Flowering Phase Research Articles

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ИЗ СЕМЯН И СЕМЕННАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ РЕДКОГО ЭНДЕМА СРЕДНЕЙ АЗИИ ALLIUM BACKHOUSIANUM REGEL

The article presents the results of an introductory study of Allium backhousianum Regel: development features from seeds, phenology, morphometry, reproductivity and reproduction. This rare endemic plant of Uzbekistan grows in the middle belt of the mountains of Central Asia. The pregenerative period is 7–8 years. According to the phenorythmotype, it is a short-tagging, spring-earlylethally flowering ephemeroid. Flowering is annual, taking place mainly in the 3rd decade of May. The flowering phase is 8–15 days. The seeds ripen in July. The period from the beginning of regrowth to the complete ripening of seeds averages 88–92 days. The vegetation lasts 2.5–3.0 months. Mean rates of A. backhousianum morphometric parameters at young generative age over the study years are the following: stem height – 89.0±7.18 cm (71.7–106.7 cm), stem thickness – 0.8±0.07 cm (0.7–1.0 cm), leaf length – 25.0±1.95 cm (19.6–28.5 cm), leaf width – 7.2±0.34 cm (6.5–8.1 cm), inflorescence diameter – 6.48±0.70 cm (4.5–7.5 cm), inflorescence height – 4.4±.,57 cm (3.5–6.0), flower diameter – 1.9±0.02 cm (1.9–2.0 cm). Average reproductive indicator are the following: the number of flowers – 117.9±16.08 pcs. (90.7–164.4 pcs.), the number of fruits – 70.9±9.65 pcs. (55.3–95.0 pcs.), fruiting – 62% (47–85%), real seed productivity – 220±61.19 pcs. (124.6–381.2 pcs.), number of seeds in the fruit – 3.0±0–62 pcs. (2.2–4.8 pcs.), fetal semenification – 48.6% (37.5–76.2%), potential seed productivity – 707.6±96.4 pcs. (544.0–986.4 pcs.), productivity coefficient – 29.3% (19.6– 37.7%). The real seed productivity of A. backhousianum is satisfactory, potential opportunities are realized by an average of 29%. Propagation is seeded, mass of 1000 seeds is 5.4 g.

The influence of the norm of feeding on the growth and yield of early-ripening potatoes

Potatoes are not so demanding on soil conditions. However, it grows well on soils with good physical properties, granular, light mechanical composition, water and air absorption. Potatoes give a high and high-quality harvest on soils that exchange air well, are porous, granular and quickly heat up. However, having passed the appropriate agro technical measures in time, it can be grown on all soils. The high and high quality of the crop depends not only on the nature of the soil, but also on the nutrients it contains. Potatoes are a very demanding plant on nutrients. In order to obtain high yields and high-quality tubers, it is necessary to provide it with a sufficient amount in time and nutrients in the desired form. Given the reserve of natural nutrients in the soil, fertilizers applied to the ground are well absorbed by the potato plant. Potatoes 10 t per hectare. If it yields, it will take with it 40-60 kg of nitrogen, 75-100 K2O, 15-25 R2O5 and 8-10 kg of МgO from the soil. It absorbs 75% of the nitrogen required during the flowering phase, 66% of potassium, 40% of magnesium and 50% of phosphorus.

К биологии некоторых представителей душицы обыкновенной Origanum vulgare L. в кул ьтуре

This article presents the results of the study of two growing seasons (2022–2023) of Origanum vulgare L. (common origanum), O. vulgare ssp. virens (Hoffmanns & Link) letsw., O. vulgare “Severnoe Siyanie”, O. vulgare f. aureum. The characteristics of the onset of phenological phases, biomorphological indicators, the yield of green mass of a plant during the flowering phase were studied, the success in the conditions of cultivation in the northern forest steppe of the Bashkir Urals (Ufa) was evaluated. Studies on the biological characteristics of the above mentioned taxa of oreganum were carried out in the South Urals Botanical Garden-Institute of UFRC RAS at the collection site “Aromatic Garden”. Oreganums are perennial, rhizomatous, long-lived, summergreen plants with winter dormancy. According to the flowering period, they belong to the group of average summer plants with a flowering period of one month (a group of long-flowering plants). It was found that under the conditions of cultivation in the Bashkir Urals, the studied oreganum plants undergo a full cycle of life development, including flowering and seed formation (except for O. vulgare f. aureum). All studied forms of common oreganum grow well, develop well, form a well-developed above-ground mass. When evaluating the success of the introduction, the oreganum plants proved to be very resistant to the local climate, which makes it possible to recommend them for widespread use in the creation of herb gardens in the Bashkir Urals.

