Flora Of Turkey Research Articles

Pentanema divaricatum Cass. (Inuleae, Asteraceae), Türkiye Florası İçin Yeni Bir Kayıt

Pentanema divaricatum species was collected from Arıcak (Elazığ) district in Turkey and it was given a new record for the Flora of Turkey. The description, details photographs and distribution maps of this new record are also given.

Scutellaria columnae All. (Lamiaceae), a new record for the flora of Turkey

Plant specimens belonging to the Scutellaria genus of the Lamiaceae family were collected from Zonguldak (Ereğli), Bolu (Gölcük), Bartın (Ulus-Uluyayla), Kastamonu (Azdavay-Cide) and Sinop (Ayancık) provinces in the north of Turkey between 2018-2021. The collected plant samples were dried in accordance with herbarium techniques. After detailed herbarium studies and literature reviews, it was determined that this species does not take place in the flora of Turkey, and it is Scutellaria columnae All. With this new record added to the Scutellaria genus in our country, the number of taxa belonging to this genus in Turkey has increased to 41. In this study, there are descriptions, detailed photographs, and distribution areas of Scutellaria columnae, as a new species record for Turkey. With new studies to be carried out in different regions, it is thought that new endemic, natural and invasive species records will be added to the floristic richness of our country, which has not been fully revealed yet.

New Records of Desmids from Blanket Bogs in Turkey

Abstract Peatlands are one of the globally important ecosystems. Blanket bogs are a type of peatlands where water is generally supplied by meteorological events (rain, snow). We have been conducting the first detailed algal flora study of blanket bogs of Turkey and found new records of algae genera ever given for Turkey. Here, we report a total of four desmids genera identified as new records for freshwater algal flora of Turkey: Spirotaenia (Spirotaenia condensata, Spirotaenia erythrocephala), Mesotaenium (Mesotaenium macrococcum), Hyalotheca (Hyalotheca dissiliens), and Bambusina (Bambusina borreri). Their ecological habitat is also discussed to highlight the importance of protection and sustainability of these unique areas.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Sideritis lanata L. extracts

Sideritis L. (Lamiaceae) is represented by 45 species in Flora of Turkey. Sideritis lanata L. (Hairy ironwort) is located in the north-west, west, south-west and central Anatolia. Mountain tea (Sideritis plants) is used as a traditional remedy against common cold and gastrointestinal disorders. Its beneficial properties are attributed to its rich bioactive constituents. In this study, the antioxidant activities of the extracts of Sideritis lanata prepared using different solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol) from the aerial parts were determined by DPPH· scavenging effect assay. Also; determined of the antimicrobial activity of S. lanata extracts against 4 bacteria and 5 Candida species. Dried aerial parts of Sideritis were subjected to hydrodistillation and the oil obtained was analyzed by using GC and GC/MS. S. lanata extracts prepared with 70% ethanol was found to have a higher DPPH· scavenging activity (IC50= 0.241 mg/mL) than extracts prepared with other solvents. All extracts showed generally weak inhibitory effects (500-8000 μg/mL, MIC) against bacterial strains. Inhibitory doses against the tested Candida species were determined between 125-4000 μg/mL. The 70% ethanol extract of S. lanata inhibited Candida tropicalis (ATCC 750) (MIC: 125 μg/mL).

The determination of the taxonomic position of Peucedanum arenarium subsp. neumayeri and subsp. urbani in Turkey

In this study, the taxonomic status of two subspecies of Peucedanum arenarium grown in Turkey, subsp urbani and subsp. neumayeri were investigated. There are no ripe fruits of this subspecies in the flora of Turkey. In fact, P. arenarium subsp. neumayeri has been misdiagnosed in the flora of Turkey because it is not a ripe fruit. When we looked at the ripe fruit of the plant we collected from the type locality, it was determined that this species was actually Johneria tortusa. P. arenarium subsp. urbani plant samples were collected by us for the first time and morphological, anatomical, DNA sequence analysis and SEM studies were carried out. Molecular (ITS nrDNA sequences), morphological and especially microcarpological data were determined. As a result, in Turkey, P. arenarium subsp. neumayeri is absent. It is true that the P. arenarium subsp urbani species is transferred as Taeniopetalum urbani.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Fruits and Vegetables Grown in Turkey: Quantitative Analysis, Dietary Exposure, and Health Risk Assessment

