Flexible Use Research Articles

Concepts for selection and utilization of psychiatric medications in pregnancy.

Psychiatric illness may develop or relapse during pregnancy, and understanding best practices is paramount. In 2017, the British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP) consensus guidance on the use of psychotropic medication preconception, in pregnancy, and postpartum was released. The BAP guidelines provide concise evidence and additional insight and flexibility for use of psychiatric medication. Key takeaways of these guidelines are highlighted serving as a concise reference for practitioners. Additionally, practice points, such as recommendations for rapid tranquilization and the role of long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications as well as additional insights to the growing body of literature associated with psychiatric medications in pregnancy since 2017 are summarized. Providers are strongly encouraged to stay up to date to provide optimal care for pregnant patients and their babies.

Multifactorial stress reactivity to virtual TSST-C in healthy children and adolescents—It works, but not as well as a real TSST-C

A virtual version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) has been increasingly used in stress research. Benefits of the virtual TSST include that it is more economical, and offers improved control of context and enhanced flexibility of use. Many studies have confirmed the applicability of virtual TSSTs in stress research, but only in adulthood. In the present study, we aimed to experimentally verify the transferability of a virtual TSST to adolescence. A total of 73 healthy adolescents (aged 11–17 years) of both sexes completed either a real (IV-TSST-C) or virtual (VR-TSST-C) TSST for children. The surveyed stress parameters included salivary cortisol and alpha amylase concentrations, heart rate, heart rate variability, and subjective stress ratings across test sessions, as well as a pre- to post-TSST-C comparison. All parameters revealed significant stress responses over time. We observed significant effects of group on cortisol and subjective stress ratings, with the VR-TSST-C inducing less stress than the IV-TSST-C. In alpha amylase, heart rate, and heart rate variability, we found no significant difference between TSST versions, but only significant equivalence for alpha amylase. Some parameters may have been influenced by an expectancy effect and the participant’s sex. In conclusion, among adolescents, a virtual TSST-C effectively elicits stress at multiple levels (endocrinological, autonomic, and subjective); however, the magnitude is not always comparable to with the real TSST-C, which should be considered when applied.

Advances in Functionalized Applications of Graphene‐Based Wearable Sensors in Healthcare

AbstractGraphene has earned significant attention in the present world due to its light weight and extremely good conductive properties, which are used in different functional materials and smart devices. With skyrocketing demand, wearable sensors are evolving with many essential functionalities and flexibility in use. Moreover, wearable sensors can show some marvelous activities easily when they are incorporated with different nanomaterials and two‐dimensional (2D) materials. Therefore, after the immense effort and diligence of scientists over the years, wearable sensors can successfully exhibit numerous potential applications, such as motion detection, artificial intelligence, prosthetic skin, intelligent robotics, and human‐machine interface and interaction. With the rapid development of flexible, perceptible electrical devices, graphene‐based wearable sensors play an eminent role in healthcare. In this work, a comprehensive overview of recent research on wearable sensors and integrated systems for various sections of healthcare is demonstrated. Along with discussing the basic properties of graphene and the fabrication methods for graphene‐based wearable sensors, this work can help the scientists address them and set a projection for future studies. Wearable graphene‐based sensors have great potential to make healthcare facilities more accessible and enhance the quality of sensing activities, which has enormous implications for the future of healthcare.

An investigation of universal design (UD) features in Indian household products.

Universal design (UD) is a beneficial concept for better accessible design to improve easy approachability and industry-standard products. Specifically, Indian household products require UD features in domains such as bathroom and toilet, furniture, kitchen utilities, and home appliances. Among household product design in India, a lack of understanding of the product's universality might be a constraint for product designers. Also, there are no studies assessing the UD features of Indian household products. (1) To examine the UD feature of Indian household products against the seven principles of UD; (2) To determine the most lacking UD feature among Indian household products; and (3) To find out the Indian household categories (i.e., bathroom and toilet, furniture, kitchen utilities, and home appliances) which are most lacking in UD performance. The UD features were evaluated using a standardized questionnaire, which contains 29 questions on UD principles and general questions (gender, education level, age and house characteristics). Using statistical packages, the data were computed for mean and frequency distribution, as well as analyzed to achieve the objectives. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for comparative analyses. The results indicate that the "flexibility in use" and "perceptible information" principles were lacking among the Indian household products. Also, bathroom and toilet and furniture household products were most lacking in UD performance. The findings of this research will enlighten the insights into the usefulness, usability, safety, and marketability of Indian household products. In addition, they will be helpful in promoting UD features and obtaining financial benefits from the Indian market.

