Aromatic Oil Research Articles

Determination of Ethanol in Flavor Microcapsules by Ultrasound Assisted Total Vaporization Headspace – Gas Chromatography (TV HS-GC)

Total vaporization (TV) headspace (HS) gas chromatography (GC) is reported for the determination of ethanol in flavor oil microcapsules. Fifteen microliters of sample were placed in a headspace sample vial and a near-complete mass transfer of ethanol from the liquid phase to the vapor phase was obtained within one minute at 105 °C. This approach allowed the determination of ethanol in the sample by gas chromatography. Under the optimal conditions, the performance of this method was investigated, showing good linearity and a low limit of quantification equal to 8.95 mg/L. The relative standard deviation was less than 3.3%, and the recovery ranged from 95.4% to 101.3%. The method was efficient, accurate, and suitable for the quality control determination of ethanol in oil phase systems.

The Effect of Olfactory Inhalation on KPGA Golfers' Putting Performance, Postural Stability and Heart Rate.

Some athletes utilize olfactory inhalation treatments using ammonia salt and aromatic oils to attain their peak performance or for physical and psychological relaxation. However, there is still a lack of clear evidence on olfactory inhalation treatment and scent types via precise experiments, and there is no research regarding fine motor control performance in activities such as golf putting. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various olfactory inhalations (lavender, citrus, and ammonia) on professional golfers’ 3-meter putting performance (percentage of success), postural stability (CoP area), and heart rate (HR). In order to examine the effects of olfactory treatment on actual automated task performance, ten professional golfers were recruited for the putting task experiment. During the putting task, a biometric shirt was utilized to record the HR changes, and a force plate was used to measure changes in the CoP area. The results were as follows. First, the olfactory inhalation treatment inhibited the putting performance (no inhalation: 68.75%; lavender: 51.25%; citrus: 40.00%; ammonia: 52.50%); however, no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.115). Second, the olfactory inhalation treatment inhibited postural stability while putting; it had a partially statistically significant lower value (address: p = 0.000; downswing: p = 0.035; total putting section: p = 0.047). Third, the olfactory inhalation treatment decreased the HR during putting; however, there was no statistically significant difference between groups (address: p = 0.838; putting: p = 0.878; total: p = 0.666). This study implies that olfactory inhalation affects putting performance, postural stability, and HR. The effect size results for the olfactory treatment in the CoP area during the putting task (address: η2 = 0.524; downswing: η2 = 0.349; total putting section: η2 = 0.298) suggest that arousal regulation through olfactory inhalation may have negative effects on dynamic postural stability in static tasks such as golf putting, showing the direction of its useful application for athletes in sports.

ADHESION AND HYSTERETIC FRICTION OF TIRE TREAD RUBBERS HAVING PROCESS OILS WITH DIFFERENT AROMATIC CONTENT

ABSTRACT The extent of modification of wet grip of tire tread rubber by safe aromatic process oils has been the subject of controversy, as this property has conventionally been judged by indirect methods such as the loss factor at 0 °C. The present work aims to directly measure the dry and wet frictional behavior of rubbers containing various loadings of distillate aromatic extract (DAE) or treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) and to elucidate the contributions resulting from the adhesion and the hysteretic terms of friction. Physico-mechanical tests including rubber hardness, rubber–substrate work of adhesion, rubber–oil compatibility, hysteretic properties, and the rubber glass transition temperature were evaluated to disclose the underlying friction mechanisms. Interestingly, TDAE-containing rubbers presented a comparable or even better hysteretic friction not only at low oil loadings but also at high oil levels. As the loss factor properties of DAE and TDAE are very close to each other and there is the possibility of a crossover point within the frictional zone, care must be exercised not to merely rely on the values of tanδ at 0 °C in judging the preference of DAE or TDAE with regard to the wet grip performance.

