Flow Division Research Articles

Endograft Specific Haemodynamics After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: Flow Characteristics of Four Stent Graft Systems

The implication of haemodynamics in the occurrence of complications after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been raised in the literature. Different aortic stent graft configurations may lead to different haemodynamic properties. The current study deals with the post-operative haemodynamic variability between four stent graft systems with different structure, material, and type of fixation. Computed tomography data of 32 patients were used, equally distributed among the four endograft groups, namely the AFX, Endurant, Excluder, and Nellix. Velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), and helicity statistics were calculated, in regions around the flow division where disturbances are expected. The haemodynamic data were compared between and within the groups. The morphology of AAAs pre-operatively did not vary significantly among the four groups. Before the flow division, lowest velocity was observed in Endurant cases and highest in Nellix cases. Endurant induced the lowest peak WSS and Nellix the highest (p=.03). The helicity levels were low in AFX and Nellix cases and high in Endurant and Excluder cases. After the flow division, the trend in the results was preserved. Nellix induced the highest velocity and WSS, followed closely by Excluder and AFX. There was a significant increase of helicity before and after flow division in AFX (p <0.001, R2 = 0.09) and Nellix (p <0.001) cases. It has been shown that different types of endografts induce variable haemodynamic conditions around the flow division. The parallel limb structure, featured by Nellix, seems to induce favourable flow conditions in terms of velocity and WSS, while helical flow before the flow division is suppressed. High WSS is generally considered to be a desirable flow characteristic in endovascular devices, whereas helicity extremes (very low or high) are potentially a negative sign. Endurant, with the stiffer material and the short neck structure, was associated with the lowest blood velocity and WSS values but preserved high helicity levels. The AFX and Excluder, which include the same material, induced similar haemodynamic conditions.

Tidal influence on the discharge distribution over the Pearl river Delta, China

The discharge distribution is influenced by the tidal behaviour at tidally affected junctions. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most complicated deltas and highly affected by human interventions. The tides are reinforced by the riverbed downcutting caused by intensive sand dredging in the PRD. While some efforts have been made to interpret flow division at the apex of the delta, little attention has been paid to the role of tides on discharge distribution. A 2D hydrodynamic model covering the entire PRD has been established and applied to quantify the tidal influence on subtidal flow division at the tidal junctions. The discharge asymmetry index is introduced to quantify the subtidal discharge division. The method of factor separation is used to decompose the subtidal discharge into the contributions of tides, river discharge and river-tide interactions. Results indicate that the tides alter the allocation of river discharge over distributary channels in the PRD, especially in the dry season. Generally, the effect of tides is to reduce unequal subtidal flow division that occurs without tides. The tidal influence increases seaward with a maximum value of the order of 110% in the dry season, which indicates that the tidal influence on the flow distribution can overwhelm the impact induced by river discharge only. Sensitivity analyses also demonstrate that the tidal constituent M2 makes the largest contribution on flow division at junctions, followed by K1, O1 and S2. In addition, the tidal influence is more apparent due to the increased water depths caused by long-term and extensive sand excavations.

ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКИЙ РАСЧЁТ КЯРИЗОВ

The article was dedicated to issuing computational formulas for determining the expense and impact distance of underground water-supplies used for irrigation and water supply. The computational formulas have been proposed to determine the expense and impact distance of underground water-supplies on the basis of H.Darsi lav and “division of flow” method used for solving the flow issues to the water-collector and water-carrier devices in underground hydraulics. The proposed formulas can be used in the design of modern underground water-supplies, as well as for the restoration of ancient ones.