Optimasi Antena Mikrostrip 915 MHz Substrat Jeans Patch Slot Persegi Menggunakan CST Studio

Microstrip antennas using jeans substrates have advantages in ease of manufacture, flexibility of use because they are flexible and fashionable, and are very suitable for application in telemedicine devices with the application of Industrial, Scientific and Medical or ISM frequency bands. In this study, the use of a microstrip antenna with a textile substrate was designed with CST studio simulation software to obtain antenna performance according to the expected working frequency, namely at a frequency of 915Mhz. From the results of the initial calculations and design, the patch size obtained is 172,817mm for the patch width value and 126,7476mm for the patch length value. In testing the vswr value, the vswr value is at a value of 14 before optimization and 1.2 after optimization. In testing the S parameter value, it produces a reading of -23 after optimizing the initial value of -3.7 db. The impedance value recorded is 50ohm from the previous value of 47.4ohm so that it is in accordance with the output impedance characteristics originating from Loa915 mhz.

Scenario Evaluation of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells Integrated with Local Renewable Energy Sources: Assessment of Different Coupling Applications

Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs) are a technology that is currently considered more and more crucial in the present and future world energy scenarios, mainly thanks to their high efficiencies and flexibility of use. One of their most interesting characteristics is their reversibility: such systems are able to work as fuel cells (thus generate heat and power from a wide variety of fuels) or electrolysers (producing hydrogen or even synthetic fuel, when in co-electrolysis mode) in a single unitized system. In addition, thanks to the high operating temperature, SOCs are able to reach higher efficiencies than conventional electrolysers or fuel cells.Moreover, as mentioned above, the possibility to operate SOCs devices in co-electrolysis mode makes them suitable in possible integration/retrofitting solutions with industrial applications, especially if power is generated by Renewable Energy Sources (RES).This is why SOCs could play a decisive role in decarbonizing the stationary CHP (Combined Heat and Power), residential and industrial sectors, considering their wide power range (from less than 1 kWe up to the order of MWe) and their potential in CO2 capture (production of synthetic fuels in co-electrolysis mode). At the same time, they can provide a higher flexibility of the grid in terms of energy storage, oftentimes an issue because of the fluctuation of the power produced, caused by the nature of RES themselves.This work is focused on the analysis of the integration of reversible SOCs in several end-use application scenarios, all in presence of RES systems.Firstly, a thorough research on RES power generation in Italy has been carried out, whose main objective was to quantify the amount of power produced by RES, such as photovoltaics (PV), Wind, Biogas and Hydropower, with respect to the total energy production, in order to evaluate the penetration of RES in each of the zones Italy has been divided into. The research also includes a temporal distribution analysis of power produced by RES.Secondly, the syngas and hydrogen demands all over the Italian territory were assessed.A performance parameter is assigned to every power production source and to the demand for gas (syngas or hydrogen). Such parameter (a number on a scale from 0 to 10) is an indicator of the production from a specific source (or the demand for a specific gas) in a given area (0 representing no production/demand, 10 representing extremely high production/demand).A matrix for each investigated area has been built. It reports the product of the performance parameter of every RES (reported on the columns of the matrix) and the performance parameter assigned to every gas (on the rows of the matrix). The aim of this approach is to evaluate the most suitable macro-scenarios where SOCs can play a major role.The results of the work were an in-depth analysis of the possible case studies, for which the implementation of reversible SOCs at different scales (order of kW, order of hundreds of kW, order of MW) could be convenient. Consequently, the applications identified are those in which both electrical power and syngas/hydrogen supply are demanded.A preliminary high-level simulation of the reversible SOC systems in these scenarios were carried out: their use as electrolysers or fuel cells is handled in order to respectively avoid RES curtailment (when RES production exceeds demand), and increase the efficiency of the system (when RES production cannot match demand).Applications with high level of thermal integration have been favoured, taking into account CHP solutions. Special attention was dedicated to areas with higher RES curtailment rate, in order to minimize the waste of clean energy production. Figure 1

Cardiac CT: State of the art and future scenarios

Computed tomography of the heart (CCT) has become an effective tool in different clinical contexts.
 The development of the technology has led to a progressive expansion of the indications with a concomitant reduction of the radiation dose necessary for the execution of the investigation.Computed tomography (CT) is, in fact, destined to consolidate as a pillar of cardiovascular diagnostics for a number of practical reasons.
 These include the robustness and reproducibility of performance, the fairly low cost compared to magnetic resonance imaging, the great flexibility of use that puts it at the center of multifunctional diagnostic structures.
 To this is added the fact that with each new generation of computed tomography devices the real and potentialapplications expand further

