Flower Waste Research Articles

Evolution of chemical and biological characterization during agitated pile composting of flower waste

PurposeFlower waste dumping in landfills and other disposal sites is causing major environmental issues due to its highly biodegradable nature. Instead, flower waste can be successfully composted for its higher nutrient value. Therefore, this study evaluated the pile composting of flower waste with different combinations of cow dung and saw dust to produce stabilized compost.MethodsFive agitated piles of flower waste mixture were formed in trapezoidal shape to perform the composting. Pile (P0) was a control experiment, which contained 100 kg flower waste. The quantity of flower waste mixture with cow dung and saw dust in the other Piles was a total of 100 kg i.e. P1 (50:40:10) kg, P2 (60:30:10) kg, P3 (70:20:10) kg and P4 (80:10:10) kg, respectively.ResultsTemperature above 50 °C was observed in all the piles except in P0. Physico-chemical characteristics of compost showed a stabilized compost obtained by proportionate mix of flower waste, cow dung and saw dust. Pile P2 was observed with pH 7.23 and electrical conductivity 3.98 mS cm−1, total organic carbon 30.9%, total nitrogen 2.31% and C:N ratio 14, thus a good proportion for compost amongst all the piles.ConclusionsAppropriate proportion of waste mixture played an important role in providing favorable conditions for the microbial transformation of flower waste to stabilized compost. Temperature influenced the growth of microbes and maximum temperature was helpful in fast degradation of organic matter. Finally, flower waste with a combination of cow dung and saw dust was found to be successful during pile composting.

Vermicomposting of Flower Waste: Optimization of Maturity Parameter by Response Surface Methodology

Vermicomposting of Flower Waste: Optimization of Maturity Parameter by Response Surface Methodology

Preparation of Charcoal Using Flower Waste

Ethiopia is the second largest flower exporter in Africa. However, finding effective solutions for flowers waste management that are economical, efficient and environmentally friendly is a very difficult task. In this paper, a novel technology to recover energy from flower waste with the objective of producing biochar from flower waste by using pyrolysis has been presented. The pyrolysis reactor has been designed, manufactured and tested. Characterization of the flower waste has also been done by estimating the ultimate and proximate analysis. Besides the energy content has been measured by using Bomb calorimeter. Detailed proximate analysis has been performed and the energy content of the biochar has also been measured. The result shows that 10 kg of biochar is produced by using 18 kg of flower waste with a conversion efficiency of 55.5% and approximately 310.8 kg of biochar can be generated daily. Based on the result, the measured value of lower heating value of the produced biochar is 26.54 MJ/kg and approximately 392.2 kg of firewood is replaced daily. Thus, by adopting this innovative technology and producing biochar, the amount of flower waste is reduced from going to the landfill, energy is recovered from flower waste, income is generated from the selling of the produced biochar and the energy problems of the society is solved and finally environmental impact of the flower waste is reduced.

Optimization of operational parameters for production of Bio-ethanol using mahua flower and food processing waste water

Optimization of operational parameters for production of Bio-ethanol using mahua flower and food processing waste water

Agroindustrial compost as a peat alternative in the horticultural industry of Ecuador

This work was conducted in order to investigate the possibility of using different agroindustrial composts in the production of horticultural seedlings, thereby replacing part of the peat in the growing media. Three vegetable species differing in salt sensitivity - tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Malpica) (the least sensitive), courgette (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Mastil F1) (moderately sensitive) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. Largo de Reus Pairal) (the most sensitive) - were grown in nine media containing three composts, prepared by co-composting vegetable waste (flower, broccoli or tomato waste) with laying hen manure and sawdust, as well as peat in various ratios. The proportions of the three composts in the mixtures elaborated with peat were 25%, 50% and 75% (v/v). A substrate of 100% peat was used as control. The experiment was arranged in a completely-randomised design, with two replicates per treatment, under greenhouse conditions. Prior to sowing, some physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties of the growing media were determined and the seed germination and fresh and dry weights of the aerial parts and roots of the seedlings were also measured, as well as the mineral composition of the aerial parts of the plants.In most cases, the addition of compost to the growing media produced an increase in the pH, salt content and macronutrient concentrations, in comparison to peat, whereas the physical properties of the compost based-substrates had values very similar to those of an ideal substrate. Also, multivariate analysis showed that the media prepared with flower waste compost, at all concentrations, and the medium with tomato waste compost at 25% were the most suitable substrates for the three plant species tested.