A Narrative Review on the Bioactivity and Health Benefits of Alpha-Phellandrene

Aromatic essential oils play a significant role in pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics, and perfumery. Essential oils mostly comprise aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and diterpenes. Plant extracts comprise a complex mixture of terpenes, terpenoids, aliphatic and phenol-derived aromatic components. Terpenes are a significant class of hydrocarbons with numerous health benefits. These biological functions of essential oil components are examined in vitro and in vivo studies. Some studies evaluated the properties and functions of α-phellandrene (α-PHE). Detailed evaluation to determine the functions of α-PHE over a spectrum of health care domains needs to be initiated. Its possible mechanism of action in a biological system could reveal the future opportunities and challenges in using α-PHE as a pharmaceutical candidate. The biological functions of α-PHE are reported, including anti-microbial, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, wound healing, analgesic, and neuronal responses. The present narrative review summarizes the synthesis, biotransformation, atmospheric emission, properties, and biological activities of α-PHE. The literature review suggests that extended pre-clinical studies are necessary to develop α-PHE-based adjuvant therapeutic approaches.

Quantitative assay for farnesol and the aromatic fusel alcohols from the fungus Candida albicans

The dimorphic fungus Candida albicans is a commensal and opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. It secretes at least four small lipophilic molecules, farnesol and three aromatic fusel alcohols. Farnesol has been identified as both a quorum sensing molecule (QSM) and a virulence factor. Our gas chromatography (GC)-based assay for these molecules exhibits high throughput, prevention of analyte loss by avoiding filtration and rotary evaporation, simultaneous cell lysis and analyte extraction by ethyl acetate, and the ability to compare whole cultures with their cell pellets and supernatants. Farnesol synthesis and secretion were separable phenomena and pellet:supernatant ratios for farnesol were high, up to 12:1. The assay was validated in terms of precision, specificity, ruggedness, accuracy, solution stability, detection limits (DL), quantitation limits (QL), and dynamic range. The DL for farnesol was 0.02 ng/µl (0.09 µM). Measurement quality was assessed by the relative error of the whole culture versus the sum of pellet and supernatant fractions (WPS). C. albicans strain SC5314 grown at 30 °C in complex and defined media (YPD and mRPMI) was assayed in biological triplicate 17 times over 3 days. Farnesol and the three aromatic fusel alcohols can be measured in the same assay. The levels of all four are greatly altered by the growth medium chosen. Significantly, the three fusel alcohols are synthesized during stationary phase, not during growth. They are secreted quickly without being retained in the cell pellet and may accumulate up to mM concentrations.Key points• Quantitative analysis of both intra- and extracellular farnesol, and aromatic fusel oils.• High throughput, whole culture assay with simultaneous lysis and extraction.• Farnesol secretion and synthesis are distinct and separate events.

Influence of the Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Fibers in the Rubber Matrix on the Friction and Wear of Metals during the Mixing Process.

As a piece of high-intensity running equipment, the wear of an internal mixer determines the quality of rubber and its life. In general, the wear of an internal mixer is caused by the friction between the rubber and metal during the mixing process, and the most severe wear position is the end face of the equipment. In this paper, a mixture of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon fibers (CFs) are added to rubber by mechanical compounding to obtain MWCNT/CF/carbon black (CB) composites. By investigating the synergistic mechanism of MWCNTs and CFs, we analyze the effect of the MWCNT/CF ratio on the frictional wear of metal on the end face of the internal mixer. At the microscopic level, MWCNTs and CFs form a spatial meshwork with CB particles through synergistic interactions. The CB particles can be adsorbed on the spatial meshwork to promote the dispersion of CB particles. In addition, the formation of oil film can be slowed down due to the spatial meshwork, which could hinder the spillage of aromatic oil. Meanwhile, the spatial meshwork serves as a physical isolation layer between the rubber and metal to reduce friction. Therefore, it dramatically impacts the dispersion degree of CB particles, the friction coefficient, the roughness of the surface, and the wear of metal. It shows that the synergistic effect of MWCNT/CF and CB particles is best when the CF content of the rubber matrix is 5 phr, showing the most stable spatial network structure, the best dispersion of CB particles, and minor wear on the end face of the internal mixer.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Litsea coreana var. lanuginosa (Lauraceae): genome structure and phylogenetic analysis

Litsea coreana var. lanuginose is a perennial, indeciduous, and broad-leaved tree used as an essential medicinal and edible plant. In addition, this species is well-known for its leaves are rich in aromatic oil. In this study, we firstly assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of L. coreana var. lanuginose using Illumina pair-end sequencing and performed a phylogenetic analysis with other 13 species in Lauraceae. The results revealed that its chloroplast genome was 152,859 bp in total length with 39% of GC content, containing a pair of inverted repeats of 20,084 bp (IRA and IRB), separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 93,795 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,896 bp. The plastid genome of L. coreana var. lanuginose encoded 125 genes, including 81 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA (tRNA), and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that L. coreana var. lanuginose was closely related to the clade of Litsea monopetala, Litsea garrettii, and Litsea elongate in Lauraceae family.