Comparative study of symbiotic activity of legumes when using Risotorphin and Epin-extra.

In a vegetation experiment with soybean plants of the Svapa and Mageva varieties and in a field experiment with bean plants of the Geliada and Shokoladnitsa varieties, we studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of the seeds of these plants with Rizotorfin and Epin-extra on the nitrogenase activity of the nodules of these plants and their ultrastructure. Analysis of the ultrastructure of the nodule tissue of beans and soybeans was carried out in the flowering phase. It was found that the highest indices of the mass and number of nodules and the activity of nitrogenase in them were found in bean plants of the Heliada cultivar when the seeds were treated with Epin-extra against the background of inoculation with Rizotorfin, where the largest area of symbiosomes, volutin and their number was noted in the nodules. Beans of the Shokoladnitsa variety showed the protective effect of Rizotorfin. In the nodules of soybean plants of the Svapa variety, the seeds of which were treated with Epin-extra against the background of inoculation with Rizotorfin, the presence of a large number of symbiosomes, bacteroids, volutin inclusions with a larger area and a minimum number of inclusions of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) was noted, and the highest indicators of symbiotic activity. Soybean plants of the Mageva variety showed the protective effect of Rizotorfin. The efficiency of the symbiotic system was determined by the number and weight of nodules and the activity of the nitrogenase enzyme.

Variação sazonal do teor de nutrientes em folhas de abacateiros dos genótipos Geada, Fortuna e Quintal

Abstract Avocado is an important fruit for fresh consumption and as raw material for several industries. In order to obtain good productivity and fruit quality, adequate plant nutrition is essential. However, information on the relationship between time of year, phenology and nutritional status of plants of different genotypes is difficult to compare, as most data are obtained from plants of different ages, planted in soils with different fertility levels, different management strategies and most cultivated under edaphoclimatic conditions different from those of Brazil. This study evaluated the seasonal nutrient content variation of avocado leaves, genotypic differences, the relationship with phenological stages and the periods of greater nutrient content stability in ‘Fortuna’, ‘Geada’ and ‘Quintal’ avocado genotypes cultivated in the municipality of Jardinópolis-SP, Brazil. All plants aged 30 years, were randomly planted within the same area and submitted to the same cultural treatments and management. Nutrient contents are more stable during the flowering phase (July to September) and in the final phase of fruit formation (February to March). In most of the cycle, ‘Geada’ plants have lower S, P and Zn levels compared to ‘Fortuna’ and ‘Quintal’ genotypes. ‘Fortuna’ genotype has higher Ca, Mg and Mn levels than the others at the time of fruit harvest (April to June). In the budding phase of the three genotypes (October), increase in N, P, K, S, Cu, Zn contents and decrease in Ca, Mg and Mn contents were observed.

Водосберегающие поливы кукурузы на мелиорированных землях Ростовской области

Purpose: to develop a water-saving regime for irrigating corn for grain, which guarantees sustainable productivity with a shortage of water resources on the basis of field research. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in Rostov region according to generally accepted methods. The soil of the plot is ordinary chernozem. According to water-physical and agrochemical indicators, it is suitable for crop cultivation. The experiment scheme included three options: in option 1 (control), a previously developed irrigation regime was used; in options 2 and 3, from the beginning of the growing season to the phase of tasselling, irrigation rates were given out completely (as in option 1), and then decreased by 15 and 30 %, respectively. Results. The pre-irrigation soil moisture limit in the 0–60 cm layer was maintained at the level of 70–75 % of the minimum water capacity. The soil water regime influenced the plant growth and development. The differences in the onset of plant vegetation phases were observed from the phase of tasselling. The grain firm ripe stage occurred in variant 3 earlier, then in variant 2. The largest linear growth in the flowering phase (269 cm) was recorded in variant 1, which was 3.7 and 5.2 % higher than the indicators of the variants 1 and 2, respectively. The biological yield of corn in option 1 was 12.9 t/ha, which is 10.1 and 16.3 % higher than the water-saving options. According to the calculations of economic efficiency, with a decrease in irrigation rates by 15 %, the cultivation of corn for grain is profitable. Conclusions. As a result of the research, a water-saving irrigation regime for corn for grain was developed and recommended for agricultural production, which provides for nine vegetation irrigations: the first and second – 300 cubic meters/ha each, the third – 400 cubic meters/ha, from the fourth to the ninth ones, irrigation is carried out at a rate reduced by 15 % – 425 cubic meters/ha. Irrigation rate is 3550 cubic meters/ha.