The quantitative analysis, dietary exposure, and health risks of four European Union (4EU) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4) were investigated in different varieties of vegetables in Turkey. PAH congeners were analyzed by an in house validated HPLC method. Low amounts of PAHs were detected in all examined vegetables. The leafy vegetables showed higher contamination among all types of vegetables. The sum of PAH4 (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene) levels of leafy vegetables such as broccoli and cauliflower were determined as 0.77 and 0.59 μg/kg, respectively. The peels were found to be more contaminated than the cores in root and fruit vegetables. Among the root vegetables, maximum PAH4 concentration was found 0.73 μg/kg in potato peel. The highest level of individual PAH in all vegetables examined was Benz[a]anthracene (BaA), and its value was 0.38 ± 0.16 μg/kg in cauliflower. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the most representative of the carcinogenic PAHs, was most commonly detected in all samples. Benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) and chrysene (CHR) showed relatively lower levels in all studied samples. Human dietary exposure to PAH by consumption of the fruits and vegetables was determined considering the estimated daily intake. The study revealed that the estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk indicates a low health risk for children and adult consumers. The present paper is the first attempt concerning quantitative analysis and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fruits and vegetables grown in Turkey.

Pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits from Istanbul by LC-MS/MS

Selected pesticide active ingredients are used in various stages of production of fruits and vegetables in Turkey for the purpose of pest control. Due to their harm to humans, animals and the environment, pesticide active ingredients and their residue limits were determined by legal regulations. The aim of this study was to determine and highlight the pesticide residue risk in fruits and vegetables sold in markets and greengrocers and widely consumed in Istanbul, one of the most populated cities in Turkey. 393 pesticide active ingredients in 100 fruit and vegetable samples (tomatoes, green peppers, cucumbers, strawberries and apples in total) were screened using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation method. The mean recoveries of the pesticides were between 76.5 % and 115.5 %, LOQ for them was 0.01 mg kg-1. Pesticide residue was detected in 43% of the samples. A total of 7 (7%) samples contained pesticide residues above maximum residue limit (MRL). While pesticide residues were detected above MRL in tomato, strawberry and cucumber samples; no pesticide residues were found above MRL in pepper and apple samples. In the samples analyzed, 42 different pesticide residues were detected, the most detected pesticide active substance in the samples examined was Acetamiprid. Phorate Sulfone, one of the banned pesticides, was detected in a strawberry sample.

Correction: Molecular and agromorphological characterization of Cornus mas L. genotypes in the flora of Turkey

Correction: Molecular and agromorphological characterization of Cornus mas L. genotypes in the flora of Turkey

Notes On A Rare Species From Turkey: Opopanax chironius

The first Turkish record of Opopanax chironius (L.) W.D.J. Koch was firstly collected from Tekirdağ province in 1969. The morphological description of the species in “Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands” was written based on these specimens. The species has not been collected for along time untilday. This species was re-collected by us during a flora study in 2014 at Malkara district, Karaiğdemir Dam road in Tekirdağ. The name of this species was mispelled. This situation has been corrected here. Its correct use is Opopanax chironius. Also, in this study, expanded description of the species, pictures, disdictive morphological characters from other species, ecology, fruit photographs and ethnobotanical usage were given.

Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement of flora of Turkey X

The 10th in the checklist series, this "Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey", contains 225 taxa from 193 manuscripts published between January 2019 and December 2021. These taxa are not found in any of the other 11 volumes of ‘Flora of Turkey' nor in the nine previously published check-lists. The following taxa are now added to the Turkish flora as a result of this paper: 180 taxa new to science and 45 taxa with new records for the Turkish flora.

Molecular and agromorphological characterization of Cornus mas L. genotypes in the flora of Turkey

Molecular and agromorphological characterization of Cornus mas L. genotypes in the flora of Turkey

Integration of in vitro and in silico approaches to assess three Astragalus species from Turkey flora: A novel spotlight from lab bench to functional applications

