Marigold Flowers Research Articles

Plant Carotenoids as Pigment Sources in Laying Hen Diets: Effect on Yolk Color, Carotenoid Content, Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Eggs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a supplementation diet for hens consisting of dried basil herb and flowers of calendula and dandelion for color, carotenoid content, iron-induced oxidative stability, and sensory properties of egg yolk compared with commercial pigment (control) and marigold flower. The plant parts were supplemented in diets at two levels: 1% and 3%. In response to dietary content, yolks from all diets differed in carotenoid profile (p < 0.001). The 3% supplementation level resulted in a similar total carotenoid content as the control (21.25 vs. 21.79 μg/g), but by 3-fold lower compared to the 3% marigold (66.95 μg/g). The tested plants did not achieve yolk color fan values as the control (13.47) or 3% marigold (11.47), and among them, calendula had the highest values (9.73). Despite the low carotenoid content in diets supplemented with basil herb, iron-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was low as for marigold (on average 106.83 vs. 92.68 ng/g after 250 min). The treatments differed in sensory color scores for fresh and hard-boiled yolks and flavor while other sensory properties were similar. In conclusion, the supplementation of plants in a hen diet may result in yolks containing carotenoids and other compounds showing a high antioxidant effect.

Potensi Daur Ulang Sampah Upacara Adat di Pulau Bali

Bali island as one of the best tourism destinations in the world is producing waste around 4.281 ton/day, including the temple waste. Every month, over 3 million Balinese Hindus carry out ceremonies. At the end of the day, each temple produces about 2000 L of temple waste, which is directly disposed to landfill without any treatment due to the insufficiency of waste processing facilities. The treatment of temple waste potentially such as water sanitation, waste accumulation, pollution, and human health. This study describes the characteristic of temple waste generated from home and the efforts of temple waste recycling initiatives. The temple waste is generally composed by 80% of organic material, such as flowers, leaves, fruit and food waste, coconut, bamboo, and in other side the plastic does exist. Some initiatives in recycling the temple waste were done in the previous research, such as aromatherapeutic incense from discarded flowers, generating vermicompost by mixing the discarded flowers with cow dung, and producing biofuel from marigold flowers. A recycling improvement is urgently needed by the existing temple waste in Bali. It is expected that Balinese Temple as the cultural icon of Bali would not be longer become the waste contributor to the landfill.

Variation in Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Osmotica of Different Cultivars of Tagetes erecta L. at Different Growth Stages and Effect of its Leachates on Germination and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The present investigation reports antioxidant and osmotic components of Marigold at different developmental stages and also presents influence of its leachates on germination and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Leaves of younger plants exhibit more phenols, tannins and flavonoids as compared to root and stem. Leaves and flowers of CV. PBG exhibited greater contents of total phenols and flavonoids in comparison to CV. PNG. Leaves and flowers had greater free amino acids and free proline as compared to stem and root. Sodium was more in roots than in stem and leaves, whereas potassium and nitrogen are greater in leaves and stem of younger plants. Leaves of CV. PBG accumulated greater contents of potassium, nitrogen and calcium in comparison to those of PNG. Activity of PAL, SOD and CAT was greater in older plants and in flowers as compared to leaves. Non-enzymatic antioxidant components like ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione also exhibited the same trend. Nevertheless, APX, GPX and GR activity was less in the older plants and more in flowers than leaves. APX and GR activity was higher in CV. PBG than CV. PNG, whereas the activity of GPX and GST was more in PNG in comparison to PBG. The two cultivars (PNG and PBG) of Tagetes erecta L., their different parts and developmental stages showed considerable variation in their antioxidant and osmotic constituents. Accumulation of various antioxidant and osmotic components reported above may probably help Tagetes erecta L. adapt to varying environments. Higher concentration of leachates of leaves and flowers of marigold reduced germination percentage and seedling growth of wheat, whereas treatments of leachates of lower concentration somewhat stimulated the growth of wheat seedlings. Flower leachates showed more pronounced effects than leaf leachates. Further experimentation may lead to identification of allelochemicals in these leachates which may pave way for exploring the possibility of their use along with synthetic herbicides/weedicides in order to minimize the toxicity of soil caused by the use of synthetic compounds.

PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA NABATI MENGENDALIKAN HAMA-HAMA PADI MERAH (Oryza nivara L.) DI DUSUN SOPORARU, TAPANULI UTARA, SUMATERA UTARA

Locally specific Natabo brown rice was identified in Pangaribuan Subdistrict, North Tapanuli, where the attack of stem borer, brown planthoppers, leafhoppers and stink bugs affects rice productivity. The alternative step to control pests in a biological used by biology pesticides to increase productivity and food security. This research was conducted for eight months during March to October 2020, with a survey stage, inventory of pests in the fields using the purposive random sampling method in Soporaru backwoods, Sigotom Julu Village, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli. The application of biology pesticides consists of 5 treatments, namely: B0 (Control, without application); BP1 (neem leaves, galangal, lemongrass, detergent, water); BP2 (soursop leaves, galangal rhizome, garlic, detergent, water); BP3 (soursop leaves, detergent, water) and BP4 (kenikir leaves, marigold flowers, Zinnia flowers). The composition of insects consist of 8 order, 26 familes, totalpopulation were 1.080 individuals.The calculation of the Margallef species richness index (Rp=7.25; Rc=7.15), the Evenness evenness index (Ep= 0.62; Ec=0.57) and the Shannon Wiener diversity index (Hp'= 2.38; Hc’=2.12). The parameters of temperature, humidity, rainfall) are calculated. The use of biology pesticides has strategic potential in controlling the dominant pests of rice in the future.

Effect of foliar application of nickel on physiological and phytochemical characteristics of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis)

Abstract Nickel (Ni) is one of the important heavy metals and elements identified as fundamental for plant growth and development. In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of nickel on physiological and phytochemical traits, this research was conducted as a pot experiment. Treatments consisted of 5 different concentrations of nickel nitrate, including 0 (control), 0.07, 0.156, 0.234, 0.312 mg/L in four replications. Foliar application of different concentrations of nickel was performed in two stages: The first stage is in 2–4 leaves and the second stage was at the time of budding. Results showed that different concentrations of nickel had significant effects on physiological and phytochemical traits of marigold. The best treatment for improvement of plant growth parameters and antioxidant activity was observed at concentration of 0.156 mg/L but physiological traits were most frequently at concentration of 0.234 mg/L. Ni at high concentrations had a detrimental effect on the indices studied. Although, total phenol content increased with increasing Ni concentration. Therefore, application of appropriate concentrations of Ni can improve the physiological and phytochemical traits of pot marigold flowers.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles using Calendula officinalis extract from silver sulfate and their antibacterial effects on Pectobacterium caratovorum

Pectobacterium caratovorum subsp. cacatovorum (Pcc) is one of the most important plant pathogens that cause a wide range of symptoms, such as soft rot in a wide range of plants. So in this work to control these pathogens, silver nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by marigold flower extract using silver sulfate salt, for the first time. There are several ways to produce silver NPs; but, the use of plants in the synthesis of NPs has received much attention in recent years due to low cost, high production speed, efficiency, and environmental compatibility. The prepared silver NPs were characterized by UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used to determine the morphology and size of the NPs. Also, their antibacterial effect was evaluated by three methods of determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and biofilm inhibition against Pcc. The present study showed that the green method produced uniform silver NPs with small size and antibacterial properties. It also showed that silver NPs synthesized due to the different chemical structure of silver sulfate salt have a weaker antibacterial effect than similar NPs synthesized from other silver salts. The MIC and MBC records were 40 and 160 ppm, respectively. The NPs showed a bimodal effect on biofilm formation as the lowest biofilm formation achieved in 2.5 and 40 ppm, respectively.

Unique hierarchical SiO2@ZnIn2S4 marigold flower like nanoheterostructure for solar hydrogen production.