Polna struktura pajasena (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) u zaštićenom prirodnom dobru "Bajfordova šuma" na području Beograda - osnova za biološku kontrolu širenja i plansku redukciju

Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) is an invasive tree species in Serbia that threatens the floristic biodiversity in natural stands and urban areas. It is a heliophyte with rapid growth in the initial phase of development and a well-expressed adaptability to different environmental conditions in open habitats. With early maturity and abundant fruiting almost every year, and the ability of seeds to be transported far from the maternal tree, the tree-of-heaven can rapidly colonize the stands (with disturbed stand structure) of other tree species. It is also a dioecious woody plant. If gender dimorphism of tree-of-heaven is used as a criterion for tree selection in thinning, it can be applied to affect the generative expansion of the species. Within the stand canopy closure, it can be used to influence the growth and survival of generative and vegetative offspring. Differentiation of fruit bearing-female and non-fruit-bearing-male trees is carried out during the flowering phase on the basis of its inflorescences. Selection of fruitbearing-female flowers is carried out during the whole year by checking for the presence of fruit and inflorescence petioles that are retained in the crown after the fruit shedding. Gender dimorphism of the species served as the basis for the gender structure determination in the protected natural area ,,Bajfordova šuma" in Belgrade. Out of 40.08 ha of the protected natural area, tree-of-heaven was recorded individually or in groups, in an area of 27.09 ha, with 131 sexually differentiated trees with diameters within the range of 5-74 cm and heights within the range of 5-21 m. Within the aforementioned number of trees, the share of female and male trees is almost equal, but varies spatially. The recorded female and male trees are the basis for monitoring, planned reduction and tree-of-heaven growing in a non-invasive form in the protected natural area ,,Bajfordova šuma"

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PREDECESSOR AND SOWING DATES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED INFECTION OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PREDECESSOR AND SOWING DATES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED INFECTION OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

PRODUCTIVITY OF ALFALFA IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of the modes of use of the grass stand on the forage productivity of different ecotypes of alfalfa. Under the conditions of climate change, alfalfa sowing formed stable productivity indicators on the organic background of fertilizer in combination with soil liming. In the experiment, the fodder productivity of different alfalfa ecotypes was studied by Rosana (originator: Institute of Fodder and Agriculture Podillia, National Academy of Sciences) and Unitro (originator: Institute of Irrigated Agriculture, National Academy of Sciences). An increase in the yield of leaf-stem mass in the first slope of sowing alfalfa according to the main phases of growth and development was noted, which, regardless of the varietal characteristics of the crop, was in the range of 22.4-23.5 t/ha in the budding phase, 27.6-28.4 t/ha - at the beginning of flowering and 28.3-29.2 t/ha - in flowering. According to the modes of using alfalfa crops, the height of the plants in the first slope gradually increased and already at the beginning of flowering in both varieties it was 88.3-91.1 cm against the background of liming and 92.7-93.0 cm of organic matter. The linear indicators increased accordingly to 92.1-92.6 and 95.2-95.7 cm when the plants reach the full flowering phase. The best height parameters were obtained for a combination of two factors, where plant growth in both varieties was within 4.0-4.9 cm, or increased by 6.7-8.9%. It can be concluded that adjusting the terms of mowing grass contributed to its better development. It was established that the first slope of the leaf-stem mass of alfalfa was formed due to the productive moisture of the autumn-winter period and a sufficient temperature regime for passing the stages of organogenesis. The plants produced a high yield of leaf-stem mass when the grass was mowed in the phase of beginning and full flowering (3-4 regimes) regardless of the level of fertilization. At the same time, it was the largest on the organic background of fertilizer, which was 27.6-28.3 t/ha in the Unitro variety and 28.4-29.2 t/ha in Rosana. The dependence of the harvest parameters on the terms of mowing the previous slope according to the modes of use of the grass stand is established. With the alienation of alfalfa grass in the budding phase, in the second slope, the indicators were the lowest and amounted to 8.6 t/ha. An increase in productivity was observed under the second regime, up to 13.0 t/ha for mowing the grass at the beginning of flowering. The change in the mowing scheme of the grass stand within the regime affected the yield indicators of the leaf mass, which were determined by the height of the plants against the background of fertilization and the development phase of the alienation of the grass stand in the first slope. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, it can be concluded that regardless of the change in the alternation of slopes according to the main phases of growth and development of the culture, its endurance and stability to produce regardless of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season have been noted.

