Wastewater Flow Rate Research Articles

CFD study of multiphase flow in aerated grit tank

Grit removal is an important step in a municipal wastewater treatment plant to remove fine particles from wastewater. One of the prominent technologies for grit removal is an aerated grit tank (AGT), which uses air diffusers to create spiral flow that allows heavier particles to accelerate and settle to the bottom of the tank. The performance of an AGT largely depends on induced flow patterns and hydrodynamic forces. The current study investigated an industrial-scale AGT using computational fluid dynamics modelling and simulations. For the simulated tank, industrial trials were conducted to measure grit quantity and particle size distribution in the influent and effluent of the tank. The measured data were used to validate the CFD model and then the validated model was used to investigate the effect operating conditions and modifications in tank geometry on flow patterns and grit capture efficiency. The objective of this parametric investigation was aimed to improve grit removal efficiency of the simulated AGT. The predictions suggested only 6.6 % change in the grit capture efficiency of the tank when air flowrate was either increased by 50 % from the current setpoint (230 Nm3/hr). Simulation of a peak wet weather wastewater flowrate (= 986 L/s) resulted in ∼50 % drop in grit capture compared to dry weather wastewater flowrate (= 460 L/s). Among the simulated tank modifications to improve grit removal during peak wet weather events, increase in tank length and width did not provide significant improvement. However, modification in tank base by relocating the screw conveyor recess from its current position (midway along the width of the tank) to a location adjacent to the wall resulted in 34 % increase in the capture efficiency of smaller particles in a size range of 100–150 μm.

Simulation of Wastewater Depolution Processes by Advanced Biological Methods

This paper presents the results from a study which simulates wastewater depollution processes using advanced biological methods. The experimental research was performed in a static biological reactor, equipped with an air compressor and an agitator / mixer. Synthetic wastewater, prepared with the addition of glucose, was fed into the reactor. The wastewater was subjected to alternating cycles of aeration and slow mixing, for consecutive 3 h intervals within the reactor to ensure the necessary conditions for the reduction of nitrogen based organic compounds within the wastewater. In the successive aeration processes, aerobic / nitrifying microorganisms which developed within the reactor, facilitated the decomposition of organic substances into nitrites and then into nitrates. By stopping aeration and starting the slow mixing cycle the anaerobic / denitrifying microorganisms growing in the reactor consume the necessary oxygen from nitrates and release free nitrogen into the atmosphere, thus completing the process of advanced depollution. Therefore, the experimental procedure highlights the existence of two distinct phases in the development of the depollution process. In the first phase, the biological process is initiated using glucose in order to promote the growth of the bacterial flora. In the second phase (the regime phase), the reduction of mineral and organic pollutants from the wastewater is ensured. The activity of microorganisms in the biological reactor can be further supported by the recirculation of activated sludge retained in the secondary decanter. The proposed technology offers a fast, safe and relatively inexpensive method for advanced wastewater depollution. Bioreactors of this type are recommended in wastewater treatment schemes in the hearth of rural localities, agro-zootechnical complexes and tourist units with seasonal activities due to their fluctuations in hourly wastewater flow rates. Similar approaches can also be considered for the elimination of ammonium compounds in groundwater polluted with animal manure.

On possibility of controlling the flow rate and state of wastewater using nuclear magnetic flowmeter-relaxometer

Currently, one of the urgent tasks in environmental monitoring is monitoring the wastewater state. Wastewater is generated in any technological production, as well as in agriculture as a by-product of production. These wastewaters must be cleaned of hazardous elements before being discharged. Moreover, their condition control is necessary even if the water cycle is closed, i.e. there is reuse after treatment. It should be noted that such wastewater can contain pollution and other production waste which can cause damage to the measuring equipment. In this case, non-contact devices are preferable for wastewater control. The method of nuclear magnetic resonance is one of the promising solutions to this problem. The developed device allows measuring water flow at a flow rate in the range from 0.001 to 1.0 liters per second. In this range, relaxation constants are measured to determine the presence of both dissolved and undissolved impurities, as well as hazardous substances in water. Measurements can be made in the temperature range from 276 to 320 K. All measurements are carried out without contact with the investigated medium. Our work presents the results of such measurements.

