Flexible Process Research Articles

Selective Metal Recovery: Innovating Leaching from Lfp-NMC Cathode Mixtures in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries lie at the heart of the energy transition and electric mobility. In the coming years, numerous gigafactories and recycling plants will be constructed worldwide to produce and recycle batteries for electric vehicles. While recycling plants currently focus on batteries for electric vehicle, there will also be a need to develop the recycling industry for smaller batteries, such as those used in electric bicycles, a market that is rapidly expanding. The chemical processes required to recycle these batteries may not necessarily be the same as those for batteries in electric vehicle due to differences in the composition of the materials to be processed. For electric vehicles, the composition will be well established as the materials will mainly come from either NMC (LiNixMnyCozO2) or LFP (LiFePO4) technologies. However, for batteries in electric bicycle and electric scooter, the materials to be processed will be a mix of NMC and LFP technologies. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop a flexible process capable of extracting metals from the feed which the composition will vary. Furthermore, the hydrometallurgical processes used to treat these materials must be capable of recovering cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium despite the presence of varying and significant concentrations of iron, which is generally challenging in hydrometallurgy.This talk will demonstrate how we can take advantage of the physicochemistry of transition metals in the presence of phosphate to develop an effective leaching process that selectively dissolves cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium from mixtures of NMC and LFP, resulting in a sufficiently pure leachate to facilitate downstream purification steps through liquid-liquid extraction after leaching.

Predicting Learning: Understanding the Role of Executive Functions in Children's Belief Revision Using Bayesian Models.

Recent studies suggest that learners who are asked to predict the outcome of an event learn more than learners who are asked to evaluate it retrospectively or not at all. One possible explanation for this "prediction boost" is that it helps learners engage metacognitive reasoning skills that may not be spontaneously leveraged, especially for individuals with still-developing executive functions. In this paper, we combined multiple analytic approaches to investigate the potential role of executive functions in elementary school-aged children's science learning. We performed an experiment that investigates children's science learning during a water displacement task where a "prediction boost" had previously been observed-children either made an explicit prediction or evaluated an event post hoc (i.e., postdiction). We then considered the relation of executive function measures and learning, which were collected following the main experiment. Via mixed effects regression models, we found that stronger executive function skills (i.e., stronger inhibition and switching scores) were associated with higher accuracy in Postdiction but not in the Prediction Condition. Using a theory-based Bayesian model, we simulated children's individual performance on the learning task (capturing "belief flexibility"), and compared this "flexibility" to the other measures to understand the relationship between belief revision, executive function, and prediction. Children in the Prediction Condition showed near-ceiling "belief flexibility" scores, which were significantly higher than among children in the Postdiction Condition. We also found a significant correlation between children's executive function measures to our "belief flexibility" parameter, but only for children in the Postdiction Condition. These results indicate that when children provided responses post hoc, they may have required stronger executive function capacities to navigate the learning task. Additionally, these results suggest that the "prediction boost" in children's science learning could be explained by increased metacognitive flexibility in the belief revision process.

Enhancing PBAT nanocomposite films: The impact of AgVO3 nanorods on mechanical, hydrophobicity, and antibacterial properties

AbstractPoly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is popular because of its low cost, biodegradability, good processing properties, flexibility, and mechanical features. In this study, we explore the potential of PBAT‐based bioplastics by adding AgVO3 nanorods with PBAT to reduce costs. We produced nanocomposite films of PBAT reinforced with 1, 3, and 5 wt% of AgVO3 nanorods using solvent casting. The inclusion of AgVO3 in the structure of PBAT was investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The nanocomposite films demonstrate excellent properties, surpassing those of single‐component blends, enhancing mechanical properties, and improving the barrier properties of nanocomposite films. The water vapor transmission rate of AgVO3 reinforced (5 wt%) nanocomposite films improved by 42.45% compared to pure PBAT films. The tensile strength of the PBA‐3 film was 37.19 MPa, exhibiting higher strength than the films produced from clean PBAT (19.73 MPa). The AgVO3‐reinforced films demonstrated increased resistance to moisture and water, as indicated by their higher water contact angle values (88.04°). Food‐borne bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli have been stable to the antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites on the addition of AgVO3.The potential applications of these nanocomposite films in food packaging are promising, offering a sustainable and effective solution to food preservation.Highlights The AgVO3‐filled poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) nanocomposite films exhibit superior mechanical, barrier, and resistance to moisture and water compared to neat PBAT films. The water vapor transmission rate of the film is significantly enhanced, with a 42.45% enhancement in films reinforced with 5 wt% AgVO3. AgVO3‐filled PBAT nanocomposites demonstrate effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Study on the Structural Characteristics of Bulb Tubular Pumps Based on Fluid–Structure Interaction