Approaches to the increasing linguistic diversity in Greek and Polish classrooms: Different contexts with similar problems

The paper discusses key educational issues related to the processes of decision-making and continuous teacher development at the level of the national (educational) authorities in Greece and Poland, regarding the urgency of the needs arising from the intensifying migration in the EU over the last two decades, and in view of the research conducted within the MaMLiSE project. The paper begins by reporting the official decisions and policies which laid the grounds for tackling the considerable linguistic variety that now characterises the school populations in each country, caused by the phenomenon of migration, and with refugee flows included. In addition, country-specific methods and resources used to produce educational materials for pupils from a migration background are presented. Finally, the available educational materials and their suitability to the specificity of each country’s current educational conditions are discussed. The concluding remarks are that a strong need is currently emerging for 1) nominating key-points in the pre- and in-service training of teachers with regard to multilingual classroom management, intercultural awareness and language sensitive subject teaching, 2) extrapolating common features necessary for the production of educational material (e.g. adaptability to new conditions, ease and flexibility of use in class, allowing translanguaging practices), and 3) negotiating shared educational principles (e.g. assessment framework, constructive use of language heritages at schools).

Experimental analysis on the exploding wire process for nanopowder production: Influence of initial energy and exploding atmosphere

Metallic nanopowder is employed in several applications for its flexibility of use, thus its production is growing over the years. Exploding wire technique can produce a wide range of nanoparticles from electrically conducting samples, and it has a potential for high efficiency and productivity, due to the strongly localized power dissipation. On the other hand, the phenomena involved during the explosion are complex, and phenomenological relationships are usually considered for controlling the output product characteristics. In this study, we investigated the effect of the input energy and the medium in which the explosion takes place on the final dimensional distribution of the nanopowder. Utilizing a proper power supply and an exploding system developed on purpose, we applied up to 10 GA/m2 to copper wire samples immersed in air or water. We collected the products for morphological analysis, we carried out a shape and dimensional characterization based on a statistical analysis of the obtained particles, and we compared and discussed the results concerning the adopted initial conditions and the most recent literature data.

Technology Focus: Coiled Tubing (June 2023)

Needless to say, the oil and gas industry as a whole has been riding a rough roller coaster over the past few years. The drop in activity felt at the end of 2019 was made much sharper by the COVID-19 pandemic, which brought investment levels to historic lows. This was followed by a recovery at least as abrupt, and many now believe that we are in for a strong multiyear upcycle. Although positive for our industry, this generates all sorts of challenges, including access to both the human and equipment resources necessary to support that growth. The notion of cycles is not new to oil and gas; however, the past 3 years have significantly transformed the mindset of most of its actors, who are now chasing any opportunity to reduce waste and increase efficiency of their operations while assessing how they can further reduce their environmental footprint. Coiled tubing has a key role to play in those efforts, with strong arguments for itself: It is used throughout the life of a well, from exploration to abandonment, and its flexibility of use, combined with recent technology developments in pipe materials, real-time downhole telemetry, and specialized downhole tools—just to name a few—opens avenues to perform in a rigless manner many operations that once required a rig and several service lines. It seems, however, that, like the rest of the well-intervention field, and despite a positive outlook, coiled tubing still hits the same glass ceiling in success rate and activity levels. How to break it was at the center of discussions during the recent SPE/Intervention and Coiled Tubing Association (ICoTA) Conference in The Woodlands, Texas, which proposed to a record attendance a variety of case studies and new technologies and a very dynamic operator roundtable. The technical program confirmed a trend already noticed in recent publications, with coiled tubing expanding once again its operational envelope and proposing new work flows addressing the industry’s wish for efficiency, waste reduction, and digitalization. One such example is the rapid increase in rigless coiled tubing drilling seen over the past couple of years. The demand for new projects, both onshore and offshore, is on the rise, with always more extreme downhole conditions of low pressure and high H2S content. Paper SPE 210978 provides a detailed review of the best practices to take into consideration when planning and executing such projects, which seem to be familiar in the Middle East. Meanwhile, paper SPE 213666 shows how bit design can play a key role in facilitating deeper reach during coiled tubing drilling operations. Another area of focus for the well-intervention industry is offshore, where activity is expected to grow significantly in the years to come. While our industry still searches for ways to optimize costs and minimize rig operations—which are costly and time-consuming—papers SPE 212939 and IPTC 23046 offer new avenues, with compelling examples of how well-intervention vessels and catenary operations can enable a wide range of optimized rigless interventions while preserving the use of key downhole technologies. Lastly, as a testimony to the versatility of coiled tubing, papers SPE 212933 and SPE 212925 demonstrate how coiled tubing can capture a very large workscope in a single mobilization while reducing equipment and personnel footprint and using the most advanced evaluation and intervention techniques. Both papers deal with remediating well-integrity issues, but in very different settings—as part of a fracturing campaign for the former and to enable access to a subsea tree for the latter. Yet they both demonstrate that coiled tubing often can be the cornerstone of much larger work flows and be key in raising the success rate of well interventions across the globe. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 213666 Coiled Tubing Drilling Advancement With Smallest Shaped Diamond Cutting Element by Syed M. Siddik, Baker Hughes, et al. IPTC 23046 Real-Time Rigless Intervention With a Catenary Coiled Tubing System To Perforate the Long Horizontal Section of a Well, Offshore Brunei by Azemi Leong, Halliburton, et al. SPE 212925 Subsea Well Annular Integrity Repair Using Coiled Tubing and Pressure-Activated Sealant by Joel E. Johns, Seal-Tite International, et al.