Treatment of zinc plating wastewater by combination of electrocoagulation and ultrafiltration process.

In this study treatment of zinc plating wastewater by combination of electrocoagulation (EC) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes was investigated. The effect of operating parameters such as wastewater pH, flow rate and membrane pore size on zinc removal was investigated to optimize the EC-UF process. The results showed that zinc removal was pH dependent and optimum pH was 9.0. The zinc removal over 99% was achieved by the combined EC-UF process with both 50 and 100 kDa membranes at pH 9.0 and current density of 5 mA cm-2. Suspended solids and oil-grease were also removed completely by the combined EC-UF process. The EC-UF process proved to be a promising technology for the treatment and recycling of zinc plating wastewater.

Analysing the reasons of the inadequate performance for small sewage treatment plants in the Far North

The development of natural resources in the Far North is constrained by the water factor, because intensive use of water resources by the extractive industry enterprises is associated with expenditure, losses, water pollution. As a result, it has a significant impact on the state of the hydrosphere and all other components of the environment. Discharge of untreated and insufficiently treated wastewater into surface water bodies by camp settings constantly worsen their condition. Wastewater is contaminated with phosphorus, nitrogen, all kinds of bacteria, it can also contain viruses and helminth eggs, and it contains large quantities of synthetic surfactants, which are formed after bathing, washing and laundry on the camp settings of the extractive industry enterprises. Wastewater flow rate is 1400 m3/day in the camp settings. However, the degree of toxicity of water-discharge is no less than that of large cities. The characteristic features of wastewater from camp settings and sewerage systems are: remoteness from sources of centralized power supply, water supply and sewerage (isolated location); the interruptions in the supply of wastewater to structures and a low population density (up to 70 people/ha); increased concentrations of contaminants because of the relatively low standards of wastewater disposal (depending on the degree of buildings improvement). Thus, small sewerage treatment facilities are complex, difficult-to-control biological systems operating in an unfavorable mode of a constantly changing composition of wastewater. It should be noted that the published information on the topic of domestic sewage wastewater treatment has a limited scope, due to the specificity of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of wastewater, natural and climatic conditions, and other factors. The work considers the treatment facilities of the Chukotka Autonomous District of the Far Eastern region of Russia (the Far North region), the microbiological composition of wastewater was studied, which is formed in especially unfavorable conditions (the Far North region), the conditions for the biocenosis formation and the reasons negatively affecting the biocenosis.

Impact of intermittent feeding on polishing of micropollutants by moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR)

Moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) were placed at two wastewater treatment plants, where they were constantly fed with effluent and intermittently fed with primary wastewater. Each reactor was subjected to different feast/famine periods and flow rates of primary wastewater, thus the different organic and nutrient loads (chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonium(NH4-N)) resulted in different feast-famine conditions applied to the biomass. In batch experiments, this study investigated the effects of various feast-famine conditions on the biodegradation of micropollutants by MBBRs applied as an effluent polishing step. Rate constants of micropollutant removals were found to be positively correlated to the load of the total COD and NH4-N, indicating that higher organic loads were favourable for the growth of micropollutant degraders in these MBBRs. Rate constant of atenolol was five times higher when the biomass was fed with the highest COD and NH4-N load than it was fed with the lowest COD and NH4-N load. For diclofenac, mycophenolic acid and iohexol, their maximum rate constants were obtained with feeding of COD and NH4-N of approximately 570 mgCOD/d and 40∼60 mgNH4-N/d respectively. This also supports the concept that co-metabolism (rather competition inhibition or catabolic repression) plays an important role in micropollutants biodegradation in wastewater.

Influence of rain events on the efficiency of a compact wastewater treatment plant: a case study on a university campus aiming water reuse for agriculture.

In this study, the efficiency of contaminant removal from a compact wastewater treatment plant (CWTP) in a university campus under different rain conditions was evaluated. Wastewater samples were collected weekly for 1year and the physicochemical parameters were monitored. Removal efficiency higher than 77%, reaching values above 95% for samples with lower wastewater flow rates, was found for biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total and fecal coliforms. The pH values remained in the range of 6.0-8.0. However, pH values below 6.8 impaired the nitrification rate and, therefore, the removal of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and ammonia was lower than the expected, with concentration values above those set by the Brazilian regulation for wastewater discharge. The results show that the flow rate of wastewater at the entrance of the CWTP is directly related to the rain events, thus affecting its efficiency, mainly in the removal of total solids, turbidity, and organic matter. The assessment of the treated wastewater reuse on site for agricultural purposes showed to be a prominent and more sustainable alternative regarding the discharge of wastewater into water bodies.