Exploring phytochemical composition, photocatalytic, antibacterial, and antifungal efficacies of Au NPs supported by Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil

Biofabrication of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the aromatic essential oils is highlighted due to its simple, economical, low toxicity, and eco-friendly nature. Essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus (CF), an economically valuable medicinal plant, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. For the first time, this research accounts for the biosynthesis, physicochemical, photocatalytic, antifungal, antibacterial properties of biogenic AuNPs, fabricated using CF essential oil collected from different altitudes (S1-Palampur, S2-Haryana, S3-Dehradun). The altitudinal disparity in the phytochemical composition of essential oils is highlighted. The average crystallite size ranged from 10 to 32 nm and was influenced by CF samples used in the synthesis. The spectroscopic outcomes revealed the involvement of bioactive reagents from CF essential oil in the fabrication and stabilization of AuNPs. The fabricated AuNPs exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities against all tested strains (Staphyloccucs aureus, Escherichia coli, Fusarium oxysporum), showing their efficacy as an antimicrobial agent to treat infectious diseases. Moreover, AuNPs exhibited excellent photocatalytic efficacy of around 91.8% for the degradation of methylene blue under exposure of direct sunlight for 3 h without the assistance of an external reducing agent. The outcomes highlight a potential economic and environmentally friendly strategy to fabricate biogenic AuNPs for diversified industrial applications where antimicrobial and photocatalytic efficacies are the key requirements.

Germplasm screening of Myrtus communius Var. Italica l. for cultivar development from dir lower (Malakand Division), Pakistan

Habb-ul-Aas is a commercial drug obtained from Myrtus communis L and widely used for abdominal disorders in Pakistan. This sclerophyllous shrub is commonly found in the Lower Dir, Malakand Division, Pakistan. This plant is used as crude drug in herbal as well as pharmaceutical industry due to presence of aromatic oil obtained from various parts of the plant. Two varieties viz., italic and baetica of the plant exist in the world; however, no study reported before about the existence of this species up to the varietal level from Pakistan. The current study was undertaken to characterize the existing germplasm by using certain morphometric parameters in relation to physiognomic features. They exhibit high variability among characters, especially for characteristics useful in selecting cultivars for commercial production. Among the various ecotypes, MBT3 possessed high shoot length (29.96cm), leaf area (2.3cm), fruit volume (0.97ml) & fruit weight (0.88g) and pulp (0.87g) and therefore recommended for the cultivar development.

Cloning and functional analysis of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) in Santalum album L

The commercial value of Santalum album L. lies in its aromatic heartwood and essential oil. Sesquiterpenes are the main components of sandal essential oil, and these are synthesized through the plant’s mevalonate (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. In this study, the first key rate-limiting enzyme, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (SaDXS), was investigated to provide a theoretical molecular basis for the sandalwood MEP sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway. The biofunctions of SaDXS were also analyzed. SaDXS promoters were successfully cloned from a seven-year-old S. album tree. SaDXS1A/1B promoter activity was verified by a β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay and by analyzing cis-acting elements of the promoters, which carried light- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-responsive signals. In an experiment involving yellow S. album seedlings, exposure to light upregulated SaDXS1A/1B expression and increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents when overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of the expression of SaDXS1A/1B and SaSSy, key genes of santalol biosynthesis, revealed SaDXS1A expression in all tissues whereas SaDXS1B was expressed in tissues that contained photosynthetic pigments, such as stems, leaves and flowers. Sandal seedlings exogenously treated with two hormones, MeJA and ethylene, revealed similar expression patterns for SaDXS1A/1B and SaSSy. Sandal seedlings were treated with an inhibitor of DXS, clomazone, but showed no significant changes in the contents of α-santalene, β-santalene and α-santalol between treatment and control groups. These results suggest that SaDXS1A/1B play a role in the synthesis of sandalwood sesquiterpenes, providing carbon for downstream secondary metabolites. SaDXS1A/1B also play a role in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and primary metabolites.