Fluid dynamics of oscillatory flow in three-dimensional branching networks

The present study is aimed at understanding and thoroughly documenting the complex unsteady fluid dynamics in six generations of a model human bronchial tree, comprising 63 straight sections and 31 bifurcation modules, during a complete breathing cycle. The computational task is challenging since the complexity of an elaborate network is augmented with adopted stringent criteria for spatial and temporal accuracy and convergence at each time step (10−8 for each scaled residual). The physical understanding of the fluid dynamics of steady expiratory flow is taken to a similar level of fine details that have been previously established for steady inspiratory flow in earlier publications of the authors. The effects of three-dimensional arrangement of the same branches on the oscillatory flow structure are determined. It is found that the quasisteady assumption is approximately valid in the neighborhood of the peak flow rate, both during inspiration and expiration. Unsteady effects are at their maximum during the changeover from expiration to inspiration and inspiration to expiration. At these time instants, regions of bidirectional flow are observed in all branches with significant secondary motion at various cross sections (none of these features can be predicted by steady state simulations). It is described how the symmetry of the solution with respect to both space and time—found in the oscillating, fully developed flow in a pipe—are destroyed in the unsteady effects that occur in the oscillating flow in a branching network. As the Womersley number is increased, the unsteady effects at all branches increase, and bidirectional flow exists over a greater portion of a cycle. The flow division at a bifurcation module during inspiratory flow generates large asymmetry in the flow field with nonuniform mass flow distribution among the branches of a generation (even in a geometrically symmetric network), whereas flow combination at the same bifurcation module during expiratory flow tends to produce more symmetry in the flow field, displaying essential irreversibility of fluid dynamics.

On the two-phase theory of fluidization for Geldart B and D particles

Knowledge of the division of gas flow between the bubble and dense phases is important for modelling and operation of bubbling fluidized beds. The two-phase theory of fluidization, which suggested that the bubble flow rate being equal to the excess gas flow above the incipient fluidization, has been proved to be an overestimation in most cases. While the two-phase theory has been modified by introducing a correction factor (Y), most previous studies were conducted for Geldart Group A powders. In the present work, the contribution to predict the parameter Y for Geldart Group B and D particles has been formulated based on almost all the available experimental data. The experimental results demonstrated that the Y value increases with decreasing particle size or density and increasing excess gas velocity. A new correlation has been developed to estimate the Y value for Geldart Group B and D particlesY=1.72Ar−0.133Ug−Umf0.024with an overall standard deviation of 19%. It only requires the knowledge of Archimedes number and excess gas velocity. This correlation is in reasonable agreement with almost all the available data in literature and the present work.

Characteristics of Tidal Discharge and Phase Difference at a Tidal Channel Junction Investigated Using the Fluvial Acoustic Tomography System

This study investigates the tidal discharge division and phase difference at branches connected to a channel junction. The tidal discharge at three branches (eastern, western, and northern branches) was continuously collected using the fluvial acoustic tomography system (FATS). The discharge asymmetry index was used to quantify the flow division between two seaward branches (eastern and western branches). The cross-wavelet method was applied to calculate the phase difference between the tidal discharge and water level. The discharge asymmetry index shows that the inequality of flow division is obviously prominent during the spring tide duration, where the eastern branch has the capability to deliver greater amounts of subtidal discharge, approximately 55–63%, compared with the western branch. However, the equality of flow division between the eastern and western channels can be observed clearly during the neap tide period. The wavelet analysis shows that the phase difference at the western branch is higher than at the eastern branch, because the geometry of the western branch is more convergent than that of the eastern branch. Accordingly, the amplitude of the tidal wave at the western branch is more magnified compared with that at the eastern branch. Moreover, the phase difference at the northern branch is greater than at the two seaward branches, implying that the phase difference is slightly increased after passing through the junction into the northern branch.

Flow Division Dynamics in the Mekong Delta: Application of a 1D-2D Coupled Model

The Mekong Delta constitutes a complicated multi-channel estuarine system, exchanging water with a delta-wide irrigation system. A 1D–2DH coupled numerical domain is calibrated and validated for water level and discharge during the dry season. This approach benefits from the simplicity of a 1D network within the estuarine and irrigation systems, while maintaining the interaction with the spatial tidal dynamics of the 2DH coastal domain. First, the role of the irrigation system on tidal dynamics is quantified; then, tidal propagation, freshwater budget, and the effect of offshore subtidal water level on discharge division are investigated. The results show that the complex irrigation system, in a friction-like manner, reduces the tidal amplitude up to 25%. The channels aggregate to 1% of the total water volume in the delta, while accommodating up to 10% of the tidal prism. Tidal amplitude reduces upstream, while subtidal water level is highly sensitive to upstream discharge, spring–neap cycles, and wind-generated offshore surge. Although cumulative discharge division within the estuarine network is consistent, temporal discharge division can be significantly sensitive to offshore wind-surge. During the dry season, it can reverse the expected subtidal discharge division within the time-scale of a few days and potentially influence salt intrusion.

JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL LOCATION OF CONNECTION OF THE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SOURCE AND VALUE OF ITS POWER

Goal . To analyze the options for the development of the 110 kV electricity network with sources of distributed generation. Establishing the relationship between power of the source of distributed generation with the voltage changes in the nodes and transformer active power losses change. To provide the minimum value of network active power loss the authors justify the conditions for optimal connection of the source of distributed generation and value of its power. Methodology . The authors have used the DigSilent Power Factory software environment to create a 110 kV network model and have made a series of simulation of the network operating modes with solar power plants. Results . Based on the operational parameters it is established that the change in power generation in the accepted limits normally does not lead to abnormal voltage variations in the nodes, with power losses having characteristic changes due to alterations in the network of power flows. In the network with solar power plants, the transformer losses of active power is reduced with increasing generation power, except for the most remote nodes from the balancing point, in which losses reduction takes place with load of transformers approximately up to 60 %. At significant overloads of transformers (up to 130 %) there is reactive power losses increasing in comparison with losses in the network without solar power plants. The dependence of active power losses in the network on the load of transformers has a nonlinear character). For each node at one value of transformer load the active losses are different. Less reactive power losses occur at lower load ratios of transformer. When increasing the load of transformers, the rate of increase in reactive losses is higher than the active ones. Also for closed networks with voltage of 110 kV it has been found that the optimal node for connecting the distributed generation is a node with a flow division of power. If there are several such nodes in the network, the optimal one for connecting is the node with the maximum load. The optimal power of the solar station in the node should not exceed 110 % of the installed transformer's power. Originality . For the first time the dependence between the place of the best connection source of the distributed generation with the point of flow distribution with the greatest current fraction from network balancing point was established. In this case the power of the source of distributed generation must not exceed 10 % of the total power of the transformers in this node. Practical significance . We have obtained reasonable conditions for connecting source of distributed generation to a closed electric network of 110 kV without performing large volumes of mode calculations. Namely, the optimal connection point is the point of flow distribution with the greatest current fraction from network balancing point.

Optimization schemes for endovascular repair with parallel technique based on hemodynamic analyses.

Endovascular repair with parallel stent-grafts (SG) is a challenging technique that reconstructs the luminal flow pathways by implanting parallel-placed SGs into the vessel. After treatment, occlusion and shifting of the parallel SGs are sometimes reported, which could be fatal and difficult to be re-operated. These issues are highly related to the local hemodynamic conditions in the stented region. In this study, a patient case treated by the octopus endograft technique (a head-SG with three limb-SGs) and experienced limb-SG occlusion is studied. 3-D models are established based on computed tomography (CT) angiography datasets pretreatment and posttreatment as well as during follow-ups. Hemodynamic quantities such as pressure drop, wall shear stress-related parameters, and flow division in limb-SGs and visceral arteries are quantitatively investigated. Optimizations on the length of the head-SG and diameter of the limb-SGs are analyzed based on various scenarios. The results indicate that when reconstructing the flow pathways via octopus stenting, it is important to ensure the flow distribution as physiologically required with this new morphology. Position (or length) of the head-SG and diameter of the limb-SGs play an important role in controlling flow division, and high time average wall shear stress (TAWSS) around the head-SG acts as a main factor for graft immigration. This study, by proposing optimization suggestions with hemodynamic analyses for a specific case, implicates that pretreatment SG scenarios may assist in wise selection and placement of the device and thus may improve long-term effectiveness of this kind of challenging endovascular repair techniques.

Effects of recent morphodynamic evolution on flood regimes in the Pearl River Delta