Design and Optimisation of Water Recovery System for a Polylactide Production Process

Development of water recovery system improves sustainability of industrial water supplies and minimises water cost. This paper proposes an integrated simulation-optimisation approach for the design and optimisation of a water recovery system for a polylactide (PLA) production process. The latter is among the industrial processes that are known for consuming a high amount of water during its operation. In this work, an integrated simulation-optimisation approach is adopted to address water minimisation problem in a PLA production process. A steady-state process simulation software is first used to model the PLA production process, in order to obtain its mass and energy balances, as well as to identify the important process parameters that affect water recovery. The model simplifies the non-linearity of the reactor model, and also determines the relationship between reactor operating conditions with the water source flowrates. Mathematic programming technique is next used to synthesise its water recovery network which involves multiple impurities. Several water recovery scenarios with different optimisation objectives were used for the evaluation, i.e. minimising flowrate (scenario 1), minimising cost (scenario 2) and maximising profit (scenario 3). Both scenarios 2 and 3 that involve process optimisation at the reactor achieve the minimum freshwater and wastewater flowrates, with maximum profitability for the process. As compared with the base case process, the water reuse/recycle scheme for these scenarios leads to extra 34.3% and 17.5% reduction in freshwater demand and wastewater flowrates respectively.

Energetic and environmental analysis of a wastewater treatment plant through static and dynamic monitoring activities

The article describes the results achieved in 5 years of monitoring of a large wastewater treatment plant (700,000 PE) in Southern Italy, which has a conventional activated sludge process scheme and electricity as exclusive energy source. The monitoring involved a preliminary phase ("static" monitoring) for the analysis of historical data on the main process-related variables, using the approach of normalization techniques. In the second monitoring phase ("dynamic" monitoring) the theoretical distribution of the energy load among the electromechanical units of the plant was first studied; then, an energy monitoring system was implemented on the most energy-consuming unit of the plant, a 500 kW turbo-blower, with the aim of analysing in detail its real-time performance and investigating potential correlations with other process parameters (wastewater flow rates and associated pollutant load). Results of the static monitoring suggest good overall performances, both from an energy and environmental point of view, even if the plant works close to the maximum hydraulic capacity due to the massive infiltrations. In particular, focusing on the energy performances, the plant consumes on average 0.17 kWh/m3, 28 kWh/PE/year and 0.66 kWh/kgCODremoved. The results of dynamic monitoring, on the other hand, indicate that the turbo-blower consumes 30% less energy than what initially estimated through the theoretical model, but its functioning does not seem to be influenced by the other process parameters; this latter result reveals an inadequate energy management of the most power-absorbing electromechanical units of the plant and the consequent need to adopt effective strategies for energy optimization.

The energy implication of climate change on urban wastewater systems

Urban wastewater service provision is an important energy consumer as well as a potentially important energy producer. This study aims to advance understandings on the influence of climate change on the intra- and inter-annual patterns of wastewater treatment plants’ net life cycle energy consumption. Historic monthly operational data of a wastewater treatment plant in the northeast United States were obtained and its current net life cycle energy demand was investigated. Comprehensive multivariate and multiple linear regression analyses were then performed. The main climate variables (temperature, rainfall, and snowfall) and the wastewater characteristics (flow rate, water temperature, total suspended solids, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand) were used to develop regression models for energy that is directly and indirectly consumed and generated at the treatment plant. Two different approaches, a lumped and a month-based method, for conducting the regression analysis were investigated. Whenever possible, these two approaches were combined to improve the predictive power of the regression models. The obtained result shows the treatment plant’s direct energy use consists of more than 86% of the total energy consumption currently. Various energy recovery strategies allow the treatment plant to offset more than 15% of its total energy consumption. The future annual wastewater influent of the plant was projected to decrease towards the end of the century under climate change, with a significantly larger seasonal variation. The influent wastewater quality is projected to decrease, leading to higher direct and indirect energy consumption for treatment. Projections of future intra-annual responses show that the seasonal variations of wastewater flowrate as well as the monthly cumulative energy demand can potentially experience a two-fold increase, resulting in more frequent system shocks and create operational difficulties.