FABRICATION OF CONTINUOUS ADSORBER FOR DIRECT TREATMENT OF ELECTROPLATING WASTE WATER USING DRIED FLOWER WASTE

Water is an indispensable part of our lives. The waste water released from industries has the potential to be hazardous to human health. The safe and effective disposal of industrial waste water is thus a challenging task for industrialists and environmentalists. The industrial waste water released as effluent contains heavy metal ions such as cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium etc., which are toxic in nature. In this project, removal of Nickel – an important toxic metal coming from electroplating waste water, using flower waste (whose management is also important) as bio-sorbent was studied and carried out batch wise, continuously , finally fabricating a continuous adsorber that can handle electroplating waste directly. In order to remove color and other impurities Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) is also incorporated in the adsorber. In batch study, the effectiveness of adsorbents (i) Dried flower waste (ii) Granular activated carbon prepared from flower waste sequentially used in treating metal ion solution was determined. The efficiency of nickel removal was studied in both batch and continuous adsorber and compared.

Bioconversion of Vegetable and Flower Wastes into Compost by Eudrilus euginae Treated with Food Colouring Agent Tartrazine

Waste materials in recent years have been increasing day by day and it is a major threat to the environmental issue. To solve the problem in one way, the waste materials are utilized in a fruitful way by using Eudrilus eugeniae. The vegetable and flower waste were subjected to vermicompost separately and along with tartrazine treatment. In these treatments, the vermicompost materials were analysed the micro and macro nutrients to understand the impact of tartrazine on the bioconversion of waste into compost. The Nitrogen level was increased in the flower waste compost by 28.5% whereas it was decreased in the vegetable waste by 28.6%. Similarly, the decreasing trend of Phosphorus was observed in both the compost. Besides Nitrogen and Phosphorus, the Potassium showed significant increase in all the treatments. However, insignificant changes of Zinc, Manganese and Copper were observed in the compost of flower and vegetable waste. In the case of Ferrous, significant increase was observed. The physical properties such as the Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH of the vermicompost showed almost equal to the control. On the Basis of observation, the nutrients of the compost of waste have been stabilized by the earthworm, E. eugeniae.

Bioconversion of Vegetable and Flower Wastes into Compost by Eudrilus euginae Treated with Food Colouring Agent Tartrazine

Bioconversion of Vegetable and Flower Wastes into Compost by Eudrilus euginae Treated with Food Colouring Agent Tartrazine

Utilization of flower waste for the removal of chromium from tannery effluent

In this work we used flower waste biomass as a biosorbent to remove Cr from tannery effluent through column experiments. The sorption capacities of biosorbent (Fine, coarse and rough grades) were also evaluated by employing chemical pretreatments viz., sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, glutaraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The order of percentage removal of Cr using the above pretreatments was: 10% hydrogen peroxide < Raw powdered-FWB < 2% Gluteraldehyde < 10% Acetic acid < 0.1N sodium hydroxide. Among the different grades of biosorbents used, fine grade adsorbed more Cr (70 %) than that of coarse (64%) and rough (62 %) sorbents. The removal percentage of Cr from tannery was analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, the functional groups which are responsible for adsorption was examined by Fourier Transform- Infrared Spectroscopy and the amorphous behaviour of FWB facilitating metal biosorption was indicated by the X-ray diffractogram. This study showed that pretreated flower waste biomass is a potential sorbent of Cr, which could be successfully used to reduce the Cr content in tannery effluent.

Response of garden bean to organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality attributes

The response of garden bean variety Konkan Bushan to organic manures along with biofertilisers as a substitute to chemical fertilizers was studied at olericulture unit, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamali University. Among the treatments tested inoculation of Rhizobium and Vesicular arbuscular mycorrihae (VAM) along with vermicompost and vermiwash yielded better than uninoculated and controlled treatments. As a result of increased nutrient uptake, nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation of Rhizobium , colonization of VAM and supplementation of nutrients through vermiwash and vermicompost derived from vegetable waste was found to be superior. Earliness in flowering was observed in the treatment Pressmud based vermicompost, VAM, Rhizobium along with vermiwash. The treatment supplied with Rhizobium and VAM along with flower waste vermicompost and spraying of vermiwash reigstered highest protein content. The treatment which received with pressmud based vermicompost, biofertilizer and vermiwash recorded highest fibre content. These result indicate that the garden bean being responds very well for inoculation of Rhizobium , VAM and vermicompost and its wash for providing all necessary nutrients in available form.

