Flat Piece Research Articles

Experimental analysis of pressure deviation-induced film cooling effectiveness deviation in pressure sensitive paint measurement

The use of the Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) measurement method allows for obtaining dense, completely adiabatic film cooling effectiveness (η) results. In order to adapt to the increasing trend of high-speed and complexity in the application scenarios of film cooling, the pressure deviation-induced film cooling effectiveness deviation in PSP measurements needs to be quantified and corrected. Initially, two different jets of specific materials were injected into a dual-hole flat plate test piece. The pressure difference at corresponding positions of the two jet flows was measured to demonstrate that, compared to air, a ternary oxygen mixed gas better simulated the pressure field of the foreign gas. This illustrates the feasibility of the Test3-OM correction method. Building upon this, the influence of pressure deviation on the accuracy of measurement results was quantitatively evaluated in various scenarios, including a flat circular hole, film holes with a compound angle, a converging slot hole, and film holes at three positions on the blade. The results indicate that the pressure deviation-induced η deviation is non-negligible under conditions of high blowing ratios in most positions. Particularly in the low η region, there is a higher sensitivity to pressure deviation. Generally, there is a negative deviation region near the hole downstream, and a positive deviation region slightly downstream. The generation of deviations stems from variations in density, resulting in different flow patterns of the jet near the wall surface.

Comparing the in-plane shear moduli of cardboard measured by flexural vibration, torsional vibration, static torsion, off-axis vibration, and off-axis tension tests

Abstract Flexural vibration (FV), torsional vibration (TV), static torsion (ST), longitudinal vibration (OAV), and tension (OAT) of 45° off-axis tests of flat pieces of cardboards were analyzed to determine the in-plane shear modulus (IPSM) using samples of various widths. The analyses were performed with simulations using the finite element method (FEM) for models with and without lamination and physical experiments using cardboard samples. For the FV, TV, and ST tests, the IPSM was calculated using binary search (BS) and linear regression (LR). The FEM results suggest that the IPSM values obtained from the TV and ST test simulations were affected by lamination. In contrast, the effect of lamination was not clear in the FV, OAV, and OAT test simulations. The coefficient of variation obtained from the FV experiments was often larger than that obtained from other tests. Despite this variation, the FV test is more attractive than the other tests because the experiments could be performed easily, and the effect of lamination could be reduced.

Hyper-Kähler instantons, symmetries, and flat spaces

We find all hyper-Kähler 4-manifolds admitting conformal Kähler structures with respect to either orientation, and we show that these structures can be expressed as a combination of twistor elementary states (and possibly a self-dual dyon) in locally flat spaces. The complex structures of different flat pieces are not compatible however, reflecting that the global geometry is not a linear superposition. For either orientation, the space must be Gibbons–Hawking (thus excluding the Atiyah–Hitchin metric), and, if the orientations are opposite, it must also be toric and have an irreducible Killing tensor. We also show that the only hyper-Kähler 4-metric with a non-constant Killing–Yano tensor is the half-flat Taub–NUT instanton.

Rigidity of Fibonacci Circle Maps with a Flat Piece and Different Critical Exponents

Rigidity of Fibonacci Circle Maps with a Flat Piece and Different Critical Exponents

Critical Analysis of Women in Kashmir Under Dogra Rule

This article is an attempt to analyse the status of women in the Dogra regime in the former state of Jammu and Kashmir. It seeks to examine the situation of Kashmiri women and the frustration and abuse they experienced under the Dogra regime. Similarly this paper focuses around social evils such as trafficking in women, female feticide and prostitution and also in the fight against opportunities to eradicate the dictatorial, dynastic, primitive and strict doctrines of the Middle Ages. Examines their role. Women occupy an important place in shaping the history of mankind. The tools or status added or given to women frame a flat piece to determine the net progress of the general population. Although they have been singled out / underestimated in all fields such as politics, society, education since ancient times, women have been the basis and important part of any ordinary people on earth. There is also a certainty under Jammu and Kashmir that Dogra’s cynical and barbaric rule of popular times. In addition, the rule affected the entire population of the state, both men and women.

The effect of psyllium fiber on the in vitro starch digestion of steamed and roasted wheat based dough.