The novel marigold flower like SiO2@ZnIn2S4 nano-heterostructure was fabricated using an in situ hydrothermal method. The nanoheterostructure exhibits hexagonal structure with marigold flower like morphology. The porous marigold flower assembly was constructed using ultrathin nanosheets. Interestingly, the thickness of the nanopetal was observed to be 5–10 nm and tiny SiO2 nanoparticles (5–7 nm) are decorated on the surface of the nanopetals. As the concentration of SiO2 increases the deposition of SiO2 nanoparticles on ZnIn2S4 nanopetals increases in the form of clusters. The optical study revealed that the band gap lies in the visible range of the solar spectrum. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the chemical structure and valence states of the as-synthesized SiO2@ZnIn2S4 nano-heterostructure were confirmed. The photocatalytic activities of the hierarchical SiO2@ZnIn2S4 nano-heterostructure for hydrogen evolution from H2S under natural sunlight have been investigated with regard to the band structure in the visible region. The 0.75% SiO2@ZnIn2S4 showed a higher photocatalytic activity (6730 μmol−1 h−1 g−1) for hydrogen production which is almost double that of pristine ZnIn2S4. Similarly, the hydrogen production from water splitting was observed to be 730 μmol−1 h−1 g−1. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the inhibition of charge carrier separation owing to the hierarchical morphology, heterojunction and crystallinity of the SiO2@ZnIn2S4.

Fizička, hemijska i antioksidativna studija stabilnosti topikalne formulacije na bazi ekstrakta cveta nevena (Calendula officinalis L.)

Pot marigold flower extract (Calendula officinalis L.) has pharmacological properties due to the presence of various bioactive compounds. It is known that the extract has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimutagenic, antidermatitis properties, etc. The aim of this study was to improve the quality of the selected topical formulation by adding the ethanolic extract of pot marigold flower, as well as to monitor its stability. The topical formulation was water-in-oil emulsion prepared using the hot/hot emulsification process with an oil phase consisting of Vaseline, lanolin, and almond oil. The extract, prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction, had an antioxidants content of 3.512 g gallic acid equivalent per 100 g-1 of dry weight and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.14 mg mL-1 determined by the DPPH assay. Chemical stability studies have shown that daylight has no significant effect on the stability of antioxidants in the extract, while an increase in temperature leads to their degradation. The shelf-life of the extract is about 8 months at 4 °C and 3 months at 22 °C (room temperature). The prepared uncategorized topical formulations containing 1% and 2% (w/w) pot marigold extract were stable at different temperatures during the storage. The uncategorized formulations showed antioxidant activity, but the activity of the extract in the formulations decreased with increasing storage temperature. Pot marigold flower extract and the developed uncategorized formulations showed an inhibitory effect on Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae), as well as on Candida albicans. The uncategorized formulations with this activity can be used in the treatment of skin infection.

Influence of packaging material and storage duration on postharvest quality of marigold flowers in different seasons

Influence of packaging material and storage duration on postharvest quality of marigold flowers in different seasons

Optimization and Extraction of Natural Dye from Tagetes Erecta and Dyeing of Cotton and Silk Fabric Using Banana (Musa Sp.) Pseudo Stem Sap

ABSTRACT The extraction of natural dye using an aqueous method is a concept of green chemistry to avoid environmental pollution and toxicity. The present study was performed to improve the color strength and fastness properties of the fabrics by using natural dye and banana pseudo stem sap as a natural mordant. The natural dye was extracted from marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta) and optimized for dyeing of cotton and silk fabrics. The extraction of the dye was done in an aqueous solution without using any solvents. The optimum results were obtained when the fabric was dyed at 80°C for 60 min by keeping the mass to liquid ratio 1:40 at pH-7 (1.19). The color strength and CIELab (L*, a*, and b*) color parameters were also investigated. The effect of banana pseudo stem saps as a natural mordant on the color strength and fastness properties of the cotton and silk fabrics were evaluated and compared. The cotton fabrics were further characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the physical and chemical changes after dyeing and mordanting.

English

English

Cu (II) ions removal from water by charcoal obtained from marigold flower waste

Flower waste management is becoming a very challenging problem due to the huge time requirement for its segregation and biodegradation. Charcoal prepared using flower waste can be considered as an effective adsorbent for wastewater remediation. In this study marigold flower waste was used to prepare charcoal, and characterization was done using SEM and EDS. The marigold flower charcoal (MFC) was used for adsorption study of Cu (II) metal ions from aqueous solution. Modelling of adsorption isotherm showed that adsorption data is best fitted with Temkin isotherm and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. The values of n and E are less than one which supports the physical adsorption of Cu (II) ions onto MFC. In summary the data obtained is very significant to utilize the flower waste for water remediation.