Web-Based Naloxone Training for Law Enforcement Officers: A Pilot Feasibility Study.

Training and equipping law enforcement officers (LEOs) with naloxone to reverse overdoses is one national preventive strategy to reduce overdose deaths. Web-based interventions can offer convenience, flexibility of use, and can be readily disseminated. This paper describes our community-academic partnership in developing and evaluating a web-based naloxone training for LEOs. Using a community-engaged approach, we created a web-based training (www.overdoseaction.org) and conducted a pilot feasibility test using surveys and individual interviews with ten LEOs. The median time to complete the web-based naloxone training, including the pre- and post-tests, was 45 minutes (range, 37-80 minutes). A significant difference in the pretest and post-test scores of overdose knowledge was observed. The LEOs found the training helpful in responding to overdoses and sustained their attention. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a web-based naloxone training for LEOs that can be easily disseminated and alternative to in-person trainings.

Laboratory study regarding recipes and strengths of concrete produced with reactive powders and metallic fibers

Because of its multiple advantages such as durability, flexibility in use, fire resistance and low production and maintenance costs, concrete is, by far, the most popular building material currently in use. However, cement – one of the base ingredients of concrete – requires large quantities of raw materials and fossil fuels in order to be produced. In fact, in terms of pollution, it is one of the most environment-damaging products of the construction industry. A relatively recent trend in the problem of mitigating cement-related pollution is the possibility to substitute a certain percentage of cement with reactive powders, which are considered to be waste products of other industries. Concurrently, another trend is to try and obtain better performance of plain concrete, by using so-called “disperse reinforcement”. Thus, in the present article, a laboratory study is presented, regarding the obtainment and performance of concrete in which cement has been partially replaced with ultrafine silica and fly ash. Furthermore, in the case of the fly ash recipe, a percentage of metallic fibers was added, in order to study the potential performance gain with respect to plain concrete. The obtained results in compression were encouraging, in the sense that, for all recipes of concrete (plain concrete – used as reference sample versus concrete with fly ash, concrete with ultrafine silica, concrete with fly ash and fibers), the desired concrete strength class was attained. Even more, in the case of obtained results in tension by bending and splitting, the concrete with fly ash and fibers attained almost twice the tensile strength of the plain concrete. The obtained results suggest that concrete with reactive powders and/or metallic fibers can successfully substitute the plain concrete normally used in the construction industry.

Technological tools in teaching and learning in brazilian educational institutions

This study aims to reflect on the technological tools that help teaching and learning published at the Brazilian Meeting of Graduate Students in Mathematics Education (EBRAPEM) between 2017 and 2019. Based on the inclusion criteria, 130 were found articles published at the Meeting, however, when analyzing the exclusion criteria, 29 studies remained to be analyzed. Among the results, it is informed that GeoGebra is the most present tool in the articles, having a great flexibility of use, as it serves age groups from Basic Education to Higher Education. The selected studies address with concern the social differences that impede access to learning tools in schools in all regions of Brazil and draw the attention of teachers who are already in the profession to the need to update and seek to know these technologies that are inevitable in today's world. Finally, the study reveals different acceptances of learning tools in Brazilian regions, with less evidence of use of the tools in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil.

