Nanofluid Flow Research Articles

Regression analysis for multiple shape effects on magnetized power law nanofluid flow along a thin needle: An application in targeted drug delivery system

Nowadays, therapeutics mainly depend on drug delivery and magnetic nanofragments in the human body’s circulatory system. The drug particles are infused into the bloodstream with magnetic effects during this treatment, which is normally applied and aids in releasing the medications to the proper organs under magnetic intensity. Numerous medical procedures employ this approach, such as targeted drug delivery, cancer treatments, reduction of excessive bleeding during surgery, the healing process of wounds, and magnetic attraction of blood. However, the nanoparticle’s shape factor causes faster/slower drug release before/after reaching its targeted region. This study strives to investigate the effects of nanoparticle shape on the magnetized power law fluid flow along a thin needle. Additionally, viscous dissipation, suction, and ohmic heating are also considered. The governing equations are transformed with the help of appropriate similarity transformation into a dimensionless form and solved using the Bvp4c technique. The findings reveal that the magnetic field and needle thickness reduce fluid velocity. Further, regression analysis is incorporated to provide further insight into engineering quantities. The platelet-shaped nanoparticle averagely transmits thermal energy an average of [Formula: see text] more than brick, [Formula: see text] more than the blade and [Formula: see text] more than cylinder-shaped nanoparticles.

Investigation of temperature jump, first and second-order velocity slip effects on blood-based ternary nanofluid flow in convergent/divergent channels

Purpose High surface area-to-volume ratios make nanoparticles ideal for cancer heat therapy and targeted medication delivery. Moreover, ternary nanofluids (TNFs) may possess superior thermophysical properties compared to mono- and hybrid nanofluids due to their synergistic effects. In light of this information, the objective of this article is to examine the blood-based TNF flow within convergent/divergent channels under velocity slip and temperature jump. Design/methodology/approach Leading partial differential equations corresponding to the problem are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity variables. The bvp4c code that uses the finite difference method is used to obtain a numerical solution. Findings The effect of nanoparticles may change depending on the characteristics of flow near the wall. The properties and proportions of the used nanoparticles become important to control the flow. When TNF was used, an increase in the Nusselt number between 4.75% and 6.10% was observed at low Reynolds numbers. At high Reynolds numbers, nanoparticles reduce the Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient values under some special flow conditions. Importantly, the effects of second-order slip on engineering parameters were also investigated. Furthermore, the Nusselt number increases with increasing shape factor. Research limitations/implications Obtained results of the study can be beneficial in both nature and engineering, especially blood flow in veins. Originality/value The main innovations of this study are the usage of blood-based TNF and the examination of the effect of shape factor in convergent/divergent channels with second-order velocity slip.

Mixed convection, couple stress Williamson nanofluid flow over a rotating perpendicular cone with heat transfer analysis

Mixed convection, couple stress Williamson nanofluid flow over a rotating perpendicular cone with heat transfer analysis

Unsteady Magneto-radiative Flow of Copper-water Nanofluid Over an Exponentially Stretching Surface

Understanding the complex behavior of fluid flows under various physical influences is crucial for advancing engineering and industrial applications. This paper presents the investigation of the unsteady, incompressible, single-phase magneto-radiative flow of a copper-water nanofluid over an exponentially stretching surface, considering the effects of viscous dissipation and temperature-dependent heat sources. This model, proposed in the present analysis, is based on fundamentals of the continuity and Navier–Stokesequations with mass conservation. Further, use of a similarity transformation will reduce the equations to dimensionless form and provide a numerical solution using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method. In physics, engineering, and industrial applications, the most interesting parameters are the velocity, temperature, skin friction, and the Nusselt number (Nu). The results of this study are compared with previous works, showing significant agreement with findings under similar conditions. The analysis reveals that both temperature and velocity boundary layer increase when all very specific effects of radiation (R), heat source (Q), copper nanoparticle volume fraction, and magnetic field strength parameter are present. On the other hand, it is found that skin friction increases when considering both copper nanoparticle volume fraction and magnetic field strength parameter, but the Nu decreases if R, Q, copper nanoparticle volume fraction, and magnetic field strength parameter are the factors responsible for that. These outcomes will be further delineated through graphics and be elaborated in engineering and industrial context.