As a special type of through-flow device, bulb turbine pumps have been widely used in the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project due to their compact structure, flexible installation process, easy maintenance, high efficiency, and strong adaptability. Therefore, structural improvements to enhance their safety and stability through fluid–structure interaction analysis have significant engineering value. This paper conducts static and transient fluid–structure interaction analyses of the bulb turbine pump structure. The results show that the rotor structure experiences the greatest deformation under low-flow conditions, with maximum deformation (2.13 mm) occurring at the leading edge of the impeller inlet and decreasing radially along a gradient distribution. The damping effect of water changes the mode shapes of the rotor structure, and although the vibration modes under wet conditions are similar to those in the air, the frequencies decrease to varying degrees. In transient analyses under different conditions, the total deformation of the rotor system is greater than in static analyses, showing significant regularity. Under low-flow conditions, the deformation of the pressure surface at the inlet and outlet of the blade tip is greater than that of the suction surface, with a maximum total deformation of 3.656 mm. The maximum total deformation under design flow is 3.337 mm; under high flow, it is 2.646 mm. The total deformation of the casing mainly occurs on both sides of the internal bulb body bottom support, with a maximum deformation of 2.0355 mm and an equivalent stress maximum of 44.848 MPa. The equivalent stress and total deformation distribution of the support structure are similar, located at the top support and trailing edge, with a maximum value of 22.94 MPa at the trailing edge. The research results provide technical references and theoretical foundations for the structural optimization of bulb turbine pumps.

Spatial Information Entropy-Assisted Integrated Sensing and Communication for Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks

To better meet communication needs, 6G proposes Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks. Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is one of the key technologies of Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks, which can reduce the energy consumption of the system, improve communication efficiency, and increase the utilization rate of spectrum resources. In the existing technology, the Modulated Wideband Converter (MWC) system can provide support for the miniaturization and intelligence of wireless device sensing and communication systems. Therefore, the MWC system can be used as a preliminary application of ISAC technology. However, the reconstruction effect of the conventional MWC system under the influence of noise is not stable. Therefore, we propose a signal processing optimization scheme for the MWC system based on spatial information entropy. First, the subsequent reconstruction algorithm is considered to require the dynamic and flexible processing of the sampled signals to reduce the influence of noise. Second, for the shortcomings of the original Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm, the concept of the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the algorithm by constructing the feature factor through spatial information gain and spatial information features. According to the simulation results, compared with the traditional MWC system, the scheme proposed in this paper is improved in all indicators.

Evaluation Resources for Asthma Programs and Beyond.

Evaluation can ensure the quality of public health programs. Systematic efforts to identify and fully engage everyone involved with or affected by a program can provide critical information about asthma programs and the broader environment in which they operate. To assist evaluators working at programs funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC's) National Asthma Control Program (NACP), we developed a package of tools that build on the CDC's 1999 Framework for Program Evaluation in Public Health. The resulting suite of evaluation tools guides evaluators through a structured but flexible process, engaging a diverse array of interest holders and actively involving them in evaluation planning and implementation, all while strengthening their capacity to meaningfully contribute to the evaluation process. For our newest tool, our team reviewed the recent evaluation literature to create an enhanced version of the 1999 framework that describes important elements of professional evaluation practice. Although the original framework describes the steps to take in conducting an evaluation and the standards for a high-quality evaluation, our enhanced framework includes an explanation of how evaluators should approach their work: by incorporating critical reflection, interpersonal competence, situational awareness, and cultural responsiveness. In this article, we highlight many of the evaluation resources our team has created since the NACP's inception, culminating in a free e-text called Planting the Seeds of High-Quality Program Evaluation in Public Health. Public health professionals working in many types of programs - not just asthma - may find these resources useful.