Influence of Irrigation Levels, In Presence of Potassium Silicate Sprays Treatments on Growth, Flowering and Chemical Constituents of Marigold (tageteserectal.) Plant.

Field experiment was conducted at the nursery and Experimental farm of El-Qanater ElKhayria Horticultural Research Station, Qalubiya Governorate, Egypt, In cooperation with the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, during the two growing successive seasons of 2017 and 2018.This work aimed to investigate the response of Marigold Tageteserecta L.seedlings grown under irrigation regime levels to foliar spray of different concentrations of potassium silica on vegetative growth, rooting, flowers yield and chemical constituents.Results illustrated that, the highest irrigation levelI1(percentage of Available Soil Moisture Depletion ASMD was 25%), gave the maximum values of vegetative, flowering, roots parameters and chemical constituents in both seasons. Therefore, potassium silicate Si4 (4.0mlL-1) as foliar spray scored the highest values of parameters mentionedabove.Further more, the highest values of these parameters were observed when plants were sprayed with 4mlL-1potassium silicate and grown under irrigation condition I1 (25 % ASMD), while these values were minimum in Marigold at I3 (75 % ASMD) and sprayed with potassium silicate treatment (0.0%) in 1st an 2ndseasons. Conclusively, it could be concluded that foliar application of potassium silicate (0.0,2.0 and 4.0 mlL-1) may be an effective strategy in reducing drought stress treatments (25, 50 and 75 % ASMD) effects with superior for at 4 mlL-1 which enhanced all parameters were studied Marigold (Tageteserecta L.) plant. Therefore, application of K2SiO3 sprays is recommended for improving growth and chemical composition of Marigold under water-stress conditions, highest irrigation rate (25% ASMD.) has the lowest economic water productivity and potassium silicate sprays could alleviate water stress.

Comparison of low- and high-methoxyl pectin for the stabilization of whey protein isolate as carrier for lutein

Lutein (LUT) is a natural colorant and antioxidant that is found in vegetable sources such as marigold flowers and green leaves. Due to its instability under some environmental conditions, carrier materials are desirable to protect and incorporate this natural colorant into food products. Whey protein isolate (WPI) and pectin have been studied as a well-known system to entrap active compounds. The first part of this study evaluated the effect of total concentration (0.2 and 0.4%) and biopolymer ratio (3:0, 3:1, 3:2, 3:3, 2:3, 1:3 and 0:3) of the WPI:low methoxyl pectin (LMP) nanocomplexes (NCs). Subsequently, the influence of the type of pectin, including LMP and high methoxyl pectin (HMP) for the optimization of NCs was studied at different concentrations of pectin at ratios of 4:0, 4:1, 4:2, 4:3, 4:4 and 0:4 (WPI:LMP/HMP). Moreover, the loading of LUT into the NCs was investigated to assess its effect on the particle and stabilization properties. All NCs showed a stable particle size at pH 5.0 and precipited at lower pH values. NCs loaded with LUT at a ratio of 4:1 (WPI:LMP) and pH 5.0 showed the most stable system with a particle size of 204 ± 5 nm after 30 days. The binding properties showed a maximum binding constant (Kq) of 5.35 × 1013 M−1 S−1 at pH 7.0, which proves that this is the optimal pH condition to bind the LUT to the WPI.

Marigold flower like structured Cu2NiSnS4 electrode for high energy asymmetric solid state supercapacitors

The growth in energy devices and the role of supercapacitors are increasingly important in today’s world. Designing an electrode material for supercapacitors using metals that have high performance, superior structure, are eco-friendly, inexpensive and highly abundant is essentially required for commercialization. In this point of view, quaternary chalcogenide Cu2NiSnS4 with fascinating marigold flower like microstructured electrodes are synthesized using different concentrations of citric acid (0, 0.05 M, 0.1 M and 0.2 M) by employing solvothermal method. The electrode materials physicochemical characteristics are deliberated in detail using the basic characterization techniques. The electrochemical studies revealed better electrochemical performances, in particular, Cu2NiSnS4@0.1 M-CA electrode revealed high 1029 F/g specific capacitance at 0.5 A/g current density. Further, it retained 78.65% capacity over 5000 cycles. To prove the practical applicability, a full-cell asymmetric solid-state device is fabricated, and it delivered 41.25 Wh/Kg and 750 Wh/Kg energy and power density at 0.5 A/g. The optimum citric acid added Cu2NiSnS4 electrode is shown to be a promising candidate for supercapacitor applications.