Selective Extraction of Cobalt and Copper from Chilean Mine Water by Ion Exchange Resin

Heavy metal-containing waste has become one of heavy environmental problems. Processing of such waste accumulated at waste dumps to extract valuable components is commercially beneficial activity and, in addition, decreases environmental impact. In this study, Lewatit MonoPlus TP 207 (TP 207) ion exchange resin was evaluated for its suitability for selective removal of cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) from mine waste waters, generated by heap leaching waste materials at a Chilean copper mine. In series of laboratory scale fixed-bed ion exchange column tests, the effects of process parameters, such as waste water flow rate and regenerant (sulfuric acid) concentration, were studied in both waste water treatment by the ion exchange resin process and the resin regeneration (metals eluting) process. The regeneration process tests were performed using 1 % and 10 % sulfuric acid. The best separation of the metals (in the eluting process) was achieved with regeneration of TP 207 resin using 1 % sulfuric acid at flow rate of 1 bed volume per hour (BV/h).

Experimental parametric investigation of waste heat powered humidification dehumidification system for production of freshwater from wastewater

In this study, the performance of a novel humidification dehumidification (HDH) system powered by waste heat for the production of freshwater from domestic wastewater is investigated experimentally. The waste heat rejected from the domestic air conditioning unit is utilized as the process air for powering the HDH system. The influence of the major parameters such as process air temperature, humidity ratio, wastewater flow rate and coolant liquid flow rate were evaluated to identify the optimum conditions for maximum freshwater productivity. Further, the humidification potential of cellulose paper and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) humidifier materials were evaluated comparatively to identify the effective humidifier material for maximum productivity. Experimental results indicated that the maximum achievable yield is about 7.1 kg/h with the use of cellulose material for an optimum flow condition of 0.5 m3/h and 0.9 m3/h in humidifier and dehumidifier units respectively. Further, the maximum freshwater productivity, gained output ratio (GOR) and cost of freshwater production are 4.7 kg/kWh, 1.27 and $0.0409/kg respectively. A significant decrement in the contaminants were identified during water quality analysis and the obtained results indicated that the developed HDH system could be utilized for local production of freshwater with competent use of waste heat and wastewater simultaneously.

Assessing environmental impacts of large centralized wastewater treatment plants with combined or separate sewer systems in dry/wet seasons by using LCA

Rainfall can affect influent flow rate and compositions of wastewater, and thus further affect wastewater treatment performance and the effluent quality. This study aims to study the influence of rainfall on the environmental impacts of centralized wastewater treatment plants. The correlations between rainfall, and influent flow rate and compositions of wastewater in wet and dry seasons with two sewer systems, i.e. combined and separate sewer systems, were primarily established. Environmental impacts were assessed with life cycle assessment (LCA) to understand the temporal environmental burdens in wet and dry seasons. Functional units as per m3 treated wastewater (FU1) and as per kg PO43-eq. removed (FU2), respectively, were used to evaluate impacts of wastewater treatment to the environment. Strong correlation between rainfall and the influent flow rate was found in the wastewater treatment plants with either a combined sewer system (with Pearson correlation coefficient r at 0.66) or a separate sewer system (with r at 0.84), where r represents the strength of the association between two variables. The rainfall effect is more obvious on the eutrophication potential and global warming potential than on other environmental indicators while sewer system, i.e. combined or separate, seems not important in the two cases studied. Both wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) show a lower environmental burden in the wet season than in the dry season partially due to the dilution of wastewater by using FU1. The WWTP receiving high strength wastewater, however, demonstrates higher environmental impacts in the wet season by using FU2 than FU1, due to the less efficient treatment caused by heavy rainfall. Meanwhile, it is found that environmental impacts from the WWTP receiving low strength wastewater have no difference when using either FU1 or FU2. The results indicate that the environmental burdens particularly eutrophication and global warming caused by WWTPs are dependent on the correlations of rainfall intensity with wastewater quantity and quality instead of combined or separate sewer system. This could be used to guide a stricter control of eutrophication in a more sensitive season in more vulnerable receiving waters.

