Marigold Flowers Research Articles

Evaluation of phytoconstituents in marigold effluent for their antifungal activity against plant pathogens.

The current study placed an intense emphasis on the excess discharge of agro-based industrial effluent and the use of plant extract antimicrobials to inhibit the growth of pathogens in crop plants. An effluent (treated and untreated) from the marigold flower processing industry has been identified for the presence of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, and a total of 18 in treated effluent and 23 in untreated effluent were found using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 13 classes were identified, which include carboxylic acid, phenols, esters, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, cyanide, heterocyclic, flavonoids, aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic, cycloalkanes, and cycloalkenes. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was applied to discern the abundance of identified compounds under each class. An in vitro antifungal bioassay was conducted using effluents at three different concentrations against plant pathogens (Alternaria alter nata, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). The study proved that treated and untreated effluents clearly inhibited the growth of fungal pathogens by 10 to 32% and 37 to 92%, respectively. The findings suggest that marigold flower effluent can be a promising resource for developing new plant protection methods that are effective against pathogenic fungi.

Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal anti-acne patch

Abstract Background: Herbal anti-acne patches are designed to treat acne and blemishes by reducing breakouts, absorbing excess oil, promoting healing, preventing infection, and reducing pain. They also hydrate the skin, offering convenience and ease of use. These patches aim to effectively target and treat acne lesions, encourage healing, prevent future breakouts, and provide comprehensive care for clearer, healthier skin, all without causing irritation or discomfort. Materials and Methods: In this preparation, fresh marigold flowers were collected, cleaned, dried, powdered, and sifted. Neem leaves were gathered, cleaned, dried, ground, weighed, and stored. Results: The results revealed that the anti-acne patches were evaluated for quality based on moisture content, pH, thickness, absorption, folding resistance, and swelling. Conclusion: The study developed anti-acne patches using ethanol extracts from marigold flowers and neem leaves, known for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Effective against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus, the patches demonstrated significant bacterial inhibition through agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods, suggesting their potential as safe, natural acne treatments.

Design and Development of Marigold Flower Petal Separating Machine

Abstract: A marigold flower petal separating machine has been fabricated. The machine is fabricated for separating flower in two different parts, upper part consist of petals and lower part consisting of seeds. This project focuses in design fabrication of mechanical part of machine and the system of petal and seed separating machine. To achieve this project objective, the machine body structure and the mechanical system need to analyses some other criteria such as performance, strength, safety, and ergonomic design. Design of Model (Mechanism). Fabrication of Model setup as per CAD or CREO design. Conducting Experiment on the Model setup. Results and discussions. Conclusion as per results. After testing and obtaining results the conclusion of project will be done and put to use.

Host Plant Feeding and Ovipositional Preferences of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Laboratory Conditions

Abstract In India, the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has emerged as the most devastating pest of maize, Zea mays L., and is expanding its host range. In this study, we assessed its preference for feeding and oviposition in both choice and nonchoice bioassays including maize, sorghum, castor, cowpea, cotton, banana, and marigold as hosts. At 24 h after release in choice tests, the number of larvae was greatest on maize ears and lowest on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves among the host plants tested. In nonchoice tests, third-instar larvae that fed on maize leaves and ears had the shortest growth periods (2.05 and 2.2 d, respectively) and the longest on marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) flowers (5.2 d). In oviposition preference tests, maize was the most preferred host, with the greatest number of egg masses deposited in choice and nonchoice tests compared with other hosts. Thus, maize was the most preferred host for fall armyworm in our tests, but fall armyworm may also survive on plants other than maize during the nongrowing season, posing a risk to other economically important crops in its expanded range in India.