This study aimed to determine how the addition of psyllium fiber to steamed and roasted wheat-based flat dough pieces affected the in vitro starch digestibility. Wheat flour was replaced with 10% psyllium fiber in the preparation of fiber-enriched dough samples. Two distinct methods of heating were utilised: steaming (100 °C, 2 min & 10 min) and roasting (100 °C, 2 min & 250 °C, 2 min). Rapidly digestible starch (RDS) fractions reduced significantly in both steamed and roasted samples, whereas slowly digestible starch (SDS) fractions increased significantly only in samples roasted at 100 °C and steamed for 2 min. The roasted samples had a lower RDS fraction than the steamed samples only when fiber was added. This study demonstrated the effect of processing method, duration, temperature, formed structure, matrix and the addition of psyllium fiber on in vitro starch digestion by altering starch gelatinization, gluten network, and consequently enzyme access to substrates.

Tensile And Formability Studies on AISI310 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium, and, occasionally, nickel and other metals that resists corrosion. Metal is made into thin, flat pieces through an industrial process called sheet metal. One of the fundamental shapes used in metalworking, it can be cut and bent into many other shapes. Metal sheet is used to create a vast array of common items. The aim of the current work is to examine the 310 austenitic stainless steel’s formability at room temperature with different strain rates (i.e 0.1&0.01mm/s). The study’s outcomes were achieved through the utilization of the Nakazima test during stretch forming. Before performing formability test, The mechanical properties of a high-strength stainless steel AISI 310 were examined by conducting tensile tests at room temperature with 0.1,0.01mm/s strain rates. The failure modes, stress-strain curves of all the test specimens were obtained and analyzed. In the current experiment, the stretch forming of different shaped metal was tested in servo electric hot forming machine with different strain rates i.e, (0.1,0.01) at room temperature and plotted forming limit diagrams based on the results. Then simulations of the experiments were performed in LS-dyna software and compared with the practical experiment results.

КОНТАКТНОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ МЕЛКОДИСПЕРСНОЙ АБРАЗИВНОЙ СРЕДЫ С ПОВЕРХНОСТЬЮ ОБРАБАТЫВАЕМОЙ ДЕТАЛИ

The study objective is to make analytical dependencies in finding the operating modes of the force action of loose grinding material on the surface of the work piece. The tasks to which the paper is devoted are to make mathematical models describing the effect of the working medium on the flat work piece surface and the numerical justification of the probability of abrasive particles rotation for ensuring the required roughness. Research methods: theoretical studies are carried out on the basis of theoretical provisions of cutting materials, grinding, elasticity and plasticity. Experimental studies are carried out according to standard methods in production and laboratory conditions using certified equipment. The novelty of the work is in developing mathematical models for determining the pressure of the abrasive medium on the surface of the parts to be machined. Conclusions: based on the conducted studies, it is shown that the most favorable conditions for machining in terms of ensuring a given surface roughness will be for parts with radial dimensions in a certain ratio with the radial size of the elastic shell of the tool for finishing abrasive treatment.

Iklan Aesthetics in Niger: Identity and Adornment from Servility to Self-agency

<i>Iklan</i> Aesthetics in Niger: Identity and Adornment from Servility to Self-agency

Origami Microwave Imaging Array: Metasurface Tiles on a Shape-Morphing Surface for Reconfigurable Computational Imaging.

Origami is the art of paper folding that allows a single flat piece of paper to assume different 3D shapes depending on the fold patterns and the sequence of folding. Using the principles of origami along with computation imaging technique the authors demonstrate a versatile shape‐morphing microwave imaging array with reconfigurable field‐of‐view and scene‐adaptive imaging capability. Microwave/millimeter‐wave based array imaging systems are expected to be the workhorse for sensory perception of future autonomous intelligent systems. The imaging capability of a planar array‐based systems operating in complex scattering conditions have limited field‐of‐view and lack the ability to adaptively reconfigure resolution. To overcome this, here, deviations from planarity and isometry are allowed, and a shape‐morphing computational imaging system is demonstrated. Implemented on a reconfigurable Waterbomb origami surface with 22 active metasurface panels that radiate near‐orthogonal modes across 17–27 GHz, capability to image complex 3D objects in full details minimizing the effects of specular reflections in diffraction‐limited sparse imaging with scene adaptability, reconfigurable cross‐range resolution, and field‐of‐view is demonstrated. Such electromagnetic origami surfaces, through simultaneous surface shape‐morphing ability (potentially with shape‐shifting electronic materials) and electromagnetic field programmability, opens up new avenues for intelligent and robust sensing and imaging systems for a wide range of applications.