Implementation of a soft grading system for chemistry in a Moodle plugin: reaction handling

Here, we present a new method for evaluating questions on chemical reactions in the context of remote education. This method can be used when binary grading is not sufficient as some tolerance may be acceptable. In order to determine a grade, the developed workflow uses the pairwise similarity assessment of two considered reactions, each encoded by a single molecular graph with the help of the Condensed Graph of Reaction (CGR) approach. This workflow is part of the ChemMoodle project and is implemented as a Moodle Plugin. It uses the Chemdoodle engine for reaction drawing and visualization and communicates with a REST server calculating the similarity score using ISIDA fragment descriptors. The plugin is open-source, accessible in GitHub (https://github.com/Laboratoire-de-Chemoinformatique/moodle-qtype_reacsimilarity) and on the Moodle plugin store (https://moodle.org/plugins/qtype_reacsimilarity?lang=en). Both similarity measures and fragmentation can be configured.Scientific contribution This work introduces an open-source method for evaluating chemical reaction questions within Moodle using the CGR approach. Our contribution provides a nuanced grading mechanism that accommodates acceptable tolerances in reaction assessments, enhancing the accuracy and flexibility of the grading process.

Perancangan Aplikasi Midori Clon (Midori Class Online) Berbasis Mobile dengan Metode Design Thinking

Online learning is widely used by various groups, especially in higher education/schools. Online learning has many benefits for students and lecturers due to its practical and flexible learning process. However, there are complaints in online learning, such as students having difficulty understanding the material shared by lecturers and the lack of interaction between lecturers and students, making the lessons monotonous and boring. Students also cannot review the targeted lecturers. Therefore, the Midori Clon application was created to address students' problems in online learning. The application design was developed using the Design Thinking method. The Midori Clon application offers several advantages, including a Live Video feature for more interactive sessions between students and lecturers, a Bot feature to summarize materials and translate languages, and a Lecturer Review feature to review the targeted lecturers. With these advanced features, it is expected that online learning issues can be resolved and online learning can meet the desired expectations.

Research on dimple suppression in multi-point flexible stretch forming of parabolic spherical part

Multi-point flexible stretch-forming process applies the idea of discretization to the die and clamp of stretch-forming, so that the die and clamp have high flexibility at the same time. Because the surface of the multi-point die is discontinuous, the sheet metal will produce the dimple during the forming process, which will affect the forming effect. To suppress the dimple, this paper takes parabolic spherical parts as the research object, and discusses the influence of swinging unit and discrete elastic cushion on the dimples of forming parts by numerical simulation. The results show that the strain and thickness distribution are more uniform and the dimples on the surface of the forming parts are obviously reduced when the swinging unit is used. The use of discrete elastic cushions on the fixed unit and the swinging unit can further suppress the dimples of the forming part and improve the forming accuracy. To verify the correctness of the numerical simulation, the multi-point die for swinging unit with discrete elastic cushion was used to carry out the flexible stretch-forming test of the parabolic spherical part. The test results are in agreement with the numerical simulation results, which shows that the methods are reliable and feasible.

The All Together Group: Co-Designing a Toolkit of Approaches and Resources for End-of-Life Care Planning With People With Intellectual Disabilities in Social Care Settings.