Propolis Contra Pharmacological Interventions in Bees.

In addition to wax, propolis is a mixture of resins, terpenes, and etheric and aromatic oils. This composition supports its very strong biochemical activity that affects bee health. Bee colonies are externally exposed to the activity of other different pharmacologically active substances and toxic agents used in beekeeping procedures, veterinary interventions, and the environment. Even if free form common diseases, they may suffer from parasites or toxins. In any such case the abundance and variety of honeyflow, besides proper therapy, is crucial for the maintenance of bee health. Propolis itself cannot be considered as food but can be considered as micro-nutrients for bees. This is due to the fact that some of its compounds may penetrate different bee products, and this way be consumed by bees and their larvae, while stored in the hive. This perspective shows propolis as natural agent reducing the toxicity of pyrethroid acaricides, stimulating production of detoxification enzymes, enhancing the action of antibiotics, and increasing expression of genes that encode proteins responsible for detoxication. The aim of this review is to summarize current data on the possible impact on veterinary public health of the introduction into propolis of residues of pharmacological agents approved in the EU for use in the treatment of bee colonies and their environment.

Multi-component analysis, molecular model construction, and thermodynamics performance prediction on various rejuvenators of aged bitumen

The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method is proved as an efficient tool to explore the intermolecular interaction between rejuvenators and aged bitumen, but the simple “single-molecule” model of rejuvenator would bring the inaccuracy to simulation outputs due to a huge difference with its realistic multi-component chrematistic. This study aims to in-depth analyze the chemical components of four commonly-used rejuvenators with the Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method, and propose their multi-component molecular models for the first time. Further, MD simulations are performed on the multi-component models of various rejuvenators to anticipate and compare their atomic-level properties. The GC–MS results reveal that the chemical components of petroleum-based rejuvenators are more complicated than the bio-oil (BO). The alkane, naphthenic, and aromatic molecules are the main constituents of engine-oil (EO), naphthenic-oil (NO), and aromatic-oil (AO) rejuvenators. The experimental density results validate the reliability of these multi-component molecular models of four rejuvenators. From the MD simulations outputs, there is a significant difference in the energetic indices, cohesive energy density (CED), solubility parameter δ, volumetric parameters, dynamic behaviors, structural indicators, expansion coefficient (α and β), and isobaric heat capacity (Cp) between the multi-component models of four rejuvenators. However, the multi-component molecular model of aromatic-oil based on the GC–MS method is not accurate because the polycyclic aromatic molecules with heavy-weight are not detected and considered. This study detects the difference in chemical components and thermodynamics properties between four rejuvenators and proposes their more realistic multi-component molecular models for further MD simulations on the rejuvenation of aged bitumen.

One-step removal of all pollutants to produce clean water: Construct a novel dual-functional aramid nanofibre membrane for simultaneous oil-in-water separation and single-ring aromatic compound removal

The coexistence of insoluble oil droplets and dissolved harmful substances in oily wastewater are challenging for the production of clean water by membrane treatment. Accordingly, the development of an innovative membrane that will concurrently remove oil and hazardous compounds in one-step to obtain purer water is of great significance. In this study, a novel dual-functional aramid nanofibre (ANF) membrane was prepared from poly-pseudorotaxane polymer with superhydrophilic armour composed of cyclodextrin (CD). To obtain the molecular armour, an inclusion complex of CD and p- phenylenediamine (PPD) was prepared and then used in the synthesis of modified poly( p -phthaloyl- p -phenylenediamine) (CD@PPTA). The β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) could be anchored on the PPTA polymer chains like a molecular coating. The superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic β-CD@ANF and γ-CD@ANF membranes were constructed through the non-solvent-induced phase-inversion technique. The gratifying flux recovery (96.62%) and oil rejection (98.29%) under low pressure (0.40 bar) filtration indicated that the design of the membrane enabled its excellent anti-pollution capability. Furthermore, their ability to remove single-ring aromatic substances from the aqueous phase endowed the γ-CD@ANF membrane with excellent applicability to industrial applications. Interestingly, when treating oil-in-water emulsions containing phenol or benzoic acid , the oil separation efficiency was also enhanced. Through mechanistic analysis, this study demonstrated a new effective membrane for the simultaneous purification of practical oily wastewater containing hazardous compounds to achieve one-step removal of all pollutants to produce clean water. • Strategy of designing poly-pseudorotaxane membrane for oily wastewater separation. • One-step production of clean water using novel structured membrane treatment. • Unprecedented simultaneous removal of single-ring aromatic compounds and oil drops. • Proposal of plausible mechanisms for the simultaneous separation phenomenon.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF MAJOR SPECIES FROM LABIATAE FAMILY IN SAUDI ARABIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