Unsteady MHD flow of tangent hyperbolic ternary hybrid nanofluid in a darcy-forchheimer porous medium over a permeable stretching sheet with variable thermal conductivity

Background This research investigates the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, heat, and mass transfer of tangent hyperbolic ternary hybrid nanofluids over a permeable stretching sheet. The study considers three types of nanoparticles—aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), copper (Cu), and titanium oxide (TiO₂)—dispersed in a base fluid of ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂). This ternary hybrid nanofluid (Al₂O₃–Cu–TiO₂/C₂H₆O₂) has potential applications in cooling systems, biomedical uses for targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia treatments, heat exchangers, and polymer processing techniques like extrusion and casting. Methods The study examines the effects of various parameters, including the Weissenberg number, power law index, nanoparticle volume fraction, viscous dissipation, magnetic field, heat generation, nonlinear thermal radiation, temperature ratio, Joule heating, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, porous permeability, variable thermal conductivity, Eckert number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, chemical reaction, velocity ratio, Forchheimer number, and unsteady parameters. The governing equations are transformed into similarity equations using appropriate transformations and solved numerically with the MATLAB BVP5C package. The results are validated against data from published articles to ensure reproducibility. Results The findings reveal that an increase in the Weissenberg and Forchheimer numbers reduces the velocity profile, while the temperature distribution increases. The variable thermal conductivity parameter (Γ) leads to a higher temperature profile, indicating improved heat transfer. Higher nanoparticle concentrations in the nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids result in enhanced skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. Ternary hybrid nanofluids show the most significant improvement in heat transfer and thermal conductivity. Conclusions Ternary hybrid nanofluids significantly enhance heat and mass transfer, showing potential for applications in cooling systems, drug delivery, and polymer processing. The numerical results are consistent with previous research, confirming the reliability and reproducibility of the findings

Influence of heat source on radiative-convective heat and mass transfer flow of water-based copper nanofluid from a permeable stretchable cylinder in porous medium with chemical reaction and convective boundary conditions

Influence of heat source on radiative-convective heat and mass transfer flow of water-based copper nanofluid from a permeable stretchable cylinder in porous medium with chemical reaction and convective boundary conditions

Ethylene Glycol-Based Oxide Tri-Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over a Curved Riga Permeable Medium for the Impact of Thermal Radiation

In various industries, for advanced cooling, electronic device thermal management, and solar thermal systems ethylene glycol (EG)-based nanofluids are presented as efficient heat transfer agents. The proposed oxide tri-hybrid nanofluids comprising multiple oxide nanoparticles, i.e., Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2 have significantly enhanced thermal properties and stability compared to mono and binary nanofluids. The current investigation aims at the transportation of heat characteristics of an EG-based tri-hybrid nanofluid over a curved Riga surface filled with a porous substance. The study focuses on thermal radiation effects. Moreover, the Riga plate is a magnetic device with alternating electrodes and magnets that provide a significant electromagnetic forcing mechanism for flow behavior. The designed mathematical model with their dimensional form needs transformation to their corresponding dimensionless form with the utility of similarity rules. Further, a numerical technique based on shooting is employed for the solution of the model for the attainment of physical factors. The physical properties of these factors are presented briefly through graphs followed by a comparative analysis.