USE OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS AND HUMICS FERTILIZER FOR EGGPLANT GROWING IN FILM GREENHOUSES

A promising direction of modern vegetable growing under organic cultivation approaches is the use of microbial preparations and humic fertilizers to optimize plant nutrition, stimulate growth processes and increase yields of high standardized quality. The purpose of the study is to establish the effect of using microbial preparations and humic fertilizers for growing eggplant in film greenhouses without additional heating. Methods. Field, computational and statistical. The results. The influence of microbial preparations of various directions and humic fertilizers on the biometric parameters of plants, productivity and yield of eggplant during its cultivation in the conditions of film greenhouses was investigated. A significant increase in leaf area was noted both in the phase of mass flowering and in the phase of mass fruiting with the use of all microbial preparations Phosphoenterin, Ecobacil, Bactopaslion and ABT. The greatest increase in the net productivity of photosynthesis of eggplant plants is provided by the use of the preparations Ecobacil and Bactopaslion (7,14-7,79 g/m2 per day). Conclusions. For the cultivation of eggplant in film greenhouses without heating, the use of microbial preparations Phosphoenterin, Ecobacillus, Bactopaslion and ABT is effective, which ensures an increase in leaf area by 17,5-48,6 %, photosynthetic productivity by 31,4-56,2 % and productivity by 0,98-3,26 kg/m2 or 16,1-47,7 % depending on the background of mineral nutrition. The use of humic fertilizers ("Nanoverm", "Gumifriend", "Gumifield") under foliar fertilization in 4 seasons led to a significant increase in plant height by 32,4-49,0 %, average fruit weight by 4,3-9,5 % and productivity by 0,87-1,73 kg/m2 or by 11,8-23,4 % relative to the control. A high level of productivity is indicated for the use of "Gumifriend" and "Gumifield" fertilizers.

The study of the dynamics of the content of nutrients in the soil when growing crops

The study was conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest–steppe (station Minino) on leached chernozem. The scheme of the experiment with mineral fertilizers provided for the introduction of ammonium nitrate, ammophos and azophos in a dose of 80 kg / d.v.ha and the introduction of plant protection products. Soil samples for agrochemical analysis were selected in the phase of stalking, flowering and full ripeness. The content of nitrate nitrogen was carried out in accordance with GOST 26951-86, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium were determined by the Chirikov method (GOST 26204-91). The conducted studies have shown that the introduction of ammonium nitrate allowed to significantly increase the amount of nitrate nitrogen (up to 25.2 mg / kg) in the arable soil layer, in the control version, the level of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed 3.3 mg / kg during the growing season. In the soil of the experimental site, the content of mobile phosphorus varied from 16.4 to 29.7 mg/100 g. The introduction of ammophos did not significantly increase the phosphorus content in the arable horizon. The content of mobile potassium in the soil was high and varied from 10.0 to 17.5 mg/100 g of soil.

The effectiveness of cultivating soybean varieties of different maturity groups in the conditions of the central Ciscaucasia

The studies were conducted in 2017-2019 at the experimental station of the Stavropol State Agrarian University in conditions without irrigation and on the basis of the experimental plots of Agrosakhar LLC with the use of irrigation. The territories of the research sites belong to the zone of unstable humidification, characterized by unstable and uneven precipitation during the growing season of soybeans, elevated air temperatures in summer, when soybean plants enter the phases of flowering and grain filling. At the experimental plots of the SSAU experimental station, the soil is represented by leached chernozem, at the experimental sites of Agrosahar LLC by ordinary chernozem. The purpose of the research is to determine the biological characteristics and efficiency of growing new, promising soybean varieties of the southern ecotype. It was found that the most quickly-ripening variety with a growing season of 96 days is the Bara variety, the longest growing season was noted in the mid-ripening Vilana variety – 129 days. The maximum photosynthetic potential of soybean crops was formed under irrigation conditions: quickly-ripening Selecta 101 variety – 1376, early-ripening Duar variety – 1678 and mid-ripening Zara variety – 2167 thous. m2.day/ha. In terms of yield, when growing soybeans without irrigation in the quickly-ripening group, the Lira variety stood out – 1.59 t/ha, in the early-ripening Selecta 201 variety – 1.75 t/ha and the midripening Zara variety – 1.94 t/ha, when irrigation was used in the quickly-ripening group, the Selecta 101 variety stood out – 2.34 t/ha, in the early-ripening Duar variety – 2.89 t/ha and the mid-ripening Zara variety – 3.14 t/ha. In the conditions of the SSAU experimental station without irrigation and in Agrosakhar LLC the largest profit in the amount of 16028 to 40912 rub./ha was obtained by cultivating the mid-ripening Zara variety with a yield of 1.94 - 3.14 t/ha, and the level of profitability ranged from 49.4 to 108.8%.

