extracts against Gram negative and Gram positive food poisoning bacteria

Complex evaluation of calendula officinalis flowers by main biologically active substances content

Relevance. The demand for medicinal raw materials of Calendula officinalis L. is determined by the high content of pharmacologically significant compounds. Comparison of the most common ornamental cultivars of Calendula officinalis L.) in terms of yield and content of biologically active substances in the raw material helps to identify the most promising cultivars in terms of a set of indicators.Materials and methods.The decorative cultivars Apricot, Art Shads, Fiesta Gitana, Kabluna golden-yellow, Orange King, Orange Balls, Yellow Gitana and Golden Balls, characterized by large inflorescences and terry, were used as prototypes. The cultivar Kalta, widely used for the production of medicinal raw materials, was chosen as a control. The experiments were laid on the experimental plots of the Fruit Growing Laboratory of the Russian State Agricultural University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Productivity was determined as the total weight of inflorescences harvested during the entire season per unit area. The amount of flavonoids was determined by spectrophotometry. The amount of polysaccharides was determined according to the modified Draywood method. The lutein content was determined by HPLC.Results.To obtain inflorescences we can recommend to use the variety Orange King, which, with a satisfactory yield (0.363 kg/m2), was characterized by a high content of flavonoids (1.2%) and satisfactory (35.9%) extractives and corresponds to the quality of raw materials required by GF XIV. In addition, this variety was characterized by an increased content of polysaccharides (20.3%). The Varieties Apricot and Yellow Gitana were characterized by high productivity (562±49 and 507±41 g/m2, respectively). Their raw materials can be used by production of herbal teas, where the content of flavonoids is not regulated. As sources of lutein, one should pay attention to the ligulate flowers of the varieties Apricot, Fiesta Gitana, Golden balls. In the variety Kabluna, with the maximum lutein content, the proportion of reed flowers in the inflorescence was only 38%. In varieties with large inflorescences, the content of lutein in reed flowers was higher (R=0.685). Large non-double inflorescences will be most productive in this indicator.

Use of an electrochemical biotesting technique for comparing the antibiotic properties of plant extracts obtained using liquefied CO<sub>2</sub>

We present a biotesting technique that allows periodic (every 2 hours) recording of changes in the pH, redox potential and electrical conductivity of a liquid nutrient medium incubated in the presence or absence of viable test microorganisms and test samples. This technique was used to compare the pro- and antibiotic activity of various concentrations of subcritical whole extracts obtained from 10 plant species using liquefied CO 2 against Lactobacillus acidophilus and other test microorganisms, such as Chlorella vulgaris and Rhodotorula glutinis. It was established that the proposed technique provides for a quicker, more objective and informative, as well as less material-consuming and labour-intensive, microbiological testing compared to conventional visual methods aimed at assessing effects of pharmaceutical, food and other products on the activity of test microorganisms. Among the studied plant varieties, extracts from celandine roots (Chelidonium majus) and calendula officinalis flowers (Calendula officinalis) at a concentration of 3% vol. and above demonstrated the most active prolonged antibiotic properties. Extracts from mistletoe shoots (Viscum album) and walnut leaves (Juglans regia) at a concentration of 0.2% vol. showed the most active prolonged probiotic properties. The initial pro- and antibiotic activity of the tested extracts was in most cases greater than their prolonged activity. At the same time, the medium-term (with respect to the period of interaction of the extracts and microorganisms) pro- and antibiotic activity of the tested extracts showed intermediate values between their initial and prolonged activity. It is noteworthy that a decrease in the concentration of the tested extracts in the test environment led to a steady decrease in their antibiotic activity, at the same time as increasing their probiotic activity. Thus, it is clear that the pro- and antibiotic activity of pharmaceutical, food and other products, including various plant extracts, is determined not only by the choice of raw materials and the method for extracting biologically active substances, but also by the concentration of extracts, the time of their interaction with microbiota and other living organisms, as well as by a variety of other factors. The exact nature of these dependencies can only be established through multiple tests, which can conveniently be carried out using the methodology presented in this work.

Modification of Collagen/Gelatin/Hydroxyethyl Cellulose-Based Materials by Addition of Herbal Extract-Loaded Microspheres Made from Gellan Gum and Xanthan Gum.