Electromagnetic non-orthognal flow of variable viscosity nanofluid over a rotating riga disk with prescribed thermal slip

Abstract This paper investigates the complex dynamics of a 3D oblique magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Ag-water Nanofluid across a rotating Riga disk. Temperature dependent viscosity along with prescribed momentum and thermal slip on the surface of rotating Riga disk are taken into account. Permanent magnets are attached to a flat surface of the electrode array on Riga plate, which is oriented span-wise. This configuration produces an exponentially decaying Lorentz force parallel to the array. The interaction of magnetic fields, rotational effects, and boundary slip phenomena in a three-dimensional flow is the main topic of the study. The study uses the Shooting algorithm to investigate the effects of the Riga disk's rotation and the presence of a magnetic field on heat transfer and flow characteristics. Furthermore, the addition of momentum and thermal slip boundary conditions sheds more light on differences between realistic situations and standard no-slip models. With implications for better design and optimization in engineering systems involving rotating disks and magnetic fields, this work advances our understanding of complex fluid dynamics in MHD applications. Velocity profiles f ′ ( η ) and g(η) drops down while enhancing values of nano particle volume fraction ϕ whereas g(η) reduces by ehancement of Hartman number Ha and velocity slip parameter ω 1. The temperature θ(η) rises with increasing thermal slip ω 2 velocity slip parameter ω 1 and Hartmann number Ha. Additionally, it increases with the volume fraction of solid nanoparticles ϕ and the width parameter δ. As width parameter δ increases, the local heat flux − K n f K f . θ ′ ( 0 ) decreases. Skin friction coefficient f″(0) increases with viscosity parameter m and decreases with variations in thermal slip parameter ω 2. 3D flow patterns exhibits the significant influence of momentum slip parameter ω 1 on the location of stagnation point.

The role of machine learning in analyzing magnetic field localization and vortex generation in tetra-hybrid nanofluid: A numerical study

This research distinguishes itself by integrating machine learning algorithms to assess the impact of confined magnetic fields on vortex dynamics in hybrid nanofluid flow, through the inclusion of both vertical and horizontal magnetic field strips. Specifically, the study focuses on a vertical cavity with an aspect ratio of 1:5, where a bottom lid moves horizontally from left to right to drive the flow. We have applied a limited magnetic field consisting of vertical, and horizontal strips. The authors have developed MATLAB codes to implement an algorithm for solving the governing equations of the nanofluid flow and heat transfer. The algorithm is based on the Stream-Vorticity formulation and uses a finite difference method. The algorithm can examine how several parameters, such as magnetic field strength (0–300), nanoparticle volume fraction (0–20%), and Reynolds number (Re) (1–50), impact the characteristics of nanofluids in terms of flow and thermal properties. The results demonstrate that magnetic fields influence the stress distribution of the flow pattern and the temperature distribution. Further, the presence of a magnetic field also affects stress distribution. Moreover, it has been determined that the Nusselt number (Nu) experiences a 60% increase due to the magnetic field, while there is a remarkable rise attributed to the Re. Similarly, significant changes are observed in skin friction under both parameters. These findings carry implications for designing and operating devices.

Comparative analysis of response surface methodology and sensitivity analysis on radiative hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined spinning disk with non-uniform heat source

Comparative analysis of response surface methodology and sensitivity analysis on radiative hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined spinning disk with non-uniform heat source

Thermal transfer enhancement in a Casson-based hybrid nanofluid flow in a permeable wall jet with suction and injection

Thermal transfer enhancement in a Casson-based hybrid nanofluid flow in a permeable wall jet with suction and injection

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of ternary nanofluid and heat transfer past a permeable cylinder with velocity slip

The increasing demand for energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable solutions has driven the exploration of ternary nanofluids for enhanced heat transfer applications. This numerical study investigates the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow and heat transfer characteristics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid (copper-alumina-titania/water) over a shrinking/stretching cylinder, considering the effects of velocity slip, suction, and curvature parameters. The variable wall temperature is also included in the physical model. The model in PDEs is transformed into a simplified version of differential equations (ODEs) which can be solved using the bvp4c solver. Validation against previously published data confirms the accuracy of the model. Two solutions are possible if the shrinking surface is permeable (with suction effect) while only unique solution for the stretching case. Surprisingly, the copper-alumina-titania/water exhibits a lower heat transfer rate but higher skin friction as compared to the copper-alumina/water. Specifically, the heat transfer coefficient decreases by 5-10% when incorporating the titania nanoparticle, while an increase of 8-12% for the skin friction coefficient. Additionally, the velocity slip and curvature parameters accelerate the boundary layer separation, whereas increased suction delays this process. These findings provide insights into optimizing thermal management systems using ternary hybrid nanofluids, particularly under MHD effects.