Показатели формирования агрофитоценозов зернобобовых культур при применении стимулирующих биопрепаратов в условиях орошения

Purpose: to study the efficiency of using stimulating biologics on the productivity of leguminous crops in irrigated agrocenoses of the Volga region. Materials and methods. The field experience was laid in 2021–2023 on grain feed crop rotation. On the basis of the experimental production farm of the Volga Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation, studies were conducted on the use of stimulating biological preparations in the leguminous crop cultivation: an inoculation preparation containing Mesorin 7 + Rhizotorphin, which contains a fungicide + nitrogen-producing bacteria of high concentration; micro-fertilizers according to the phases of vegetation of leguminous crops, containing trace elements and amino acids. The control option was without the use of stimulating biologics and micronutrients. The following leguminous crops were used in the experiment: Marina soy varieties, Alpha peas and Russian black beans. Results. In the course of research, it was found that when seeds are treated before sowing with the biological preparation Mesorin 7 + Rhizotorphin, the growth of green mass from the flowering phase to the full ripeness phase of seeds is slow: peas – 1005.3–1153.5 g/m², soybeans – 2092.3–2997.3 g/m², beans – 3121.3–3324.3 g/m². When processing crops with micro fertilizers during the growing season to the phase of the beginning of bean formation, the increase in aboveground mass is: peas – 1668.5 g/m², soybeans – 2772.3 g/m², the highest value was found in beans 3140.5 g/m². The positive effect of stimulating biologics on the productivity and quality of leguminous crops when cultivated on irrigated lands was revealed. The maximum biological yield was achieved with the use of a set of micro fertilizers during the period of growth and development of soybean plants – 3.83 t/ha, peas – 1.52 t/ha, and the most promising is the production of beans with a yield of 13.08 t/ha. Conclusions. The results of studying the features of the formation and productivity of the agrophytocenosis of leguminous crops confirmed the high efficiency of the use of stimulating biological preparations and micro fertilizers to increase the yield on irrigation.

Влияние минеральных удобрений на формирование зерна кукурузы на каштановых почвах Волгоградской области

The article presents materials on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the formation of corn grain when cultivated on chestnut soils in the Volgograd region. When corn is grown for grain, on the southern chernozems of the Volgograd region under irrigation, the limiting factor is the content of nutrients in the soil. This is evidenced by the high responsiveness of corn to the applied mineral fertilizers. Corn differs from most annual cereals in its thick stalk, tall growth and powerful large leaves. In the dynamics of nutrients, under corn crops, the following pattern was observed: the content of nitrates in the soil increased until the corn flowering phase, then it decreased due to their consumption during flowering and filling; the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen increased in the soil before the isolation of the corn grain. The results of our research showed that corn is a very demanding crop for nitrogen. The daily need for nitrogen in the heading-flowering phase is about 1.6 kg. Half of the amount of nitrogen required was absorbed during the fundamental phase of corn growth and development. There were no distinctive features in the presence of available phosphorus in hybrid crops in the initial stages. The content of potassium in the soil in the post-harvest period in the variants without fertilization decreased by 2 times compared to its content before sowing, while in the variants with the use of specified doses of mineral fertilizers, this decrease was 24% on average for the variants. The purpose of the research was to substantiate the influence of agricultural practices, under conditions of regular irrigation against the background of the calculated background of mineral fertilizers, on the cultivation of domestic corn hybrids.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИОННОГО ПИТОМНИКА ЛЬНА МАСЛИЧНОГО В УСЛОВИЯХ ТОО «СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ ОПЫТНАЯ СТАНЦИЯ «ЗАРЕЧНОЕ»