Both the river network and the regions outside the estuary mouths in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China experienced significant changes from 1999 to 2014. A validated hydrodynamic model across the entire PRD and adjacent regions outside the estuary mouths is employed to simulate both present (circa 2014) and past conditions (circa 1999). The total net water flux of the PRD decreased. The flow division of the West River is increasing, with values of 3.63% and 4.66% for the Makou and Denglongshan sections, respectively. The flood flow division of the North River is correspondingly decreasing. The value of the flood levels significantly decreased (more than 2 m) in the upper portion of the PRD, moderately decreased in the middle of the PRD (more than 1.1 m) and slightly decreased in the bottom part of the PRD (less than 0.22 m). In addition, the effects of morphodynamic evolution in different regions (i.e., the river network, coastline and bathymetry changes outside the estuary mouth) on floods are quantified. The results indicate that the decreased net water flux was caused by the increased channel’s capacity and the gentler water-level profile from the downcutting riverbed of the river network. The uneven morphodynamic evolution of the riverbed of the river network was primarily responsible for changes in the flood flow division in the PRD, and morphological evolution outside the estuary mouth was primarily responsible for reallocation within the outlets. The downcutting riverbed in the river network was primarily responsible for the lower flood levels in the upper and middle portion of the PRD. Reclamation seemed to have barely affected the flood level. The deepening bathymetry outside the estuary mouth was mainly responsible for the decrease in the flood level in the bottom portion of the PRD. The downcutting riverbed may decrease the stability of the riverbank, increasing the flood risk. The morphodynamic evolution of both the river network and the regions outside the estuary mouth should be considered to avoid unwanted side effects when designing local projects and flood mitigation strategies for the PRD.

Local loss model of dividing flow in a bifurcate tunnel with a small angle

To provide a theoretical basis for the flow diversion control of a bifurcate tunnel, the flow separation characteristics and local loss model at the tunnel bifurcation were analyzed by combining numerical simulation and theoretical derivation. The results showed that the sudden change of boundaries interrupts uniform flow when air flows through a tunnel bifurcation, causing changes in flow velocity and direction. When the diversion ratio β is small, the flow is separated on the downstream mainline tunnel sidewall close to the bifurcation point and the ramp sidewall away from bifurcation point; when β is large, the flow is separated on the downstream mainline sidewall away from bifurcation point and the ramp sidewall close to bifurcation point. The local loss on flow division is caused mainly by velocity gradient changes and flow deflection and separation. When the air flux ratio q of the downstream mainline tunnel to that of the ramp is equal to their cross-sectional area ratio ϕ, local loss coefficients are at their minimum; when q>ϕ, the loss coefficients decrease with the increase of β, but the loss coefficient for the ramp increases as the bifurcation angle rises. When q<ϕ, the loss coefficients increase with the increase of β, but the loss coefficient for the ramp declines as the bifurcation angle rises. Finally, a theoretical formula to predict the dividing flow local loss coefficient of a bifurcate tunnel is established based on the airflow deflection angle assumption. The proposed model has a higher precision in prediction than other formulas.

Studies of rational methods of water selection in water intake areas of hydroelectric power plants

Up to 2021, 42 new hydropower stations will be created in Uzbekistan and 32 existing hydropower stations will be repaired. Hydraulic engineering designers face a number of problems with the open flow division nodes in the field, which are part of the hydraulic structures of such hydropower plants. Considering the above, the main objectives of the research were determined: a) development of a refined method for the hydraulic calculation of flow division nodes with a quiet flow regime; b) the development of methods for predicting deformation of the channel in the area of the division node. The studies were carried out using theoretical and experimental studies using the equation for changing the amount of movement, laboratory studies on a hydraulic model, field surveys of existing water intake nodes, as well as analysis of experimental data available in the literature on this issue. Based on the theoretical and experimental studies, recommendations were made for the open flow division nodes. These recommendations are valid for division nodes at a division angle not exceeding 90°, for prismatic channels of rectangular cross section with relatively small bottom slopes. These recommendations are intended for flows with values of B / H = 3 ÷7.

Intra-tidal division of flow and suspended sediment at the first order junction of the Pearl River Network