Management of floral waste generated from temples of Jaipur city through vermicomposting

This paper aims at management of floral waste generated from temples of Jaipur city through vermicomposting. In this study, flower waste consisted of variety of flowers out of which marigold was chosen as it was found in maximum amount. The vermibeds were prepared by mixing the marigold with cow dung in different proportions viz., 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10 and they were filled in the earthen pots, individually. Simultaneously, a control (without worms) for each of these concentrations was prepared and maintained. Eisenia foetida was introduced into each of these trays except the control. The bioconversion ratio i.e., waste into vermicompost was found to be high in 60:40 proportion than the others. Vermicompost obtained was analysed for various parameters like organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The amount of organic carbon, potassium and phosphorus was more in vermicompost samples for all the groups as compared to compost samples. It was concluded that floral waste with cow dung at 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30 ratios could be converted into a nutrient rich vermicompost. International Journal of Environment Vol. 5 (1) 2016, pp: 1-13

Effectiveness of the Usage of Various Solvent in Essential Oil Production from Tuberose Flower Waste (Polianthes Tuberose L.) by Enfleurage Method

<p>Tuberose flower wastes are potentially used as raw materials for producing essential oils. Enfleurage method was used in the extraction process of the flower wastes. Petroleum ether and hexane were used as solvents during the extraction, while snow white (white butter) was used as fat during the enfleurage process. The enfleurage process was done for 4 days with replacement of flowers every 24 hours. It was found that petroleum ether gave higher yield than hexane (i.e. 7.07%). However, compared with hexane, petroleum ether was still existed on the produced essential oil.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: enfleurage, hexane, petroleum ether, tuberose flower, waste </p>

Production of Bio Gas from Vegetable and Flowers Wastes Using Anaerobic Digestion

The present research paper describes about the anaerobic digestion of vegetable (Banana, Cauliflower, potato, and sweet potato) and flower wastes (Rose, sambangi, gulmohar, marigold, golden shower tree, silk tree mimosa) in a 1L capacity of anaerobic digestor using pig manure as an inoculums. The digester was operated in the ratio of 1:1 of substrate to inoculums at RT. The substrate concentrations are varied such as 5%, 7%, and 10% was used and amount of gas produced was analysed using digital pressure gauge. The results obtained showed that, marigold flower had given higher yield of biogas than vegetable wastes and the digestion period was less. The average biogas production potential of withered flowers was observed as 14.36 g/kg in 5 days, where in case of vegetable wastes it was 10.0234 g/kg in 6 days. The study showed that flowers which are available in abundant in India is thrown away within a day, in the environment. These feedstocks are good feed stock for the production of biogas. The generation of biogas from flowers and vegetable waste upholds the concept of waste to wealth in enhancing sustainability of development. The future research work is mainly focused on the characterization of the main component present in the bio-gas using sophisticated instruments.

Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from Various Solvent Extracts of Saffron Floral Waste

Isolation of secondary metabolites from saffron flower waste (stamens), and their identification using chromatographic techniques was carried out. Extraction was carried out with solvents (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, diethylether and hexane) with different polarity. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) technique was used for identification and structure elucidation of secondary metabolites obtained from saffron flower stamens. Chromatogram of ethanol showed higher peak area as compared to other solvents. Ethanol extract showed maximum number of peaks while chromatogram of hexane extract showed minimum number of peaks indicating that polarity of the solvent plays an important role in the extraction process. GC–MS analysis confirmed presence of many important compounds in saffron stamens such as α-tocopherol or vitamin E, dibutyl para-cresol, hydroquinone, and certain esters.

Evaluación de prototipos para la descomposición de la materia orgánica bajo las condiciones de Bogotá D.C.

Finding solutions to the waste problem has become a serious concern at the global, regional and local levels. Particularly, the researches of the botanical garden, José Celestino Mutis, located in Bogotá, have not been blind to this issue; some waste materials, routinely produced by the human being, have been turned into biofertilizers and soil conditioners. Three areas (CAD, FUMDIR y JBB) are intervened in this research. The developed methods of composting are cicadas, batteries and vermicompost. Particularly, there are two types of vermicomposting: bins and small baskets. In this preliminary study, the evaluated response variables were: temperature, humidity and pH. It was found that kitchen and garden waste reached the fastest level of decomposition, followed by the tree waste and the latest one was the flower waste since the pistils had not decomposed by the termination date of the experiment. In addition to this, it was figured out that the particles size and the fiber content determine the speed of the decomposition process in several cases, directly influencing on the response variables.