Generating Optimized Trajectories for Robotic Spray Painting

In the manufacturing industry, spray painting is often an important part of the manufacturing process. Especially in the automotive industry, the perceived quality of the final product is closely linked to the exactness and smoothness of the painting process. For complex products or low batch size production, manual spray painting is often used. But in large scale production with a high degree of automation, the painting is usually performed by industrial robots. There is a need to improve and simplify the generation of robot trajectories used in industrial paint booths. A novel method for spray paint optimization is presented, which can be used to smooth out a generated initial trajectory and minimize paint thickness deviations from a target thickness. The smoothed out trajectory is found by solving, using an interior point solver, a continuous non-linear optimization problem. A two-dimensional reference function of the applied paint thickness is selected by fitting a spline function to experimental data. This applicator footprint profile is then projected to the geometry and used as a paint deposition model. After generating an initial trajectory, the position and duration of each trajectory segment are used as optimization variables. The primary goal of the optimization is to obtain a paint applicator trajectory, which would closely match a target paint thickness when executed. The algorithm has been shown to produce satisfactory results on both a simple 2-dimensional test example, and a non-trivial industrial case of painting a tractor fender. The resulting trajectory is also proven feasible to be executed by an industrial robot. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —The work is motivated by the need to generate well performing robot trajectories in robotized spray-painting booths. The described method applies to cases where robotic spray painting is to be used for painting a surface with an even layer of paint at a specified thickness. The method generates and optimizes robot trajectories and is shown to be able to generate a satisfactory paint cover for simple test cases as well as more realistic industrial cases. For a user it could be implemented as is, or be obtained as a standalone service, but there are some prerequisites that need to be fulfilled to make use of the optimization method. It is assumed that the surface to be painted is available as a CAD-model and that physical testing has been performed to determine the characteristics of the paint and nozzle. These physical tests amount to spraying paint on a flat piece of material at a few different distances from the surface and measuring the cross section of the paint thickness. The resulting trajectory can be executed on any industrial painting robot that can handle linear motion commands.

Medical Mysteries: Identifying Recipes in the Carpenter Family Papers

Medical Mysteries: Identifying Recipes in the Carpenter Family Papers Alyssa M. Ollier (bio) Introduction The Carpenter family papers collection (MSS 47) at the Kentucky Historical Society (KHS) contains a wide variety of material spanning over 140 years of Kentucky history. The collection is best known for containing the sour mash/sweet mash whiskey recipes associated with Catherine Carpenter, but this famous document is only one of several found within the collection that were used in the day-to-day management of the Carpenter farm in Casey County, Kentucky.1 Though these recipes for medicines, dyes, and other household needs have not received as much attention, they nevertheless contain fascinating details about life in rural Kentucky in the early-nineteenth century. The recipes for medicine and other cures are rife with opportunities for research. Of the five non-whiskey recipes in this category, two are simple enough to understand: a “Recipe for Bitters” and a “Recipe for a Canser [sic].”2 Though undated, both recipes are attributed to named authors: Lindsey Powell and Conrad Carpenter, Catherine [End Page 189] Carpenter’s brother-in-law, respectively. Their listed ingredients and methods align with other contemporary recipes for the same purposes, for example, concoctions of tree bark, roots, plants, and herbs either applied to the skin or mixed with alcohol and taken orally. The third recipe is untitled but signed by George Carpenter, another brother-in-law.3 It, too, instructs the user to boil together the roots and bark of several plants, and was most likely intended to be either ingested or applied as medicine. The final two medicinal recipes in the collection, on the other hand, are less straightforward. A Cure for Miserable Swine? The first of these curiosities contains no author or date, but it was listed in the finding aid for the Carpenter family papers as a “Recipe for ‘curing of the swine.’”4 However, a closer examination of the text of the manuscript reveals that the word presumed to be “swine” has a “y” at the end.5 Another transcriber had taken the word to be “misery,” but that is also incorrect. This document is, in fact, a recipe for “curing of the sweney.” According to an article published by Kentucky Equine Research, “sweney,” or sweeney, is a condition that occurs when the nerves in a horse’s shoulder have been damaged.6 Sweeney can cause muscle atrophy, pain, and even lameness in the afflicted animal, so it was a serious problem for those who relied on horses for their livelihood and transportation. An advertisement for a supposed treatment for sweeney in an 1840 issue of the Richmond Palladium contains the [End Page 190] following testimonial from one such horse owner: “Having for the last ten years been more or less engaged in driving and trading horses, I have seen a great many articles tried for the Sweney . . . I procured some of Smith’s Liniment . . . and find it far superior to any thing [sic] of the kind of I ever saw.”7 The “cure for sweney” in the Carpenter family papers is especially interesting because it is not a recipe for a liniment or other medicinal product.8 Rather, it is an example of folk medicine, specifically the practice in which an ailment is supposedly transferred to another being or object by way of a ritual.9 Click for larger view View full resolution Recipe for “curing of the sweney,” no date. Image courtesy Carpenter Family Papers, MSS 47, Kentucky Historical Society. [End Page 191] The recipe instructs the practitioner to remove part of the horse’s skin near the affected shoulder and place the skin in a hole bored in the east side of a fruit-bearing tree. Recipe for Curing of the Sweney You will take the Brute before Sun Rise and make the Brute Stand with its head towards Sun Rise then take a Crooked awl and stick it in the skin [of?] the Shoulder that is lame and cut out three pieces of skin and take a flat piece of wood & Run it in at the whole and run it between the skin and the flesh and take the three pieces of skin and...