At tidal junctions, flow, sediment, and, indirectly, flooding risk are distributed over the downstream river branches. To characterize the hydrodynamic pattern related to the transport and distribution of suspended sediment, an intra-tidal field measurement was conducted at the first order tidal junction in the Pearl River Network, Makou-Sanshui (MK-SS), which was the first order junction and the apex of the delta. Two 13h boat-mounted ADCP surveys were implemented and 468 water samples were taken synchronously across three cross sections at wet and dry seasons during the spring tide. Observed spatiotemporal velocities were applied to elucidate the intra-tidal flow pattern in the tidal junction, and the acoustical backscatter intensity collected by ADCP was the inverse of the cross-sectional suspended sediment concentration (SSC). Additionally, vertical profiles of velocity and SSC allowed us to fit the lateral distribution of shear velocity and Rouse number, respectively. From these, we obtained the spatiotemporal variations of settling velocity, which then made it possible to interpret the time lag between flow and suspended sediment. Intra-tidal substance exchange, including flow flux produced by tidal wave and net suspended sediment, was inferred by Stokes transport, integrating axial velocities and the SSC. As a consequence of tidal impact, the flow processes of MK and SS were out of phase by 1–1.5 h. As the connecting channel of MK and SS, Ganggen (GG) experienced more frequent substance exchange, displaying a significant difference in flow pattern. A substantial clockwise secondary flow field was detected during the intra-tidal survey at GG, which was affected by the curved channel. This phenomenon was related to the cross-sectional distribution of SSC. Furthermore, the intra-tidal transport of suspended sediment exhibited an inverse direction during the wet and dry seasons. Sediment during the dry season favoured delivery from MK to SS, while it displayed an opposite trend during the wet season. The results reveal the pattern of intra-tidal partitioning of flow and sediment at tidal junctions.

Fast or Slow Rescue Ventilations: A Predictive Model of Gastric Inflation.

Rescue ventilations are given during respiratory and cardiac arrest. Tidal volume must assure oxygen delivery; however, excessive pressure applied to an unprotected airway can cause gastric inflation, regurgitation, and pulmonary aspiration. The optimal technique provides mouth pressure and breath duration that minimize gastric inflation. It remains unclear if breath delivery should be fast or slow, and how inflation time affects the division of gas flow between the lungs and esophagus. A physiological model was used to predict and compare rates of gastric inflation and to determine ideal ventilation duration. Gas flow equations were based on standard pulmonary physiology. Gastric inflation was assumed to occur whenever mouth pressure exceeded lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Mouth pressure profiles that approximated mouth-to-mouth ventilation and bag-valve-mask ventilation were investigated. Target tidal volumes were set to 0.6 and 1.0 L. Compliance and airway resistance were varied. Rapid breaths shorter than 1 s required high mouth pressures, up to 25 cm H2O to achieve the target lung volume, which thus promotes gastric inflation. Slow breaths longer than 1 s permitted lower mouth pressures but increased time over which airway pressure exceeded lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The gastric volume increased with breath durations that exceeded 1 s for both mouth pressure profiles. Breath duration of ∼1.0 s caused the least gastric inflation in most scenarios. Very low esophageal sphincter pressure favored a shift toward 0.5 s. High resistance and low compliance each increased gastric inflation and altered ideal breath times. The model illustrated a general theory of optimal rescue ventilation. Breath duration with an unprotected airway should be 1 s to minimize gastric inflation. Short pressure-driven and long duration-driven gastric inflation regimens provide a unifying explanation for results in past studies.

A new flexible geothermal based cogeneration system producing power and refrigeration

Abstract A new cooling/power cogeneration system is proposed, analyzed and optimized from the viewpoints of thermoeconomics. The system uses geothermal water as a heat source and ammonia-water solution as a working fluid. It is an internally interacting combination of a modified Kalina and an absorption refrigeration cycles. A sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the influences of important parameters on the exergeoconomic performance of the system prior to optimizing its performance. It is shown that the mass flow division at the condenser exit plays an important role on the system performance. The optimization is performed for maximum exergy efficiency (case1), and minimum total product unit cost (case2). The results show that the total product unit cost for case 2 is around 17% lower than that for case 1 at the expense of 11.8% reduction in the second law efficiency. Similarly, it is observed that the second law efficiency for case 1 is around 13.4% higher than that for case 2 at the expense of 20.52% increase in the total product unit cost. It is found that, under studied conditions, the highest exergy efficiency and the lowest total product unit cost for system are obtained as 34.8% and $24.5/GJ, respectively.

Дискриминация состава проб при их дозировании в капиллярные колонки с делением потока. Неожиданные проявления известного эффекта

Дискриминация состава проб при их дозировании в капиллярные колонки с делением потока. Неожиданные проявления известного эффекта

Исламдағы ағымға бөлінушілік факторлары мен оларды жіктеу мәселелері және оның Қазақстан қоғамына әсері

Исламдағы ағымға бөлінушілік факторлары мен оларды жіктеу мәселелері және оның Қазақстан қоғамына әсері