Extraction of lutein from marigold flower using solvent extraction

The solvent extraction of lutein from marigold flowers was studied. The influence of three variables namely, the extraction temperature, ratio of the marigold flowers in the solvent, and ratio of ethanol in the solvent were investigated by a central composite design (CCD). The relationship between the yield and these variables was obtained by a regression model. The optimum condition was also determined. The highest yield for lutein (91.4%) was predicted by the regression model, which showed good agreement with the experimental results.

MiRNAs analysis during marigold (Tagetes erecta) flower development

miRNAs analysis during marigold (<i>Tagetes erecta</i>) flower development

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth parameter, flowering parameter and content of NPK in African marigold

This research was conducted to investigate the Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth parameter, flowering parameter and content of NPK in African marigold, during ‘Kharif’ season 2019-2020 at Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur. The fertilizers applied as per the treatments to evaluate the growth, flowering parameter and content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in African marigold flower and plant. The Experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with sixteen treatment replicates thrice. The treatments comprised of four levels of nitrogen viz. N1 -0 kg ha-1, N2 -80 kg ha-1, N3 -100 kg ha-1, N4 -120 kg ha-1 and four levels of phosphorus viz. P1 -0 kg ha-1, P2- 40 kg ha-1, P3 -50 kg ha-1, P4-60 kg ha-1. The maximum vegetative growth viz. plant height, stem diameter, plant spread and flowering parameters viz., days required for 50 per cent flowering, days required for first harvest were significantly found superior with the treatment combination of N3P3 (100 kg N ha-1 with 50 kg P ha-1). In respect of content of NPK in African marigold flower and plant increased with individual application of N3 (100 kg N ha-1) and P3 (50 kg P ha-1) and content of NPK in plant of African marigold was improved significantly with the combined application of N3P3 (100 kg N ha-1 with 50 kg P ha-1).

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on quality parameter and uptake of NPK by African marigold

This research was conducted to investigate the Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on quality parameter and uptake of NPK by African marigold, during ‘Kharif’ season 2019-2020 at Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur. The fertilizers applied as per the treatments to evaluate the quality parameters and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by African marigold flower and plant. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with sixteen treatment with replicate thrice. The treatments comprised of four levels of nitrogen viz. N1 -0 kg ha-1, N2 -80 kg ha-1, N3 -100 kg ha-1, N4 -120 kg ha-1 and four levels of phosphorus viz. P1 -0 kg ha-1, P2- 40 kg ha-1, P3 -50 kg ha-1, P4-60 kg ha-1. The maximum test weight and germination% were significantly found superior with the treatment combination of N3P3 (100 kg N ha-1 with 50 kg P ha-1). In respect of uptake of NPK by African marigold flower and plant increased with individual application of N3 (100 kg N ha-1) and P3 (50 kg P ha-1) and also improved significantly with the combined application of N3P3 (100 kg N ha-1 with 50 kg P ha-1).

Carotenoid metabolite and transcriptome dynamics underlying flower color in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)

Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is an important ornamental plant with a wide variety of flower colors. Despite its economic value, few biochemical and molecular studies have explored the generation of flower color in this species. To study the mechanism underlying marigold petal color, we performed a metabolite analysis and de novo cDNA sequencing on the inbred line ‘V-01’ and its petal color mutant ‘V-01M’ at four flower developmental stages. A total of 49,217 unigenes were identified from 24 cDNA libraries. Based on our metabolites and transcriptomic analyses, we present an overview of carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and accumulation in marigold flowers. The carotenoid content of the yellow mutant ‘V-01M’ was higher than that of the orange inbred line ‘V-01’, and the abundances of the yellow compounds lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and antheraxanthin were significantly higher in the mutant. During flower development, the carotenoid biosynthesis genes were upregulated in both ‘V-01’ and ‘V-01M’, with no significant differences between the two lines. By contrast, the carotenoid degradation genes were dramatically downregulated in the yellow mutant ‘V-01M’. We therefore speculate that the carotenoid degradation genes are the key factors regulating the carotenoid content of marigold flowers. Our research provides a large amount of transcriptomic data and insights into the marigold color metabolome.