POSSIBILITIES OF USING THE PRINCIPLES OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER AND VOCATIONAL PRE-HIGHER EDUCATION

The article defines the relevance of introducing universal design into the educational process of institutions of higher and vocational pre-higher education. The analysis of Ukrainian educational and normative sources, as well as domestic and foreign scientific research devoted to its study, is suggested. The article analyzes the history and essence of the concept of "universal design", systematizes the possibilities of its implementation, namely: in social space, design, things, products, creation of environment and places accessible to the widest range of people, design of information, communication and policy that allows them to be used by individuals with different needs in most diverse situations and does not provide for the creation of separate or special opportunities for such use, the organization of information technologies or services that are equally accessible or understandable to all and meet the requirements of shared use. The study summarizes the definition of the concept of "universal design in education" and systematizes the components of the educational process in institutions of higher and vocational pre-higher education, the accessibility of which can be increased by its means. Among such components are: didactic foundations of learning (approaches and principles); educational documentation (educational programs, curricul and sillabi); architecture of educational components (structure and features of educational process planning); teaching aids, in particular electronic ones; teaching and assessment methods; forms of educational interaction; design of the educational environment. 7 principles of universal design are presented: equality and accessibility of use; flexibility of use; simplicity and intuitiveness of use; accessibility of information; error tolerance; little physical effort; availability of the necessary size, place, space. Directions for their implementation in higher and vocational pre-higher education are proposed in order to increase their accessibility for students with special educational needs.

A Study on the Actual Conditions and Space Evaluation Indicators for Improving Access to Beauty Facilities for the Social Weak

First, this study examined the theoretical background through analysis of previous studies related to the socially disadvantaged, access to hair salons, and space. Second, in order to find out the need for beauty salon evaluation indicators, a survey was conducted on hair salon recognition and necessity, and frequency analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Third, in order to increase the reliability of the salon space evaluation index, verification and supplementation were conducted through expert advice, and finally, the salon space evaluation index was derived. Fourth, based on the derived evaluation indicators, the evaluation was conducted by visiting the hair salon on-site, and the following research results were obtained after frequency analysis through SPSS 26.0. As a result of the survey on the recognition and necessity of the salon, the uncomfortable space of the salon could be identified through the entrance. In the reliability verification of the expert group, it was proposed to install a guide sign, install a safety handle, and install a braille block. Based on the evaluation index of hair salon space, the frequency analysis showed that all hair salons were “very not” in equal use and easy operation of facility space, and all hair salons were “very not” in equal use, safety, and easy operation of shampoo space. In addition, all hair salons were found to be “very different” in terms of easy operation of waiting spaces, equal use of counter spaces, equal use of entrances, and flexibility in use.

PyHMMER: a Python library binding to HMMER for efficient sequence analysis.

PyHMMER provides Python integration of the popular profile Hidden Markov Model software HMMER via Cython bindings. This allows the annotation of protein sequences with profile HMMs and building new ones directly with Python. PyHMMER increases flexibility of use, allowing creating queries directly from Python code, launching searches, and obtaining results without I/O, or accessing previously unavailable statistics like uncorrected P-values. A new parallelization model greatly improves performance when running multithreaded searches, while producing the exact same results as HMMER. PyHMMER supports all modern Python versions (Python 3.6+) and similar platforms as HMMER (x86 or PowerPC UNIX systems). Pre-compiled packages are released via PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/pyhmmer/) and Bioconda (https://anaconda.org/bioconda/pyhmmer). The PyHMMER source code is available under the terms of the open-source MIT licence and hosted on GitHub (https://github.com/althonos/pyhmmer); its documentation is available on ReadTheDocs (https://pyhmmer.readthedocs.io).

“Make Stories That Will Always Be There”: Eagle Books’ Appeal, Sustainability, and Contributions to Public Health, 2006–2022