Analysis of Essential Oil from Calendula arvensis L. (Field Marigold Flowers)

In this study, the quantity, structure, and classification of the essential oil obtained from the flowers of Field-grown Marigold (Calendula arvensis L.) individuals grown in the field environment in Maçka District, Trabzon Province, are presented. The essential oil of the collected and dried flowers was obtained using the Clevenger apparatus through the water distillation method. The components of the essential oil extracted from flowers were determined qualitatively using GC-MS/FID (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Flame Ionization Detector). The components that constitute 99.15% of the essential oil of field-grown Marigold have been identified. According to the results obtained, 74 known components were identified in the extracted essential oil from flowers, while only 2 components remained unidentified. The primary components of essential oil have been identified as %26.34 τ-kadinol, %10.99 δ-kadinol, %16.28 δ-kadinen, %8.79 α-thujen, and %6.04 α-pinen, respectively, in the order of their highest concentration. When considering the chemical classification of components identified in the flowers of Calendula arvensis L, sesquiterpenoids were found to be present at the highest proportion, amounting to 42.48%. When terpenes, terpenoids, or their derivatives were evaluated as components, it was found that they constituted 53 compounds and were present at an extremely high level of 93.32% in the essential oil of Calendula arvensis L.

Scutellarin inhibits oleic acid induced vascular smooth muscle foam cell formation via activating autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Abnormalities in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are pivotal in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Scutellarin (Scu), a flavonoid derived from marigold flowers, exhibits a spectrum of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects. Notably, Scu has demonstrated the capacity to mitigate vascular endothelial damage and prevent atherosclerosis via its antioxidative properties. Nevertheless, the influence of Scu on the formation of VSMC-derived foam cells remains underexplored. In this study, Scu was evidenced to efficaciously attenuate oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid accumulation and the upregulation of adipose differentiation-associated protein Plin2 in a dose- and time-responsive manner. We elucidated that Scu effectively diminishes OA-provoked VSMC foam cell formation. Further, it was established that Scu pretreatment augments the protein expression of LC3B-II and the mRNA levels of Map1lc3b and Becn1, concurrently diminishing the protein levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome compared to the OA group. Activation of autophagy through rapamycin attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome protein expression, intracellular lipid droplet content and Plin2 mRNA levels. Scu also counteracted the OA-induced decrement of LC3B-II levels in the presence of bafilomycin-a1, facilitating the genesis of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Complementarily, in vivo experiments revealed that Scu administration substantially reduced arterial wall thickness, vessel wall cross-sectional area, wall-to-lumen ratio and serum total cholesterol levels in comparison to the high-fat diet model group. Collectively, our findings suggest that Scu attenuates OA-induced VSMC foam cell formation through the induction of autophagy and the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Evaluation of packaging materials for enhancing the storage life of marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta)

Among the various loose flower crops, marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) holds a prominent place among commercial crops. Its vibrant blooms are in high demand, but flowers are perishable, rendering them susceptible to significant post-harvest losses. Efforts to mitigate these losses will enhance the overall flower production, distribution to maximize its economic potential and to sustain valuable contribution for the industry. So, the present experiment on storage of marigold flowers was conducted during 2021 and 2022 at the ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi with an objective to improve the shelf life of flowers by using different packaging materials. The results revealed that in marigold var. Pusa Basanti Gainda, maximum shelf life, high carotenoid content, minimum ion leakage, physiological loss in weight and enzyme activity were achieved in flowers packed in shrink-wrap and stored under low-temperature (6±20C) conditions.

Biljke u prirodnoj kozmetici

The paper gives an overview of the development of cosmetics through history, then shows some of the plant species and their parts that are most often used or included in cosmetic preparations. The list comprises the following plant species: Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Calendula officinalis L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lavandula officinalis L., Cucumis sativus L., Daucus carotа L., and Malaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, as well as their parts used for the preparation of cosmetic preparations: aloe leaves, marigold flowers, chamomile flowers, rosemary herba, lavender herba, cucumber fruits, carrot seeds, and tea tree leaves. The cosmetic preparation of the mentioned plant species are mostly based on their extracts, macerates or essential oils. Also, the cold-pressed fatty oils from the following plant species are widely used in cosmetics: olive oil obtained from the fruits of Olea europaea L., almond oil from the seeds of Prunus dulcis Mill. D. A. Webb, coconut oil from the fruit or seed of the coconut palm – Cocos nucifera L., sunflower oil from the seeds of Helianthus annuus L., and grape seed oil from the seeds of Vitis vinifera L.