The Energy Production and Efficiency Treatment of ML-MFC Using High Organic Content Wastewater

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a technology that is not only able to produce energy but also treats wastewater. The membraneless microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC) system was developed to avoid the use of membranes that are prone to clogging and are less applicable. The reactor was made and arranged in two chambers connected by pipes and the fluid flow rate is set using a peristaltic pump. Three anodes (carbon cloth) were paired with a carbon-Pt cathode GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer) type. The reactor was applied to wastewater taken from the industrial WWTP unit at the point before and after UASB. ML-MFC reactors can produce currents of 0.2 mA (before UASB) and 0.25 mA (after UASB). Current production is strongly influenced by the flow rate and characteristics of wastewater. Increased flow rates and complex character of wastewater will reduce current production. The electric power produced is 0.035 mwatt for wastewater before UASB and 0.086 mwatt after UASB with a COD removal is close to the same, which is 21% at a flow rate of 11 L / min1

The Energy Production and Efficiency Treatment of ML-MFC Using High Organic Content Wastewater

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a technology that is not only able to produce energy but also treats wastewater. The membraneless microbial fuel cell (ML-MFC) system was developed to avoid the use of membranes that are prone to clogging and are less applicable. The reactor was made and arranged in two chambers connected by pipes and the fluid flow rate is set using a peristaltic pump. Three anodes (carbon cloth) were paired with a carbon-Pt cathode GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer) type. The reactor was applied to wastewater taken from the industrial WWTP unit at the point before and after UASB. ML-MFC reactors can produce currents of 0.2 mA (before UASB) and 0.25 mA (after UASB). Current production is strongly influenced by the flow rate and characteristics of wastewater. Increased flow rates and complex character of wastewater will reduce current production. The electric power produced is 0.035 mwatt for wastewater before UASB and 0.086 mwatt after UASB with a COD removal is close to the same, which is 21% at a flow rate of 11 L / min1

WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPLEXES

The authors of the article revealed the directions of development of water supply and sanitation systems of multifunctional buildings, the specific features and the most rational design solutions of systems. Design of water supply and sanitation components of the complex (residential part, infrastructure) is based on standards and experience in the design of such facilities located separately and operating independently. At the same time, the design has specific features because many objects are parts of a single complex. For example, such as the duplication or redundancy of individual elements of the system; the device of a separate fire extinguishing system, including a reservoir with a supply of water; the use of additional equipment aimed at saving water; installation of local wastewater treatment facilities of industrial premises; design of rain sewers with closed outlets. The article presents a simplified method for determining the maximum hourly and second water and wastewater flow rates for buildings with a large number of water users.Determination on set of rules30.13330.2016 is conducted only for the most water-intensive consumers, which account for more than 90 % of the daily water consumption of the entire complex and the number of which usually does not exceed three.The expenses of other small water consumers are taken into account additionally as a percentage of consumption of water-intensive facilities. It is determined that the share of small consumers in the maximum hourly consumption of water and wastewater is 6 %, in the maximum second consumption - 4,5 %. The collected information is used in the design of a specific object - a complex of two residential buildings on a common stylobate part, which houses the infrastructure facilities of administrative, commercial and fitness purposes.

Laundry wastewater treatment using a combination of sand filter, bio-char and teff straw media

Numerous researchers have expressed concern over the emerging water scarcity issues around the globe. Economic water scarcity is severe in the developing countries; thus, the use of inexpensive wastewater treatment strategies can help minimize this issue. An abundant amount of laundry wastewater (LWW) is generated daily and various wastewater treatment researches have been performed to achieve suitable techniques. This study addressed this issue by considering the economic perspective of the treatment technique through the selection of easily available materials. The proposed technique is a combination of locally available absorbent materials such as sand, biochar, and teff straw in a media. Biochar was prepared from eucalyptus wood, teff straw was derived from teff stem, and sand was obtained from indigenous crushed stones. In this study, the range of laundry wastewater flow rate was calculated as 6.23–17.58 m3/day; also studied were the efficiency of the media in terms of the removal percentage of contamination and the flux rate. The performances of biochar and teff straw were assessed based on the operation parameters and the percentage removal efficiency at different flux rates; the assessment showed 0.4 L/min flux rate to exhibit the maximum removal efficiency. Chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and total alkalinity removal rate varied from 79% to ≥83%; total solids and total suspended solids showed 92% to ≥99% removal efficiency, while dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, pH, and electrical conductivity showed 22% to ≥62% removal efficiency. The optimum range of pH was evaluated between 5.8–7.1. The statistical analysis for finding the correlated matrix of laundry wastewater parameters showed the following correlations: COD (r = −0.84), TS (r = −0.83), and BOD (r = −0.81), while DO exhibited highest negative correlation. This study demonstrated the prospective of LWW treatment using inexpensive materials. The proposed treatment process involved low-cost materials and exhibited efficiency in the removal of contaminants; its operation is simple and can be reproduced in different scenarios.