Support staff within social care settings have expressed a need for resources to facilitate end-of-life care planning with people with intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to co-design a preliminary toolkit of end-of-life care planning approaches and resources that can be implemented in adult social care services for people with intellectual disabilities. An adapted Experience-Based Co-Design process was applied to develop a toolkit for end-of-life care planning with people with intellectual disabilities. A co-design group (the 'All Together Group') met six times from January to October 2023. The group comprised nine people with intellectual disabilities (including four researchers with intellectual disabilities, who also co-facilitated the workshops), five family members, five intellectual disability support staff, two intellectual disability service managers,and five healthcare professionals. The All Together Group tested resources for and approaches to end-of-life care planning with people with intellectual disabilities, based on findings from a scoping review and a focus group study. Easy-read end-of-life care planning forms were deemed overwhelming and complicated, whilst visual and creative approaches were welcomed. Three new visual resources to support illness planning and funeral planning with people with intellectual disabilities were developed: (i) 'When I'm ill' thinking cards; (ii) 'Let's Talk About Funerals' conversation-starter pictures; and (iii) 'My funeral' planning cards. These three resources, alongside three positively evaluated existing resources, were included in a new toolkit for end-of-life care planning with people with intellectual disabilities. Through an iterative, flexible, inclusive,and comprehensive co-design process, a toolkit of three newly developed and three existing resources was created to facilitate support staff in doing end-of-life care planning with people with intellectual disabilities. Following a trialling process with support staff, the final toolkit was made freely available online. The research team included four researchers with intellectual disabilities (A.C., D.J., L.J., and R.K.-B). Researchers with intellectual disability have been part of every step of the research process; from study design to data collection and analysis to dissemination of study findings.Intellectual disability service provider representatives (M.W., N.P., and S.S.) were part of the co-design group as well. Two of these representatives were also co-applicants in the overall project (N.P. and S.S.). The co-design group included people with intellectual disabilities, families, intellectual disability support staffand health and social care professionals. The study was supported by a Research Advisory Group comprising a variety of stakeholders, including people with intellectual disabilities families, intellectual disability researchers, representatives from intellectual disability organisations,and policymakers.

A polyelectrolyte-induced highly processable pigment-like photonic crystal ink

Developing a straightforward strategy for constructing highly processable photonic crystals (PCs) is crucial for various applications, yet remains a challenge. Here, we present a simple polyelectrolyte-induced self-assembly strategy for producing novel photonic crystal (PC) inks with outstanding processing flexibility by adding the polyelectrolytes into the ultralow concentration of colloidal nanoparticle solution. The polyelectrolyte can cover the nanoparticles through the hydrogen bond interaction to induce the aggregation and mutual repulsion of them simultaneously, enabling the self-assembly of ultralow concentration (0.01–1.0 v/v%) of nanoparticles into short-range ordered arrays with angle-independent structural colors. The resulting PC inks present unprecedented pigment-like color modulation capacity, as well as ultrahigh freedom in processing methods due to the fact that the rheological behaviors of PC inks can be widely adjusted by varying the properties of polyelectrolytes. Consequently, the PC inks can be easily shaped into complex and exquisite multicolor patterns/3D structures using various techniques, including injection molding, writing, drawing, and 3D printing. This general approach paves the way for quick and scalable production of advanced PC materials deeply required in practical applications.

A multi-image encryption scheme based on a new [formula omitted]-dimensional chaotic model and eight-base DNA

At present, multi-image encryption schemes usually require the type, quantity and size of images to be fixed, and there are many restrictions. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-image encryption scheme based on a new n-dimensional(nD) chaotic model and eight-base DNA, which can encrypt any type, quantity and size of images. Firstly, an nD chaotic model is designed, which can generate different chaotic systems according to individual requirements, simplify the complexity of chaotic system design, and solve the problems of uneven chaotic trajectory and limited range. Secondly, some new eight-base algebraic operations are proposed, which opens up a new calculation method for DNA calculation and information processing. These algebraic operations are applied to the bidirectional diffusion process to achieve bidirectional DNA diffusion. Finally, multiple images are fused, and different keys are generated by the SHA-512 algorithm to ensure that each fused image has a unique key. Moreover, SCAN is utilized to scramble the fused image, which provides more flexibility and selectivity for image encryption and processing. Experimental simulation and security analysis verify that the proposed scheme has a superior effect and good anti-attack when encrypting multiple images with different types, quantities and sizes.