Response of humic acid and gibberellic acid application on flowering and yield of summer African marigold

Response of humic acid and gibberellic acid application on flowering and yield of summer African marigold

Economic analysis of marigold and gladiolus flower crops in Punjab

Economic analysis of marigold and gladiolus flower crops in Punjab

Evaluation of the Larvicidal Activity of Marigold (Tagetes erecta) Flower Extracts in Mixed Cultured Mosquitoes

For decades, scientific studies related to wildlife have been little reviewed for national inventories, with birds and mammals being the only faunal groups that have official lists and specific numbers. Although it is true that species of insects and other invertebrates appear constantly, this is not an excuse for not having official lists of species reported for science. In this review, a total of 507 were found for Costa Rica, 7 of Andrenidae, 299 of Apidae, 30 of Colletidae, 106 of Halictidae and 65 of Megachilidae. Any other species outside of this list that has been found, collected in Costa Rican territory and is not on this list is a new report.

3D marigold flowers of copper–nickel oxide composite materials as a positive electrode for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

3D marigold flowers of copper–nickel oxide via hydrothermal method as positive electrode for high-performance hybrid supercapacitor with specific capacitance of 2387.15 F g−1 and 93% cycling capacitive retention performance up to 10 000 cycles.

Statistical Optimization of Process Variables for the Dyeing of Jute with Marigold Petals Using a Dual Mordant System

Natural dye was extracted from the petals of orange-colored marigold flowers in aqueous medium, and extraction process parameters were optimized based on the color yield (optical density) of an aqueous extract of marigold petals. The extracted natural colorant was used to dye jute fabric and characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Extracts from gallnut and natural alum (fitkiri) were applied as mordants onto the bleached jute fabric by padding method followed by drying in air. The fabrics were treated with the mordants separately before dyeing, and then, both mordants were applied in sequence. Jute was premordanted first with gallnut followed by alum. Jute fibers were mordanted prior to dyeing with either gallnut or alum or both mordants (gallnut followed by alum treatment). Premordanted jute fabric was dyed with the natural dye extracted from marigold petals, and process conditions were standardized. The dual-mordanting process was found more effective to produce better color yield than the single mordanting process. Standardization of the process conditions was also examined statistically by the Box–Behnken design method after choosing the significant variables by the Plackett–Burman design method. The standardized dyeing process conditions were found to be dyeing temperature: 90°C; material to liquor ratio: 1:40; dyeing time: 60 min; dye concentration: 30% o.w.f.; and pH: 11.

Effect of Varied Salinity on Marigold Flowers: Reduced Size and Quantity Despite Enhanced Antioxidant Activity

Salinity is an increasing problem worldwide that limits crop production. The cultivation of salt-tolerant flowers is a potential sustainable strategy for the exploitation of saline soils while avoiding the use of freshwater resources. However, our understanding of how flowers can adapt to salinity is still limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of salinity on a widely-used ornamental plant (Tagetes patula) by submitting three cultivars (cv. Aurora Orange, Fireball, Safari Scarlet) to different salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 300 mM). The plants were grown under controlled conditions and followed over two weeks. We tested the effect of salinity on plant growth and flower production, as well as on the levels of total carotenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase activity, ascorbate peroxidase). The findings indicate a substantial decline in both plant growth and flower production under saline conditions. Overall, plant height was ¼ lower, and there were 1/3 less flowers under salinity. Additionally, there was a consistent rise in antioxidant compounds, highlighting the swift response of defense mechanisms, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, to combat stress. The high levels of antioxidant compounds sustain the use of marigold flowers as a new source of nutritional compounds, with enriched nutritional contents. Yet, cultivation of these plants in saline conditions should carefully consider the pronounced adverse effects observed at high salinity levels (e.g., 100 and 300 mM) on both plant and flower production.