Temperature control of vibrating heat-generating hardware using spray evaporative cooling in the nucleate boiling region

A temperature control approach using evaporative spray cooling of vibrating surfaces in the nucleate boiling region is proposed and verified experimentally. This is relevant to temperature control of heat-generating automotive vehicle components. By exploiting an experimentally calibrated dynamic correlation model to represent evaporative spray cooling of a flat test-piece, a PID controller has been adopted with emphasis focused on the choice of gain parameters to ensure both stability of temperature control, and favourable responses in terms of relevant performance measures. Optimum linearisation of the correlation model has been achieved by solving an appropriate Wiener-Hopf equation, mainly to undertake a practical stability assessment of the closed-loop temperature control system. To verify the predicted control system performance, experimental measurements have been obtained from an instrumented, and spray-evaporatively-cooled, flat test-piece exposed to displacement vibration from a shaker. Experimental testing, appropriate to automotive vehicle component applications, includes large-amplitude, low frequency vibration at 12 mm and 1.9 Hz, and low amplitude, high-frequency vibration at 0.02 mm and 400 Hz. To assess the effects of different PID controller gains on the thermal performance of the thermal management system, a coefficient of performance (COP) is used, defined as the ratio of heat power removal to the required pumping power. To achieve a reduction in the settling time, and an increase in the rise time of stable control, a PID controller with a negative proportional gain showed most promising results. A 10.5% increase in COP was achieved in comparison to a PID controller with positive gains. This information is useful for the design and optimization of thermal management systems using evaporative spray cooling.

Could Bio-Inspired Nacre-Like Ceramics be Suitable to Fabricate Musical Instruments?

In the past, natural ceramic biomaterials like bones and seashells were used to make music. Today, ceramics are largely absent from the musical scene. Yet, recent development of bio-inspired ceramics could be used to create musical instruments that emulate sound from ancient times, that do not make use of endangered animal species or that enable exploration of new types of music. In this paper, the question of whether bio-inspired ceramics would be suitable for usage in musical instrument is posed. The study focusses on nacre-like alumina ceramics of various compositions and their suitability to be used, fabricated, and to produce sound are discussed based on materials’ properties. It is found that flat pieces could be produced with high throughput for making idiophones or parts of musical instruments to increase the sound radiance, for example, and that complex shapes could be produced by a craftsperson to reproduce other musical instruments’ designs or create new ones using 3D printing technologies. The potential application of such ceramics for music could also open ideas in architecture where tiles are used, for example. Future work to enable these applications should be on more thorough characterisation of dynamic properties according to standards, scaled-up and reliable fabrication processes, and evaluation of the sound produced.

AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR TEACHING TENDON REPAIR AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE IN HAND SURGERY.

At the beginning of the medical career, the orthopedic surgeon in academic training needs valid methodologies for training complex surgeries in tissues that simulate real situations. With training in animal tissue, adapted to approach human tissue, it is possible to simulate procedures and decisions that will be necessary in real situations. This study consists in presenting a simple and reproducible simulation model for surgical repair of tendons by training on fresh tendons fixed on a wooden frame. The model construction consists of a flat piece of Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) and two threaded hooks were used on the board, to which Nylon threads are attached to tie the tendon, allowing a satisfactory simulation of a human tendon. This is a simple, inexpensive, and effective method for tendon suturing training, through which the trainee can develop repair techniques and basic surgical principles, such as instrument handling, safety, and sharps disposal. This approach aims to improve the trainee's skills and dexterity when placed in live surgery. The surgical techniques developed include the modified Kessler and Bunnel sutures. Level of Evidence IV, Descriptive Study .