A review on a medicinal plant belong to family Labiatae has been made in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Among the reported flora in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Labiatae family has the highest species. A total of 23 species of Labiatae family has been reported with high medicinal value. A detail review on 12 species of Labiatae family had done to know their phytochemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological properties. In this review we also explore the total chemical constituents present in each plant with a unique list of 3D chemical structures. (E)-2-Hexenal, 1,8-Cineole, Bicyclogermacrene, Borneol, Bornyl acetate, Bulnesol, Caffeic acid, Camphene, Camphor, Eugenol, Gallic acid, Quercetin, Terpinene, Thymol, etc are the important constituent in these 12 species of Labiatae family. This study also shows that Marrubium vulgare L, Ocimum basilicum L, Origanum majorana and Otostegia fruticosa plants had reported with many medicinal uses and pharmacological properties. Medicinal constituents include the highest phenolic, flavonoid content and strong aromatic essential oil. Further scientific investigations on these 12 species are needed to explore toxicity and clinical efficacy and as well as to explore the therapeutic effects of major secondary metabolites. The summarized information from the current review may be a useful tool for researchers to carry out further study and explore other scientific aspects of the herbs.

Study of chemical properties of insulation mixtures to be used in high-voltage equipment

Reliable operation of high-voltage oil-filled equipment directly depends on the condition of the insulation. One of the main components of the insulation system is transformer oil, which has been used for more than 120 years. However, in the light of modern requirements for insulating materials, oil is significantly inferior to synthetic esters in terms of such properties as chemical stability, environmental safety and high fire resistance. At present, the mixing of synthetic ester and transformer oil can be considered as one of the ways to improve the properties of the latter. A change in the chemical properties of an insulating liquid during its aging, and, consequently, the formation of various impurities and a change in the structure of its component composition will also affect the electrical insulating characteristics of the liquid dielectric. And the more the liquid is oxidized, the more significantly the electrophysical parameters worsen, including the main parameter — electrical strength (or breakdown voltage).This paper presents the results of a study of the chemical properties of mixtures of oil and synthetic ester during prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures. The assessment of the quality of insulating mixtures was carried out by changing such indicators as optical turbidity, acid value, ester value, peroxide value, surface tension and corrosiveness. Fluid testing results in this study indicate that blending of synthetic ester with aromatic oil at 10% and 20% (v/v) results in mixtures that show signs of a colloidal system. This is evidenced by atypical trends in the diagrams indicating the change in peroxide value, acid value and optical turbidity during their aging at a temperature of 110ºС with free access of air to the surface of the mixture. Increasing the proportion of ester in the mixture to 30% and above leads to stabilization or slowdown of chemical reactions occurring due to thermal-oxidative effects. Under thermal exposure (without air access), the addition of synthetic ester to the aromatic oil in a volume of 30% or more significantly reduces the likelihood of sediment formation due to the destruction and polycondensation of aromatic hydrocarbons in mineral oil.

Anticancer activity of micropropagated Hedychium coronarium rhizome essential oil

Cancer is a life threatening disease than any other diseases which is leading to death throughout the world. The natural products should be explored as anticancer agents which are not expensive, easily available and most beneficial to humans. Today the current research is being done on secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds present in the medicinal plants alongwith their therapeutic properties. Zingiberaceae family from centuries is used as spices and bears vast pharmacological activities including Hedychium coronarium. Also another most important characteristic of this family is the aromatic essential oil present in its leaves and rhizomes. In the present study, Hedychium coronarium rhizome essential oils were treated against human breast cancer cell line or MCF7 and human cervical cancer cell line or HeLa by MTT assay. For validation of the cytotoxic activity, MCF7 and HeLa cell were used against various concentrations of aromatic rhizome essential oil respectively. This study revealed that bioactive compound present in rhizome oil was most significantly active when tested against MCF7 and HeLa cell line.