Copper cobalt oxide microstructures resembling marigold flowers were created by solvothermal synthesis for high-performance supercapacitors

The cathode electrode material for the battery-type CuCo2O4 electrode's hybrid supercapacitor applications was investigated. CuCo2O4 (MFCCO) microstructures resembling marigold flowers were created using a straightforward solvothermal procedure. X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the MFCCO. The flower-like shape, which comprised many nano-petals, was clearly visible in the FE-SEM image. Electrochemical experiments using the MFCCO electrode exhibit typical battery-type electrode materials. The CuCo2O4 electrode, which resembled a marigold flower, displayed good long-term cyclic stability and a maximum specific capacity of 627C g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A/g. The MFCCO electrode's high specific capacity, excellent cyclic stability, and low internal and charge transfer resistance supported the developed material's suitability as a positive electrode for hybrid supercapacitor applications.

Marigold flower (Tagetes erecta L.) as natural food colourant in the making of wet noodle

Wet noodles are one type of noodle made without a drying process. Generally, wet noodles are yellow due to a reaction with alkaline salts. However, wet noodles were added with artificial colouring to give more yellow colour and increase consumer acceptance. The petals of the marigold flower (Tagetes erecta L.) contain carotenoid pigments that give yellow colour; thus, they can replace artificial colourants. In this research, marigold powder (MP) with various concentrations (0, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) was subjected to wet noodles formulation. The result showed that WN3 with 0.5% MP was the preferred formulation with 1.36±0.03%, 60.97±0.66%, and 0.41% ±0.01 of carotenoid, moisture, and ash content, respectively. Cooking loss and water absorption of the WN3 were 1.05±0.06% and 91.60±4.97%. The lightness and °Hue of the WN3 are within the values of 61.85 and 88.48, which indicates a yellow-red colour. Panellists slightly like (5.46±0.85) the overall acceptance of the WN3. The degree of acceptance of colour and foreign aroma is within the range of neutral to slightly like, while for foreign taste, chewiness and stickiness are slightly like to like. Additionally, the result for the scoring test showed that WN3 had a slightly yellow colour, slightly foreign aroma, slightly less intense foreign taste, chewy, and slightly sticky. Thus, the study suggested that WN3 consisting of 0.5% MP is selected as the preferred formulation to make wet noodles.

Improving marigold agriculture with an IoT-driven greenhouse irrigation management control system

In recent years, the internet of things (IoT) has been used to support the automated farming functions of greenhouses, preventing insects and pests, and stabilizing unsuitable weather and light conditions. Concerning an innovative IoT in agriculture, there are still a number of obstacles to enhancing greenhouses' effectiveness. This study presents the architecture, algorithms, and implementation of an IoT-based automated irrigation control system with temperature and humidity sensors. The system monitors relative humidity parameters using an internet-connected relay that controls irrigation. The relative humidity level is controlled by a 50% threshold. The effectiveness of marigold cultivation can be evaluated by means of marigold stem height, size, number of marigold flowers, and weight of the marigold harvest. The stimulating growth of marigolds is affected in every way by the differences between the proposed IoT system in a greenhouse and the conventional growing method outdoors. This contribution research validates the experimental findings to ensure that the air environment monitoring and irrigation control system consistently increases marigold yield.

Influence of different organic manures on the growth and yield of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) plants

A pot experiment was conducted during rabi season in the year 2021-22 under net house condition of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka to evaluate the influence of different organic manures on the growth and yield contributing the characteristics of marigold. Seven types of organic manures, viz. Alo, Supermill, Mazim, Vermicompost, ACI, Kazi and Poultry manures were applied singly at the rate of 5 ton ha-1. The tallest plant of marigold (60 cm) found with Supermill, the maximum leaf number (367 plant-1) with Poultry manure, leaf area (6.56 cm2 plant-1), leaf area index (0.017), total fresh weight (15.55 g plant-1) and total dry weight (4.78 g plant-1) of marigold plants were recorded with Mazim organic manure. The highest number of branches (78 plant-1), flowers (11 plant-1), diameter (2.80 cm), fresh weight (1.90 g plant-1) and dry weight (0.54 g plant-1) were recorded in ACI organic manure. The upper limit length (8.0 cm) of root and the length of shoot (51.30 cm) were recorded in Supermill. The highest root-shoot ratio (0.22) was recorded in Kazi organic manure. The standard range of number of flower’s was 6 to 11 plant-1 with the treatments without using synthetic fertilizer or any toxic pest control substance. The maximum number of flower (11 plant-1) obtained with ACI. The findings indicated the clear possibilities of growing safe and environment friendly marigold flower in context of Bangladesh. The study revealed that all the sources of organic materials enhanced the growth and yield component of marigold. The study also generated a new information as guide line for future research target. The organic sources may be arranged according to the production of number of marigold flower: ACI>Poultry litter> Mazim>Supermill >Alo>Kazi. Further investigation is needed for future research interest. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2023, 9(2): 39-48