The article presents data on the most important indicators in the cultivation of oilseed flax, obtained during research at the Agricultural Experimental Station Zarechnoye LLP for 2022. The most intensive plant growth was observed after the flax plants passed the herringbone phase up to the flowering phase, the linear development of plants stopped. Intensive root growth in depth occurred in the early phases of development. During our research, flax plants have placed increased demands on heat, especially during the ripening period. At low air temperatures, the germination of seeds and the emergence of seedlings were significantly slowed down. According to the results of the research, promising varieties were identified that exceed the indicators of the standard variety. 36 varieties were sown in the nursery of oilseed flax in 2022. All of them are part of the world collection, they belong to Russian, Canadian, Ukrainian, etc. breeding. The domestic selection is represented by 6 varieties: Kustanayskaya-5, Kazar, Kostanay 11, Ilyich, Slavyachil, Altyn. The zoned Kazar variety was taken as the standard, which was located every 5 varieties. In regions where oilseed flax is cultivated, fusarium wilt is the main predominant type of disease. Resistance to fusarium wilt was determined by counting plants after germination and before harvesting in the infected area. Such varieties as Isilkulsky, Kinelsky 2000, Ilyich, Slavyachil, Kazar, Osean, Triumph, Istok, Antares, Kustanaysky 5 turned out to be moderately stable.

Изучение антиоксидантной активности травы люцерны серповидной (Medicago falcata L.)

Objective: study of the antiradical and antioxidant activity of water, water-alcohol and alcohol extracts obtained from alfalfa sickle grass. Materials and methods. As an object of research of the antiradical and antioxidant activities of water, water-alcohol and alcohol extracts of alfalfa sickle, the grass of alfalfa sickle in the flowering stage, which was harvested in the Russian Federation in the Kursk region, was considered. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using a titrimetric method based on the result of the interaction of substances of a reducing nature that are present in extracts from alfalfa sickle grass and potassium permanganate used as a titrant. Antiradical activity was studied by spectrophotometric method based on the ability of extracts to inactivate DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The content of phenolic compounds (direct spectrophotometry) in terms of chlorogenic acid and flavonoids (differential spectrophotometry) in terms of rutin was determined. Statistical analysis was used to process the data obtained as a result of experiments. Results. Processing of the results of data obtained during experiments to determine the level of antioxidant and antiradical activity for various concentrations of aqueous, water-alcohol and alcohol extractants from alfalfa sickle grass confirmed the presence of such effects for all types of extracts studied. Under experimental conditions with the use of 30% ethanol as an extractant, the maximum atioxidant activity was observed at the level of 58.55%. The use of 96% ethanol as an extractant showed similarly the maximum antioxidant activity, at the level of 56.63%, which is slightly less, but significantly exceeds other indicators. The content of flavonoids was fixed at the maximum level (0.51%) when using 30% ethanol. Under the same conditions, phenolic compounds were recorded with an index of 0.88%. The results obtained visualize a direct correlation between the level of antioxidant activity of the studied object of the herb Medicago falcata L. and the level of phenolic compounds in it. As for the use of 96% ethanol as an extractant, then in this extraction the content of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids was less (0.14% and 0.04% respectively). Conclusion. The resulting data from a series of experiments on alfalfa sickle grass collected during the flowering phase confirm the prospects of medicinal plant raw materials Medicago falcata L. as a raw material having antioxidant activity, which makes it possible to consider it as a basis for continuing pharmacological research.

Application of sodium selenite in the growing technology of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

Lupinus is a very diverse genus with many species. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different methods of application of sodium selenite on the nutritional value of white lupine variety Degas. The highest effect on the content of crude protein was obtained by spraying vegetating plants before the beginning of the flowering phase. In this variant, a class 1 grain was obtained while meeting other requirements of the feed lupin quality standard. This study reveals that the use of selenium contributed to increasing the collection of crude protein at the harvest of white lupin. It is assumed that selenium stimulated the processes of nitrogen entering plants and its redistribution from vegetative to generative organs, as well as activated the synthesis of proteins and their accumulation in the grain of white lupin. It was found that the content of alkaloids in the resulting crop of white lupin did not exceed acceptable levels, which allows it to be used for feed purposes and the preparation of various types of feed. The use of selenium contributed to the increase in the collection of crude protein content at the harvest of above-ground plant mass as it stimulates nitrogen processes in plants and its redistribution from vegetative organs to generative organs, as well as the synthesis of protein compounds in the lupin grain.