Mechanization for Optimal Landscape Reclamation

Reclamation is a method of ultimate utilization of land adversely affected by mining or other industrial activity. The paper explains the types of reclamation and the term “optimal reclamation”. Technological options of the long-lasting process of mine dumps reclamation starting with the removal of overlying rocks, transport and backfilling up to the follow-up remodelling of the mine dumps terrain. Technological units and equipment for stripping flow division. Stripping flow solution with respect to optimal reclamation.We recommend that the application of logistic chains and mining simulation with follow-up reclamation to open-pit mines be used for the implementation of optimal reclamation. In addition to a database of local heterogeneities of the stripped soil and reclaimed land, the flow of earths should be resolved in a manner allowing the most suitable soil substrate to be created for the restoration of agricultural and forest land on mine dumps.The methodology under development for the solution of a number of problems, including the geological survey of overlying rocks, extraction of stripping, their transport and backfilling in specified locations with the follow-up deployment of goal-directed reclamation. It will make possible to reduce the financial resources needed for the complex process chain by utilizing GIS, GPS and DGPS technologies, logistic tools and synergistic effects. When selecting machines for transport, moving and spreading of earths, various points of view and aspects must be taken into account. Among such aspects are e.g. the kind of earth to be operated by the respective construction machine, the kind of work activities to be performed, the machine’s capacity, the option to control the machine’s implement and economic aspects and clients’ requirements. All these points of view must be considered in the decision-making process so that the selected machine is capable of executing the required activity and that the use of an unsuitable machine is eliminated as it would result in a delay and increase in the project costs. Therefore, reclamation always includes extensive earth-moving work activities restoring the required relief of the land being reclaimed. Using the earth-moving machine capacity, the kind of soil in mine dumps, the kind of the work activity performed and the machine design, a SW application has been developed that allows the most suitable machine for the respective work technology to be selected with a view to preparing the land intended for reclamation.

Vessel calibre and flow splitting relationships at the internal carotid artery terminal bifurcation

Objective: Vessel lumen calibres and flow rates are thought to be related by mathematical power laws, reflecting the optimization of cardiac versus metabolic work. While these laws have been confirmed indirectly via measurement of branch calibres, there is little data confirming power law relationships of flow distribution to branch calibres at individual bifurcations. Approach: Flow rates and diameters of parent and daughter vessels of the internal carotid artery terminal bifurcation were determined, via robust and automated methods, from 4D phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and 3D rotational angiography of 31 patients. Main results: Junction exponents were 2.06 ± 0.44 for relating parent to daughter branch diameters (geometrical exponent), and 2.45 ± 0.75 for relating daughter branch diameters to their flow division (flow split exponent). These exponents were not significantly different, but showed large inter- and intra-individual variations, and with confidence intervals excluding the theoretical optimum of 3. Power law fits of flow split versus diameter ratio and pooled flow rates versus diameters showed exponents of 2.17 and 1.96, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between age and the geometrical exponent (r = −0.55, p = 0.003) but not the flow split exponent. We also found a dependence of our results on how lumen diameter is measured, possibly explaining some of the variability in the literature. Significance: Our study confirms that, on average, division of flow to the middle and anterior cerebral arteries is related to these vessels’ relative calibres via a power law, but it is closer to a square law than a cube law as commonly assumed.

A dual fast and slow feature interaction in biologically inspired visual recognition of human action

Computational neuroscience studies have examined the human visual system through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and identified a model where the mammalian brain pursues two independent pathways for recognizing biological movement tasks. On the one hand, the dorsal stream analyzes the motion information by applying optical flow, which considers the fast features. On the other hand, the ventral stream analyzes the form information with slow features. The proposed approach suggests that the motion perception of the human visual system comprises fast and slow feature interactions to identify biological movements. The form features in the visual system follow the application of the active basis model (ABM) with incremental slow feature analysis (IncSFA). Episodic observation is required to extract the slowest features, whereas the fast features update the processing of motion information in every frame. Applying IncSFA provides an opportunity to abstract human actions and use action prototypes. However, the fast features are obtained from the optical flow division, which gives an opportunity to interact with the system as the final recognition is performed through a combination of the optical flow and ABM-IncSFA information and through the application of kernel extreme learning machine. Applying IncSFA into the ventral stream and involving slow and fast features in the recognition mechanism are the major contributions of this research. The two human action datasets for benchmarking (KTH and Weizmann) and the results highlight the promising performance of this approach in model modification.