Because consumers are nowadays focused on their health and appearance, natural ingredients and their novel delivery systems are one of the most developing fields of pharmacy, medicine, and cosmetics. The main goal of this study was to design, prepare, and characterize composite materials obtained by incorporation of microspheres into the porous polymer materials consisting of collagen, gelatin, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. Microspheres, based on gellan gum and xanthan gum with encapsulated Calendula officinalis flower extract, were produced by two methods: extrusion and emulsification. The release profile of the extract from both types of microspheres was compared. Then, obtained microparticles were incorporated into polymeric materials with a porous structure. This modification had an influence on porosity, density, swelling properties, mechanical properties, and stability of materials. Besides, in vitro tests were performed using mouse fibroblasts. Cell viability was assessed with the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The obtained materials, especially with microspheres prepared by emulsion method, can be potentially helpful when designing cosmetic forms because they were made from safely for skin ingredients used in this industry and the herbal extract was successfully encapsulated into microparticles.

A PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Introduction: Calendula officinalis is one of those plants which have medicinal importance due to its flowers has pharmacological activity the important pharmacological parameters have been less investigated properly and can be scientifically proved by reverse pharmacology. It was found of interest to evaluate these properties of extract of flowers of Calendula officinalis scientifically in experimental models.
 Methods: Study was conducted in Albino Wistar rats.Fresh Calendula officinalis flowers were collected, extraction and drug formulation was made. Anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis (HECO) flowers was studied in the Carrageenan induced paw edema model & Cotton pellet induced granuloma models The differences between experimental groups were compared by ANOVA followed by Students “t” unpaired test.
 Results: The Calendula officinalis extract of flowers at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant and highly significant inhibition (p< 0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) of paw edema after giving the carrageenan in the rat paw in comparison of control. In cotton pellets induced granuloma pouch method also, the Hydrochloric extract of Calendula officinalis (HECO) flowers showed very significant reduction of weight of granuloma (p<0.01) with 22.80% protection as compared with control.
 Conclusion: We conclude that the Anti-inflammatory activity was noted with Hydrochloric extract of Calendula officinalis in a dose-dependent manner in acute (carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model) as well as sub-acute (cotton pellet induced granuloma model) inflammatory experimental models. They decrease the chemical mediators of inflammation
 Key Words: Calendula Officinalis, anti inflammation, Paw Edema Model, granuloma pouch method , HECO

Cosmeceutical potential of geranium and calendula essential oil: Determination of antioxidant activity and in vitro sun protection factor.

The present investigation was aimed to find out the sun protection factor (SPF) and antioxidant potential of geranium essential oil (GEO) and calendula essential oil (CEO) because having a combination of these two properties moves up the oils as an active ingredient of various cosmeceutical formulations for their preventive and protective properties. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of Pelargonium graveolens leaves (GEO) and Calendula officinalis flowers (CEO). The composition and identification of chemical constituents of oils were determined by GCMS analysis. Free radical scavenging activity was measured by nitric oxide scavenging activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. It was observed that both GEO and CEO have the potential to reduce or prevent oxidative stress and can be used in skin care regimen to slow down skin aging via its antioxidant properties. In vitro SPF was determined by a very simple and rapid spectroscopic method. SPF value of GEO and CEO was found to 6.45 and 8.36, respectively. The SPF of CEO was higher than GEO, and the results of SPF show that these essential oils can be employed in sunscreen formulations to protect the skin from sunburn. From the results, it can be concluded that the combined antioxidant and SPF property of GEO and CEO can provide synergistic photoprotective effect or lift up the additional value of the cosmeceutical formulation.

Studying the radioprotective properties of some phytoextracts from Azerbaijan pharmaceutical flora

Aim. The aim of this work is to evaluate the radioprotective properties of the extract from the flowers of calendula officinalis (Calendula officinalis L.) alone and phytoextracts (CDY) consisting of calendula officinalis (Calendula officinalis), dandelion officinalis (Taráxacum officinále) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium) obtained from medicinal flora of Azerbaijan. Methods. The medicinal plants included in the collection were dried and the extract obtained in a water-alcohol mixture. The extracts were injected intraperitoneally in mice at a concentration of 300 mg / kg 30 min before irradiation at a dose of 9 Gy. Results. It was found out that the extract of calendula possesses radioprotective activity (55%), somewhat inferior to the activity of the protector-standard of cystamine (80%), and phytoextracts (CDY) decreasing the lethal effect of ionizing radiation, has radioprotective activity (62%) and increases survival and life expectancy lethally irradiated mice more than the extract of calendula (55%) and less cystamine (80%). Conclusions. The data obtained by us testify to the prospects of using the extract of calendula separately and in a complex of extracts of dandelion and yarrow in the development of medicinal compositions intended for preventive purposes and in order to prevent local radiation injuries.
 Keywords: mice, survival, irradiation, extract, cystamine.