Members of the genus Astragalus have a great interest as a source of natural bioactive compounds on a scientific platform. To provide multidirectional insights into three Astragalus species (A. setulosus, A. anthylloides, and A. ovalis), the current work focused on the chemical characterization and biological properties of their extracts (aerial parts and roots). The chemical characterization of the extracts was detected by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The biological properties were evaluated by antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic parameters. Assays for radical quenching, reducing capacity, and metal chelation were also used to evaluate antioxidant properties. To test the enzyme inhibitory effects of the extracts, cholinesterases, tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase were utilized as target enzymes. Two cancer cell lines, (MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) and HeLa (Human cervix cancer cell line), were selected to evaluate cytotoxic effects. Generally, 5- caffeoylquinic acid (2.43–283.92 μg/g extract), hyperoside (4.33–216.22 μg/g extract) and rutin (1.09–184.98 μg/g extract) were the main constituents. The extracts from aerial parts and roots of A. anthylloides showed stronger radical scavenging and reducing power abilities compared to A. setulosus and A. ovalis. The best AChE and BChE inhibitory effects were determined in the aerial parts of A. setulosus (2.18 mg GALAE/g) and roots of A. ovalis (4.76 mg GALAE/g), respectively. The extracts of A. ovalis had the highest tyrosinase inhibitory abilities. The extract from aerial parts of A. setulosus showed stronger cytotoxic effects compared to other extracts. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the presence of some compounds (resveratrol, p-coumaric, 5-caffeoylquinic, and ferulic acids, etc) was linked to the observed biological activities. Molecular docking was also provided for the possible interaction of enzymes as well as protein targets of the tested cell lines. Our findings provide a scientific basis for the Astragalus species, which may serve as a source of naturally occurring bioactive compounds for health-promoting applications.

Kaçkar Dağları Milli Park’ından (Rize/Türkiye) yeni desmid kayıtları

The periphytic algal samples were taken from 14 lakes and one pond in the Kaçkar Mountains National Park in 2020. The samples were observed under light microscope for their morphometric characteristics based identification. At the end of the research, 78 taxa belonging to the Charophyta division were identified. 7 of them, which are Closterium jenneri var. curvatissimum (West & G.S.West) A.J.Brook & D.B.Williamson, Cosmarium margaritiferum f. regularis (Nordstedt) West & G.S.West, Euastrum ansatum var. concavum Willi Krieger, E. verrucosum var. coarctatum Delponte, E. verrucosum var. planctonicum West & G.S.West, Staurastrum capitulum Brébisson and S. sexcostatum Brébisson ex Ralfs, were determined as new records for the desmid flora of Turkey. In this paper, morphotaxonomy, ecology, and distribution of each species are discussed in detail and it has been also recorded the geographic distribution of desmid species in Turkey.

Contributions to the Lichen flora of Turkey: New records from Eastern Anatolia (Van province)

Abstract Our field research in Van province during 2008–2009 resulted in collection of 3766 lichen samples from 55 sites, and identification of 229 lichen taxa, including two subspecies and three varieties, in 108 genera of Ascomycota. We found 182 new records for Van province. These include four new records for Turkey, namely Bibbya ruginosa, Buellia subalbula, Caloplaca tenuatula and Rimularia gibbosa. Lists of species and collection sites are provided. Acarospora (11 species), Lecidea (9 species), Verrucaria (8 species), Caloplaca, Physcia and Rinodina (7 species for each), and Aspicilia, Lecanora and Polyozosia (6 species for each) are the genera richest in species in the study area. Of the identified species, 163 are crustose, 43 are foliose, 7 are fruticose, 13 are squamulose and 3 are leprose. 101 species colonise on calcareous rocks, 86 on siliceous rocks, 23 on various trees (epiphytic), 10 on soil, 12 on moss and 17 on other lichens (lichenicolous). Sites 16, 19 are the richest with 55 identified taxa, followed by sites 52, 34, and 6 with 51, 49 and 44 taxa, respectively. The poorest sites are 40 and 42 with 6 identified taxa, followed by sites 5, 7, and 21 with 8, 8, and 9 taxa, respectively.

Evaluation of the Existence of a New Race of Bremia lactucae on Lettuce

Lettuce is one of the most consumed leafy vegetables in Turkey. The production of lettuce has been to get difficult due to infestation of cultivation areas with Bremia lactucae. This pathogen is genetically very variable. Pathogenic variation of B. lactucae has not been studied yet in Turkey. The objective of this study was to monitore the races of B. lactucae in the two geographic regions of Turkey. During the lettuce growing season in May and October 2018, totally 72 diseased leaf samples containing B. lactucae sporangia were collected from the fields of Bartın and Ankara provinces. From these samples 6 isolates were obtained. After a multiplication procedure, in which the susceptible lettuce cultivar 'Green Towers' was used, the B. lactucae sporangia were inoculated in differentiating lettuce cultivars. The response of the lettuce seedlings to pathogen was evaluated on the 7, 11 and 14 days after inoculation. The qualitative method was used for the assessment of infected seedlings. Sextet codes of Ankara and Bartın isolates were found as 44-00-01 and 13-03-04 respectively. The sextet codes of Turkish isolates did not match any of the present 37 races of B. lactucae. This result suggests that our isolates may be new races or pathotypes.