ZnCl2-assisted conversion of nitrogen-containing biomass carbon from marigold flower: Toward highly porous activated nitrogen-doped carbon for low ESR and enhanced energy density supercapacitors

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of hierarchical porous activated nitrogen-doped carbon from pyrolysis of dried marigold flower precursor as an effect of different impregnation zinc chloride (ZnCl2) (1:1, 1:3 and 1:5) named FZ11, FZ13, and FZ15. BET and FESEM show the enhancement in porosity and surface area with activation with highest specific surface area of 1274.45m2/g for FZ15. XPS confirms the engineering of nitrogen content into functional nitrogen doped sites upon the action of ZnCl2 activation as N-reservoir which results in increase in specific capacitance of fabricated symmetric cell (without any conductive black) increases with activation and shows the highest specific capacitance of 179 F/g, energy density of 23 Wh/kg and power density of 556 W/kg for FZ15 sample. Addition of carbon black helps in lowering ESR to 0.77 Ω and enhancement in energy density and series combination of 3 such cells glow yellow LED for ~3 min.

Evaluate the use of flower waste biosorbents for treatment of contaminated water

Human and industrial activities have contaminated the groundwater and surface water. This is a significant issue today. Therefore, the analysis of water quality is crucial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water quality index (WQI) of groundwater at various locations for physiochemical analysis. For calculating the current water quality status using statistical analysis and in the water quality index, the following parameters were considered: pH, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, chlorides, hardness, dissolved oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. The acquired results are compared to the Indian drinking water standard IS: 10500–2012. The investigation of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of this ground water sample indicates that the evaluation of water quality parameters and resources is necessary. In the water quality index of six different places Gudlavalleru, Ainampudi, Penjendra, Gudlavalleru Gudem, Angaluru and Kondiparru. In the six locations the pH value vary from (6.72–8.3), temperature vary from (34 °C-36.5 °C), acidity vary from (15–40), alkanity vary from (10–25), turbidity vary from (0.8–60.4), DO vary from (3.7–6.2), COD vary from (209–477), Iron vary from (3–5), fluorides is zero, phosphorous vary from (0–0.5), ammonium vary from (0–1), nitrates vary from (0–5), chlorides vary from (375–575), hardness vary from (200–505), nitrites vary from (0–1), total solids vary from (729–1573), suspended solids vary from (468–971) and dissolved solids vary from (301–602). Using dry flowers biosorbents for biosorptions of heavy metals from polluted water or treat contaminated groundwater. Biological reactions occur to control the concentration of contaminated water when fine, dried powder of flower waste biosorbents is added to contaminated water. In this study, we employ four different flower waste biosorbents, including Targets or marigold flower waste, Ixora-coccinea flower waste, Hibiscus flower waste, and Allamanda flower waste. The Targets or marigold flower waste biosorbents have the highest performance for removing toxic metals from contaminated water among the four flower waste biosorbents. Further optimization of the various parameters, i.e. biosorbents dosage, contact time, pH, temperature, and agitation speed, was performed on Targets or marigold flowers waste biosorbents in order to increase pollutant biosorption. Further research is required into the mechanisms of biosorbents, the kinetics and reusability of metal uptake, the recovery and regeneration of biosorbents, process design, and the commercial application of Targets or marigold flower refuse biosorbents.