Targeting and Design Procedure for Water-using Networks with Single Contaminant

Minimizing of wastewater has become a focus of research as the reduction of wastewater discharge and water conservation has great importance. Wastewater discharge and fresh water consumption can significantly be reduced by Integration of the water system. The integration is done by reuse, regeneration reuse/recycling of waste wastewater appropriately. This work shows the development of a systematic technique which target freshwater consumption and wastewater discharge to achieve the maximum water recovery for systems involving a single contaminant. A generic linear programming model has been used based on water network superstructure to generate the maximum water recovery targets and design minimum water network .It has been used in this work water path analysis and improved source shift algorithm to evolve a preliminary water network to reduce number of interconnections by incurring a penalty on both wastewater and freshwater flow rates. This method has been tested for one problem reported in the literature. It is cleared from the illustrated problems that the proposed procedure needs much less computation compared with methods taken from other literatures.

A modeling framework to evaluate blending of seawater and treated wastewater streams for synergistic desalination and potable reuse

A modeling framework was developed to evaluate synergistic blending of the waste streams from seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination and wastewater treatment facilities that are co-located or in close proximity. Four scenarios were considered, two of which involved blending treated wastewater with the brine resulting from the seawater RO desalination process, effectively diluting RO brine prior to discharge. One of these scenarios considers the capture of salinity-gradient energy. The other two scenarios involved blending treated wastewater with the intake seawater to dilute the influent to the RO process. One of these scenarios incorporates a low-energy osmotic dilution process to provide high-quality pre-treatment for the wastewater. The model framework evaluates required seawater and treated wastewater flowrates, discharge flowrates and components, boron removal, and system energy requirements. Using data from an existing desalination facility in close proximity to a wastewater treatment facility, results showed that the influent blending scenarios (Scenarios 3 and 4) had several advantages over the brine blending scenarios (Scenarios 1 and 2), including: (1) reduced seawater intake and brine discharge flowrates, (2) no need for second-pass RO for boron control, and (3) reduced energy consumption. It should be noted that the framework was developed for use with co-located seawater desalination and coastal wastewater reclamation facilities but could be extended for use with desalination and wastewater reclamation facilities in in-land locations where disposal of RO concentrate is a serious concern.

Degradation of phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol wastewater by ozonation in multi-injection bubble column reactor

The presence of phenolic compounds, such as phenol (carbolic acid or phenylic acid) and 2,4-DCP (2,4-dichlorophenol), in trace amounts in the agricultural environment and in chemical industries wastewater has been considered a potentially large risk for the environment and human health. Therefore, it is very important to develop effective techniques for removing phenolic compounds in wastewater. This research was conducted specifically to observe the effect of temperature of ozone production in the ozonation process to remove phenol and 2,4-DCP in the agricultural aquatic environment and industrial wastewater. This experimental study was conducted using a semi-continuous multi-injection bubble column reactor with initial concentrations of phenol and 2,4-DCP 50 ppm for 60 minutes ozonation. The effect of parameters namely, waste water flow rate, air flow rate, pH of the solution, and temperature were evaluated and optimized. Degradation efficiency, COD concentration, hydroxyl radical concentration were also monitored. It was found that the degradation efficiency at room temperature and low temperature (cold conditions) of phenol were 98.79% and 98.22%, respectively, while 2,4-DCP degradation at room and cold temperatures was 99.83% and 99, 99%, respectively.