Strain‐Modulated Hydrogen Production Performance in Monolayer MoS2 Electrocatalysis Nanodevices

AbstractThe integration of flexible micro‐ and nanodevices plays a pivotal role in investigating stress‐enhanced performances and underlying intrinsic mechanisms for two‐dimensional materials. This study presents the fabrication of single‐crystal flexible devices using monolayer MoS2 and its catalytic activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction under stress conditions. A metallic conductive layer was deposited on the photoresist surface via magnetron sputtering, overcoming the challenges associated with lithography on insulating substrates using electron beam lithography (EBL). The results demonstrate optimal etch patterns with a metal modification layer thickness of 10.97 nm. Leveraging this flexible device fabrication process, a single‐layer MoS2 single‐nanosheet flexible micro/nano device was developed and subsequently strain‐modulated (stretched along the zigzag lattice direction with the armchair lattice direction as the axis). A significant enhancement is observed in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance as the strain increases from 0 % to 0.40 %. Notably, the onset overpotential decreased from 155.6 to 95.7 mV, and the Tafel slope decreased from 175.3 to 98.6 mV dec−1. This study provides new insights into the design and performance of strain devices for two‐dimensional (2D) monocrystalline/polycrystalline materials.

Improving Process Mining Maturity – From Intentions to Actions

Process mining is advancing as a powerful tool for revealing valuable insights about process dynamics. Nevertheless, the imperative to employ process mining to enhance process transparency is a prevailing concern for organizations. Despite the widespread desire to integrate process mining as a pivotal catalyst for fostering a more agile and flexible Business Process Management (BPM) environment, many organizations face challenges in achieving widespread implementation and adoption due to deficiencies in various dimensions of process mining readiness. The current Information Systems (IS) knowledge base lacks a comprehensive framework to aid organizations in augmenting their process mining readiness and bridging this intention-action gap. The paper presents a Process Mining Maturity Model (P3M), refined through multiple iterations, which outlines five factors and 23 elements that organizations must address to increase their process mining readiness. The maturity model advances the understanding of how to close the intention-action gap of process mining initiatives in multiple dimensions. Furthermore, insights from a comprehensive analysis of data gathered in eleven qualitative interviews are drawn, elucidating 30 possible actions that organizations can implement to establish a more responsive and dynamic BPM environment by means of process mining.

How to take a comprehensive patient history.

A significant proportion of diagnoses are made based on history taking, often alongside physical assessments and laboratory investigations. Taking a thorough patient history is fundamental for the accurate diagnosis and effective management of health conditions. This article outlines a step-by-step process for taking a comprehensive patient history and discusses the evidence for this procedure. • History taking is a structured but flexible process of gathering relevant information from patients to inform diagnosis and treatment. • Important communication skills for nurses when history taking include active listening, empathetic communication and cultural sensitivity. • By actively engaging the patient in a conversation about their health issues, the nurse facilitates their participation and autonomy. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: 'How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: • How this article might improve your practice when taking a patient history. • How you could use this information to educate nursing students or colleagues on taking a patient history.

Solution-processed 10 nm thick ferroelectric polymer film on a TiO2 nanolayer for flexible nonvolatile memories

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based ferroelectric polymers, known for their exceptional flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and ease of processing, have garnered significant attention in the field of nonvolatile data storage. However, a persistent challenge lies in their elevated driving voltage and subpar thermal stability, leading to excessive power consumption and restricted operational conditions. Herein, we propose a flexible ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) based on a ceramic/polymer bilayer consisting of a solution-processed ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] nanofilm on top of a TiO2 nanolayer. The polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra and piezoresponse force microscopy phase signals demonstrate that the surface effect of the underlying TiO2 induces a consistent dipole orientation along the out-of-plane direction in the P(VDF-TrFE) nanofilm. These aligned dipoles in the P(VDF-TrFE) can be efficiently switched by a low driving voltage of 5 V while maintaining a high thermal stability exceeding 100 °C. Furthermore, the FeRAM based on the TiO2/P(VDF-TrFE) bilayer exhibits a remarkable storage density of approximately 60 GB in.–2, coupled with exceptional flexibility, high transparency, and superior read/write durability. These outstanding performances indicate that the TiO2/P(VDF-TrFE) bilayer holds significant potential for applications in high-density information storage within flexible electronics.