Anadolu'dan yeni floristik kayıtlar (B5): Seyfe Gölü Tabiat Koruma Alanı

In this research, the study of "Flora of Seyfe Lake (Kırşehir) Nature Protection Area", which is the doctoral thesis of the author, was used. Seyfe Lake is one of the important wetlands due to the ecosystem characteristics it carries.By evaluating 874 plant samples collected in the research area, 65 families, 237 genera, 383 species, 3 subspecies and 2 varieties were determined. The total number of taxa is 388. 52 species are endemic to Turkey. In the study, 16 taxa (B5) belonging to the families in the 10 volumes of the Flora of Turkey published so far were evaluated as new records. The results of this research are based on the examination of the collected plant sample, field observations, and the compilation of literature information on the subject. The research area, which is located in the center of Central Anatolia, is phytogeographically located in the Iran-Turan region.

Türkiye’nin Yabancı Florasına Bir Katkı: Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Balsaminaceae)

During a few decades, rapidly increasing number of studies have documented about the spread and expansion of alien plant species all over the world. These species are either introduced intentionally or unintentionally outside of their natural ranges. Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Balsaminaceae) introduced in Europe intentionally as garden and nectar-producing plant but later it was spread and became a highly invasive annual species in many parts of Europe. This species was collected from outside of gardens in two close localities in Giresun (Turkey). So, we reported it as a new alien vascular plant for the Flora of Turkey. As well, the description together with Turkish name and photographs of the taxon are presented in the present study.

New Records for The Turkish Freshwater Algal Flora in Twenty-five River Basins of Turkey, Part II: Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria, Euglenozoa

Turkish lakes which have different morphometry and hydrology, have a great potential that supports distinct algal diversity as a result of different climate types and geographical variation (latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal gradients). However, the algal flora of Turkey has not been completed, and the number of new taxa has increased due to new studies in Turkey. This study aims to describe new planktonic algal taxa for the Turkish freshwater algal flora. A total of 330 Chlorophyta, 164 Cyanobacteria and 187 Euglenozoa taxa were determined in a study conducted from 2017 to 2019 in 275 lakes of 25 river basins of Turkey. During this study, 116 Chlorophyta, 41 Cyanobacteria, and 81 Euglenozoa were found new records for the freshwater algal flora of Turkey.

Molecular Phylogeny of Some Geophytes Taxa from Turkey; Systematic Approaches

To determine the evolutionary relationships among some members of geophytes collected from their natural habitat in Kulp-Diyarbakır we carried out molecular phylogenetic analysis of one nuclear DNA (nrDNA) region (internal transcribed spacer, ITS) and one chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) region (intergenic spacer region of trnL-F). Despite phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood done by two different DNA source show some differences it was identified that monocotyl petaloid taxa differ from dicotyledone geophyte ones. Also both phylogenetic trees reveal that Serapias, Anacamptis, Cephalanthera, Himanthoglossum and Dactylorhiza are nested in Orchis. Therefore the infraspecific relationships of these genera should be re-evaluated according to our molecular phylogenetic study results. Dicotyl geophyts show molecular phylogeny in accordance with the classical systematic order in Flora of Turkey and reveal the accuracy of interspecific and infraspecific distinctions of these taxa.

Use of Thymbra Species Spreading in the Flora of Turkey for Medicinal Purposes

Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences Use of Thymbra Species Spreading in the Flora of Turkey for Medicinal Purposes Cenk Pasa* Deparments of Plant and Animal Production, Balikesir University, Turkey *Corresponding author: Cenk Pasa, Balikesir University, Altinoluk Vocational School, Deparments of Plant and Animal Production, Meidicnal and Aromatical Plant Programme, Altinoluk, Edremit, Balikesir, Turkey Submission: December 13, 2021Published: January 21, 2022 DOI: 10.31031/RMES.2022.09.000718 ISSN: 2576-8816Volume9 Issue4