Multiscale modeling of nanofluid flow and enhanced heat transfer via a computational fluid dynamics–discrete element coupled approach

A new multiscale model, which directly considers the interaction between the macroscopic continuous base fluid phase and the microscopic discrete nanoparticle phase, is proposed to analyze the nanofluid flow and enhanced heat transfer. At the macroscale, the flow and heat transfer of nanofluids are modeled by the nonisothermal Navier–Stokes equations under the Eulerian framework. At the microscale, the motion and thermal state of each nanoparticle are governed by a group of ordinary differential equations derived from the Newton's second law and energy balance law under the Lagrangian framework. The models at different scales are coupled together through both interaction force and thermal parameters. To reduce the cost in calculating the interaction force between the two phases, the discrete element method is used. Compared to the existing models, the primary novelties of the present model are twofold. First, the collisions between nanoparticles and between nanoparticles and solid walls are considered to count the heat migration and exchange caused by collisions. Second, the effective thermal conductivity is calculated locally, which establishes the dependence of thermal conductivity on the local spatial distribution of nanoparticles. It is no doubt that these considerations will make the new model more realistic and accurate. To solve the model efficiently, a stable, accurate and decoupled numerical solver is designed by using the finite element method and characteristic-based split scheme. Numerical results show good accuracy of the proposed model and corresponding solver. In particularly, for the nonuniform nanoparticle distribution, the new method has an incomparable advantage over other methods.

Ciliary peristalsis flow of hydromagnetic Sutterby nanofluid through symmetric channel: Viscous dissipation in case of variable electrical conductivity

Ciliary peristalsis flow of hydromagnetic Sutterby nanofluid through symmetric channel: Viscous dissipation in case of variable electrical conductivity

Numerical simulation of Stephan blowing impacts on thermally laminated 3D flow of MHD trihybrid nanofluid with Soret and Dufour effects

Numerical simulation of Stephan blowing impacts on thermally laminated 3D flow of MHD trihybrid nanofluid with Soret and Dufour effects

Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of Power-law Nanofluid Flow with Thermal Radiation and Joule Heating aspects: Surface Heat Flux Analysis

Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of Power-law Nanofluid Flow with Thermal Radiation and Joule Heating aspects: Surface Heat Flux Analysis

Endothermic and exothermic reactions and stagnation point nanofluid flow over a porous stretched surface with a revised Buongiorno model

Endothermic and exothermic reactions and stagnation point nanofluid flow over a porous stretched surface with a revised Buongiorno model

Artificial intelligence analysis of thermal energy for convectively heated ternary nanofluid flow in radiated channel considering viscous dissipations aspects

Artificial intelligence analysis of thermal energy for convectively heated ternary nanofluid flow in radiated channel considering viscous dissipations aspects

Significance of multiple slips and thermal radiation on heat and mass transfer in MHD Casson nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretching porous sheet with non-uniform heat source and sink

Significance of multiple slips and thermal radiation on heat and mass transfer in MHD Casson nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretching porous sheet with non-uniform heat source and sink

Computational Analysis of Tri-Hybrid Casson Nanofluid Flow in the Conical Gap Between a Rotating Disk and Cone Using Blood as the Base Fluid: An Application to Spinning Devices

Computational Analysis of Tri-Hybrid Casson Nanofluid Flow in the Conical Gap Between a Rotating Disk and Cone Using Blood as the Base Fluid: An Application to Spinning Devices