Super tough, electrochemical stability and puncture resistant electrolyte for lithium‐metal batteries

AbstractPolymer electrolytes (PEs) are widely used in the field of flexible energy storage due to their high safety, good flexibility, and ease of processing. Developing PEs with both high mechanical properties, high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical stability window (ESW) for lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) is an urgent issue to be addressed. In this work, we designed and synthesized the poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐polyacrylic acid (PAA)‐LiCl electrolyte for LMBs with a high ionic conductivity, wide ESW, high modulus and puncture resistance simultaneously. Through the construction of dual cross‐linking networks, the PVA‐PAA‐LiCl exhibits a wide ESW (6.2 V), achieves a notable ionic conductivity (1.08 × 10−4 S cm−1) at room temperature and can realize a high cycle stability of Li symmetric battery more than 300 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mA h cm−2. Furthermore, it demonstrates exceptional puncture resistance, capable of withstanding pressures up to 5.73 × 108 Pa exerted by a steel nail, while simultaneously exhibites a commendable tensile strength of 4.9 MPa. Hence, this conceptual framework featuring dual‐crosslink network structure offers profound implications for the progression of next‐generation flexible energy storage.

Calamine in the ophthalmic external treatment prescription in ancient times

Calamine and its related medicines came into China as articles of tribute from other countries in ancient times. It was not recorded in the books of Chinese materia medica before the Song Dynasty but was widely used in ophthalmology, dermatology and traumatology and was, recorded specifically in the Ming and Qing Dynasty. This paper systematically examines the evolution of calamine herb in the archives of traditional Chinese medicine in terms of ophthalmic eternal treatment prescriptions. It was found that a total of 320 ophthalmic treatment formulas or prescriptions involved calamine, mainly finding its expression in 67 books on herbal medicines, formula and prescriptions, clinical syndrome comprehension and ophthalmic monographs. It was also found that calamine, as an important ophthalmic external medicine, had a wide range of clinical applications, covering internal and external obstructive eye diseases. Its flexibility, diverse compatibility and use in various processing are of great value and significance for in-depth exploration of its current application, its further use in ophthalmic treatment formulas or prescriptions and the redevelopment of classic formulas and prescriptions as well.

3D printing of sustainable wood-based bio-composites for high-end custom carton

This research delves into an upscale, personalised packaging paradigm employing 3D printing and a bio-composite derived from esteemed rosewood. The study incorporates a design for additive manufacturing, enhancing designers’ flexibility, and fostering innovation. To address global sustainability imperatives, including efficiency, energy conservation, a low carbon footprint and ecological compatibility, a premium and sustainable rosewood/polyethersulfone (PES) composite is developed. Laser sintering (LS), renowned for its processing flexibility, is applied for crafting intricate packages. A weight ratio of 1:4 of rosewood to PES is highly suitable for LS processing. The resultant custom carton, embodying natural rosewood aesthetics and fragrance, exhibits commendable mechanical robustness and precision. Tensile and bending strengths reach peaks of 4.880 MPa and 7.870 MPa, respectively, under a 9-W laser power. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirms the favourable dispersion of rosewood fibres in LS specimens, providing insights into the microstructure of the composite powder.

Periodic Open Cellular Structures in Chemical Engineering: Application in Catalysis and Separation Processes.

Periodic open cellular structures (POCS) represent a promising new class of structured internals as next-generation catalyst supports in reactors or structured packing elements in separation columns. POCS feature a well-defined morphology and can be fabricated with high reproducibility even for complex geometries by means of additive manufacturing. This results in a uniform and easily controllable flow field, which allows for adjusting the heat and mass transport processes to realize optimal process conditions. We review the fundamentals of POCS, including design and manufacturing as well as transport phenomena for single- and multiphase systems. Moreover, we review recent POCS applications in reaction and separation processes and consider promising future application fields. The exceptional transport characteristics of POCS facilitate the design of highly efficient, flexible, resilient, and safe processes, which is key for achieving process intensification toward a sustainable future.