Evaluation of an organic soil amendment generated from municipal solid waste seeded with activated sewage sludge

This study investigated the feasibility of using fresh activated sewage sludge as inoculum for the microbial valorization of segregated municipal solid waste and evaluated the quality of organic soil amendment generated. Organic fraction of municipal solid waste, which consisted of vegetative (vegetable, fruit and flower) wastes was seeded with activated sewage sludge and processed by rapid aerobic microbial treatment. Efficacy of microbial valorization process and quality of final product were assessed by physico-chemical analysis. Suitability of final product was assessed with regard to heavy metal content, pesticide residues, microbiological quality and phytotoxicity. Quality of the soil amendment generated was compared with the control product generated with a commercial microbial inoculum. Phytotoxicity experiments indicated the stimulatory effect of sewage sludge seeded soil amendment on plant growth but inhibition was observed in closed growth test due to the evolution of gaseous phytotoxic agents. The study suggests that segregated municipal solid waste can be effectively valorized with activated non-dewatered sewage sludge as inoculum and the quality of soil amendment generated was comparable to compost intended for unrestricted applications.

Flower wastes as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of acid blue 9

This paper describes the use of flower wastes (carnation, rose and daisy) as a potential, alternative and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Acid Blue 9 (AB9). The best conditions to achieve an efficient adsorption were evaluated in a batch process. With an acidic pH of 2.0, a removal exceeding 90% was obtained using concentrations of AB9 of 15.0 mgL-1 and a dosage of adsorbent of 4.0 gL-1. The equilibrium of the process was modeled using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, obtaining a better fit with the latter one. Kinetic studies indicated a better fit of the process to a pseudo-second order model and negligible effect of temperature. In addition, the bromatological characterization of the adsorbent is shown.

Evaluation of Vermicompost Maturity Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Paper Chromatography Analysis

Vermicompost was produced from flower waste inoculated with biofertilizers using the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were carried out on the basis of physicochemical parameters of vermicomposted samples. From the results of the PCA and CA, it was possible to classify two different groups of vermicompost samples in the following categories: E2 and E5; and E1, E3, E4, and control. Scanning electron microscopy and biodynamic circular paper chromatography analysis were used to investigate the changes in surface morphology and functional groups in the control and vermicompost products. SEM analysis of E1-E5 shows more fragment and pores than the control. Chromatographic analysis of vermicompost indicated the mature condition of the compost materials.

Adsorption Kinetics of Cobalt (II) Ions onto Alginate Beads from Aqueous Solutions

Cobalt is a heavy metal that is commonly used in industrial processes and used in batteries and tanning activities. Time-dependent experiments were carried out to study the adsorption kinetics of cobalt (II) ions onto alginate beads in batch conditions at room temperature. Experiments were carried out in the absence of salt and in a 0.01 M solution of NaNO3 as a model salt to explore the effect of salinity in the adsorption. The experimental data was fitted to pseudo-first (Lagergren model) and pseudo-second order kinetics. According to the modeling, experimental data is better resembled by the pseudo-second order kinetics as shown by its correlation coefficient, indicating that less than 30 minutes are needed to reach equilibrium. Likewise, experimental data shows that salinity has a negative effect on the adsorption of cobalt (II) ions, reporting maximum adsorption capacities of 230 mg/g and 211 mg/g in the absence and in the presence of salt, respectively. It is hypothesized that electrostatic competition for the adsorption sites occurs due to the presence of Na+ ions in the solution. Finally, our results were compared to recently reported data, indicating that alginate beads have better adsorption properties than other naturally-occurring materials like algae, flower wastes and minerals like zeolite and bentonite. This study demonstrated that alginate beads are good candidates for a fast and efficient removal of cobalt (II) ions from solutions.

Compost Maturity Assessment Using Physicochemical, Solid-State Spectroscopy, and Plant Bioassay Analysis

The vermicompost produced from flower waste inoculated with biofertilizers was subjected to compost maturity test: (i) physicochemical method (pH, OC, TN, C:N); (ii) solid state spectroscopic analysis (FTIR and (13)C CPMAS NMR); and (iii) plant bioassay (germination index). The pH of vermicompost was decreased toward neutral, C:N ratio < 20; reduced organic carbon with increased nitrogen indicates the compost attains maturity. The final vermicomposts result shows reduction of complex organic materials into simple minerals which indicates the maturity of the experimental vermicompost product than the control. The increased aliphatic portion incorporated with flower residues may be due to the synthesis of alkyl, O-alkyl, and COO groups by the microbes present in the gut of earthworm. Plant bioassays are considered the most conventional assessment of compost maturity analysis, and subsequently, it shows the effect of vermicompost maturity on the germination index of Vigna mungo .