Automatic Pneumatic Sheet Metal Feeding and Cutting Machine

Abstract: Today in the rapid competition of the industries to get the best quality of the product in the minimum required time is the main aim of industries. To get the best quality and maximum production most advanced machines are used. But there are no facts that use only the advanced machines, to maintain their performance is real requirement of the industries, also to give proper facilities to the workers with good environmental condition and to reduce their efforts is one of the objects to achieve the best quality and high production. Sheet metal is simply a metal formed into thin and flat pieces. It is one of the fundamental forms used in metal working and can be cut and bent into a variety of different shapes. Countless everyday objects are constructed of the material. Thicknesses can vary significantly, although extremely thin thicknesses are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate. Sheet metal also has applications in car bodies, airplane wings, medical tables, roofs for buildings (Architectural) and many other things. Sheet metal of iron and other materials with high magnetic permeability, also known as laminated steel cores, has applications in transformers and electric machines. There are three primary procedures in Layout. They are Parallel, Radial, and Triangulation. The major aim to our experiment is to study about pneumatic control system, study about double acting cylinder, study about the advantage of pneumatic hand operated valve and study about high speed blade. We are using scissors for simple sheet metal cutting. It is a manual method so that sheet metals are to be wasted sometimes because of mistakes happened such as wrong dimensions etc., and also even a simple cutting may take long time. We are using a pneumatic system for sheet metal cutting in an easy way. It is operated by a pneumatic hand lever of two ways control valve. Control valve is operated by a compressor. Keywords: Pneumatic, Automation, Sheet Metal, Pneumatic, Valve, Cutting Machine

Publisher’s Note: Chips—A New Open Access Journal on Integrated Circuit

A chip is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or “chip”) of semiconductor material [...]

Perturbative diagonalization for Maryland-type quasiperiodic operators with flat pieces

We consider quasiperiodic operators on Zd with unbounded monotone sampling functions (“Maryland-type”), which are not required to be strictly monotone and are allowed to have flat segments. Under several geometric conditions on the frequencies, lengths of the segments, and their positions, we show that these operators enjoy Anderson localization at large disorder.

A PRÁTICA DA TESSELAÇÃO: RACIONALIZAÇÃO CONSTRUTIVA DE PAINÉIS ARQUITETÔNICOS COMPLEXOS

A técnica mais usual para tornar exequíveis painéis resultantes de geometrias complexas advindas de superfícies arquitetônicas irregulares tem sido a tesselação. Essa técnica de divisão de polígonos viabiliza a execução de painéis para fachadas, estruturas espaciais, brises, elementos decorativos, etc. A divisão objetiva a formação de peças planas, sem distorções estéticas e com relativa perda de suavidade da formação inicial. Essa divisão não pode ser arbitrária, já que o conjunto de formas deve estar preferencialmente dentro de um número finito e mais facilmente determinável. São realizados os seguintes ensaios: estudo da abordagem inicial da tesselação, operação de discretizar, análise gaussiana, operação de otimizar e, por fim, legitimação do resultado. Essas ações tornam adequadas a construção da forma irregular arquitetônica (variável em relação à escala), simplificando formas geométricas em níveis muito específicos. Os resultados da pesquisa apresentam reflexões no sentido de tornar realizável a construção das superfícies complexas, organizando a subdivisão em etapas, para garantir satisfatória exequibilidade: facilidade de execução das peças, logística de manuseio e transporte, compatibilização entre a estrutura e a vedação, execução no local.Palavras Chave: subdivisão de superfícies, adequação construtiva, superfícies de formas livres.

Revolutionizing education system with interactive augmented reality for quality education

Augmented reality would soon impact the modern learning cycle in education. AR has the ability to alter research location and timing, adding new and additional forms and methods. Augmented Reality technology’s capabilities will make classes more interactive and knowledgeable. We all are 3D creatures. Our brain is the most powerful 3D computer technology in the world. All of us have evolved to think and store memory in 3-dimensions i.e when we look at the information in a flat piece of paper or computer screen, our brain takes its own time to translate it back to a 2D visual and store it. This is how our education system is, it started with textbook material and recently educators have started encouraging the use of smart classes which again shows videos. As a result, there is no practical exposure that lags us a step behind. This is where a promising technology of the future called Augmented Reality holds for us. Learners will have a 360-degree view of the real-world entities, interacting with those entities by touching them which will eventually make them have better insight about the concepts. Hence our learning curve decreases increasing the brain's productivity. With the development of smartphones, Augmented Reality is applied to a broader range. Augmented reality can turn an ordinary classroom into an engaging experience. The aim is to implement an interactive Augmented Reality Experience using Vuforia, Unity 3D and Blender. The purpose is to promote situational learning, experimental learning, transformative learning as the learning theory basis of mobile Augmented Reality.