Study on Increasing the Binding Amount of Rubber and Reinforcing Filler by Adding Aromatic Solvent Oil.

The binding amount of rubber and reinforcing filler directly affects the quality of rubber products. The effect of aromatic solvent oil (S-150) on the binding amount of rubber and reinforcing filler was studied. In order to determine the suitability of rubber after adding S-150, the curing characteristics, physical performance and tensile properties of rubber samples were tested and analyzed. Meanwhile, the microstructure of the composite was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The test results showed that the binding amount of rubber and reinforcing filler was increased after adding S-150. The density and Shore A hardness were decreased. When carbon black was 80 phr, after adding 40 phr of S-150, the rebound resilience of rubber increased by 13% on average, and the elongation at break increased by 88% on average. When white carbon black was between 10-70 phr, after adding 65 phr of S-150, the rebound resilience of rubber increased by 9% on average, and the elongation at break increased by 51% on average. Modulus at 100% and tensile strength were decreased. Meanwhile, it could be judged from the microstructure results that the reticulation space inside the rubber was increased, the agglomerate particles were relatively uniform, and no bubbles or holes were observed. The mechanism that S-150 could increase the binding amount of rubber was analyzed according to the like-dissolves-like principle. This research achievement could lead to improvements in the quality of rubber products and promote their practical application.

Biomedical Activities of Florasol

Florasol is an acyclic alcohol of diterpene regularly available in certain aromatic plants' essential oils, such as Lantana radula and Cleome serrata. Florasol is a plant phytochemical phytoconstituent which is extensively spread in nature. Florasol is a branched-chain unsaturated alcohol which is present day in all plants in the form of chlorophyll. Cytotoxic, antibiotic chemotherapy, antidiabetic, anti-hyperalgesic, antimutagenic, anti-teratogenic, anticonvulsant, anti-schistosomal, lipid restriction, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-scratching behavioral effects, antifungal, anti-inflammatory antispasmodic, anxiolytic, hair growth facilitator, antidepressant, and immune adjuvant have been shown evidence to have florasol as well as its derivatives. Recent investigations with florasol (PYT) demonstrated anxiolytic, metabolism-modulating, cytotoxic, antioxidant, autophagy- and apoptosis-inducing, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and antimicrobial effects. The benefit of florasol in the human body is necessary. In reference to technological bases, patent present a wide range of pharmacological and commercial applications such as cosmetics, hypolipidemic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant. Therefore, it is necessary to explore florasol molecules, which present high pharmacological potential from scientific and technological points of view, in search of transference of technologies to generate economical and industrial growth.

Evaluation of the awareness of the effects of aroma oils and assessment of the antioxidant and brightening effects

Evaluation of the awareness of the effects of aroma oils and assessment of the antioxidant and brightening effects

Studies on Several Medicinal Benefits of Plant Juniperus communis

Juniperus communis Lin is a fragrant evergreen plant of family Pinaceae; Cupressaceae. The aromatic shrub has great potential in treatment of human and animal diseases. The plant is great source of invert sugars, wax, gums, resins, flavonoids leucoanthocyanins, organic acids, aromatic oils, terpenic acids, alkaloids, tannins, lignins, catechin, etc. Berries of juniper or plant extract used as emmenogogue, sudorific, carminative, diuretic, urinary antiseptic, digestive, and anti-inflammatory. The experiments have demonstrated that the plant’s extract as well as essential oils from plant have antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Recent studies uncovered the hypolipidemic and cytotoxic activities from Juniperus berries in experimental study. Recent study also shown the insect repellant and insecticidal activity. Thus, the plant or shrub is treasure of medicinal properties, of which some are discovered and some are undiscovered. There is need to study the plant for new activities that can aid in treating many chronic diseases.