We aimed to determine why the Eagle Books, an illustrated series for American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) children to address type 2 diabetes, remain viable long after their release. We sought to answer 2 questions: Why did the books maintain popularity? What factors have sustained them? Type 2 diabetes burgeoned in the US after World War II, compounding a long legacy of injustices for AIAN peoples. By the 1980s, their rates soared above those of White people. Concerned for future generations, Tribal Leaders suggested that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Indian Health Service use traditional storytelling to teach children about staying healthy. Public health interventions are most effective when culture and history are integrated into health education, particularly stories to address a relatively new disease for AIAN peoples. From 2008 through 2013, we conducted a case study among 8 tribal communities to evaluate the uptake of the Eagle Books across Indian Country. To understand the Eagle Books' sustained appeal, in 2022 we reanalyzed the original case study themes and analyzed for the first time themes that emerged from evaluation results in the Eagle Books' program literature. These were programs that had independently evaluated their use of the Eagle Books and published their findings. Outcomes demonstrated continuous application of the Eagle Books in diverse community interventions, influencing children's healthy choices. Community implementers described sustainability components, such as the books' versatility, flexibility of use, and availability online and in print. Historical, social, economic, and environmental health determinants intersect with biological and behavioral factors to weave a complex web of causation for type 2 diabetes, beginning early in life. Compelling, colorful stories reflecting traditional wisdom and respect for Western and Indigenous science - through the eyes of a wise eagle, a clever rabbit, a tricky coyote, and kids in T-shirts and sneakers - can positively influence community health.

A Review of the Use of Carbon Nanostructures and Other Reducing Agents During Auto-reduction for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis and Other Applications

Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) is an important process in the production of liquid fuels in the energy sector, due to its flexibility for use with other technologies that can produce carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen. Catalysts have found substantial use in FTS to improve the process efficiency. However, the use of conventional FTS catalyst reduction techniques using (hydrogen (H2), CO and syngas) to activate the metal precursor has been accompanied by strong metal-support interactions. Such limitations have driven the quest for better technologies to ensure FTS catalysis reaches its full capacity. In this article, we review the activation techniques used, with emphasis on the contemporary auto-reduction technique, which has revealed energy-saving merits. Auto-reduction has the advantage of reducing the number of steps involved in catalyst preparation prior to FTS as well as eliminating costly reducing agents such as H2, CO and syngas. Auto-reduction in this article refers to the reduction of the metal precursor using a carbon support. We firstly provide a comprehensive review of the traditional reducing agents, followed by a review of the contemporary auto-reduction technique. A comparison of the conventional FTS catalyst reduction and auto-reduction techniques is provided to allow for a fundamental understanding of the merits and demerits of both techniques. The different types of nanostructured carbon materials used in aiding auto-reduction for the FTS process are reviewed.Graphical

STUDI KINERJA HANDHELD PORTABLE 3D SCANNER DALAM PENGUKURAN DIAMETER DAN KEDALAMAN LUBANG PADA SPESIMEN LOGAM

A Handheld portable 3D Scanner is an optical-based tool that can be gripped by hand and moved from one place to another. This tool is used to scan part’s surface and produce a 3-dimensional representation in the form of a point cloud. The use of 3D Scanners has grown significantly in recent years, especially in applications in the metrology, industrial manufacturing inspection, and reverse engineering. Apart from the ease of use and flexibility of use, as an optical-based tool with triangulation principles, Handheld Portable 3D Scanners have limitations in scanning the geometric shape of a narrow hole or slit. The specifications published by the manufacturer do not fully describe tool’s performance in this regard. For this reason, an evaluation of the performance of the Handheld Portable 3D Scanner is carried out by determining the error of measuring holes on the workpiece with variations in depth and diameter. As a reference value, the results of the Coordinate Measuring Machine –CMM measurement are used. . The study result show that handheld 3D scanners generally have an error in measuring the diameter and measuring the depth of the hole, above the specification of 0.03 mm. In holes with a diameter of 1 mm, the handheld 3D scanner has a relationship between the error of measuring hole’s diameter and hole’s diameter with the regression equation: y=0.037x-0.54. En values categorized as "outliers" were found in holes with a diameter of 1 mm with a depth of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mm and holes with a diameter of 2mm with a depth of 4 mm.

IMPACTS OF PUBLIC REALMS IN CREATING A COMFORTABLE URBAN SPACE FOR EVERYDAY USE: A CASE STUDY OF URBAN PATTERN IN ALMATY

Public realms connect different parts of the city for gathering and social events, encourage job opportunities and help for better social life based on collective activities. However, contemporary public realms in cities consist of different public and private spaces used by diverse social groups. Thus, the cross-section of Satbayev, Baitursynov streets and Bukhar Zhyray boulevard in Almaty is selected as a test-bed for the investigation. Currently, the public realm represents fragmented spatial networks divided by highways to separated neighbourhoods. The paper depths into existing urban planning outcomes for potential urban transformations. These findings will be archived through morphological mapping, direct non-participant observation, and public realm photographing. The research confirms the hypothesis that public realms in contemporary urban planning are rather exclusive than inclusive due to lack of equity for daily visits, flexibility of use and urban informality.