Morpho-biological features of growth and development of golden currant in Tashkent province, Uzbekistan

This scientific article presents the results of a study on the growth and development of varieties of golden currant in order to identify the most promising for cultivation in the conditions of the Tashkent region. Studies have established that, according to the development of shoots in the above-ground part, the varieties Uzbekistanskaya large-fruited and Elixir differ in vigorous growth, in which the height of the bushes by the end of the second year of vegetation reached 109.7-112.5, and in other varieties this figure was in the range of 88.2-97.5 cm. Of the tested varieties of golden currant, the earliest onset of the flowering phase was observed in the Venera variety March 23, in the rest a little later. The variety of golden currant Rukhshona had the latest start of flowering, in which this phase occurred on March 26, that is, four days later. In the Uzbekistan large-fruited variety, the completion of the flowering phase occurred five days later than in the Uzbek sweet variety. Of the varieties of golden currant, the phase of complete set of berries was observed most intensively within 30 days in the variety Venera. In the Elixir variety, the full set of berries ended two days later, and in the rest within 34-36 days.

CORRELATION DEPENDENCE OF CAROTINE CONTENT IN VARIETIES ANDVARIETY SAMPLES OF ALFALFA OF KAZAKHSTANI AND FOREIGN SELECTION

The results of assessing the quality of hay of alfalfa varieties and variety samples of Kazakhstani and foreign selection on carotene content and dependence of carotene content on dry matter and biochemical parameters such as protein, digestible protein, sugar, starch, fiber, fat, ash content, calcium, phosphorus, and also exchange energy are presented in the article. The research is related to the subject of the international project "GS19001 - Use of wild related agricultural crops for developing drought-resistant alfalfa and its distribution among subsistence farmers in Kazakhstan, China and Chile". The research was carried out in 2021 on the experimental fields of "Kokshetau Experimental Production Farm" LLP (Shagalaly rural area), located in the northern part of the hilly and plain zone of the Akmola region in Zerenda district of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Varieties and variety samples of alfalfa were planted on pure fallow. 35 varieties and variety samples of alfalfa obtained by Kazakhakstani and foreign scientists were studied in the ecological nursery. The seeds were sown in the second decade of May. The method of sowing for fodder (herbage, hay) is the row one with the row spacing of 15 cm. The plants were harvested for herbage at the beginning of the flowering phase. The content of carotene in varieties and variety samples of alfalfa ranged from 18.03 to 20.21 mg/kg. The correlations between carotene and the studied parameters are weak positive and negative, medium positive.

THE FORMATION OF A CROP OF MEADOW GRASSES FOR CLIPPINGS DEPENDING ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL MEASURES OF CULTIVATION

High-performance animal husbandry is impossible without the creation of a fodder base, in the formation of which an important place is assigned to the effective use of natural fodder phytocenoses. The theoretical aspects of the formation of their high productivity and nutrition, including at different clippings, are not fully elucidated today. Field research was carried out during 2014-2016 in the conditions of SS NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of technological methods of growing meadow grasses on the formation of the yield of meadow grasses and their distribution along the clippings in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ucraine. It was established that alfalfa and alfalfa-cereal grass stands are characterized by the best distribution of the harvest along clippings, regardless of fertilization, in which the share of the total yield in the first clippings was 40-42 %, in the second - 32-33 %, and in the third - 25-27 % due to unevenness in the range of 21-26 %, while on cereal grass - respectively, 50-51 %, 31-34, 15-19 % and irregularly - 48-55 %. During the formation of the first clippings, the increase in the productivity of the sown grass stands occurs before the onset of the flowering phase of the dominant components. The maximum daily increases in dry matter (96-149 kg/ha) and the net productivity of photosynthesis (2.58-3.52 g/m2 day) are observed in the phase of branching and budding of alfalfa and alfalfa-cereal grass stands with the application of P60K90 and in the period from the end the phase of emergence into the tube before the beginning of earing of the dominant cereals on the cereal grass stand with the introduction of N60P60K90. The leaf surface index reached maximum values (37.2-45.1 thousand m2/ha) with the onset of the earing phase in dominant cereals and budding in legumes with a share of leaves in the structure of the grass stand at the level of 29-49 %. In leguminous-cereal grass stands, the leaf surface and foliage during the vegetation phases after reaching the maximum values decrease more slowly than in cereals.