Flat Material Research Articles

Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Materi Bangun Datar Kelas IV SD 1 Gondosari

This study aims to analyze the learning difficulties of fourth grade students on flat building material at SD 1 Gondosari, Gebog, Kudus Regency. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews involving students and teachers as research subjects. The results showed that students' learning difficulties were influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors include negative attitudes towards mathematics, lack of understanding of concepts, difficulties in numeracy skills, and problem-solving ability. External factors include less than optimal use of learning media and lack of attention from parents. The findings show that students' main difficulties are in understanding the concept of the formula, calculating the square area, and solving varied problems. Therefore, it is important for teachers to understand students' development and use innovative learning media and involve parents in their children's learning process.

Finite Elastic Deformations of Initially Flat Thin Rubber-Like Materials

This contribution aims to derive a nonlinear FE formulation for large elastic deformation of hyperelastic thin rubber-like elastomeric materials. The formulation accounts for isotropic as well as transversely isotropic rubber-like materials. Besides, with the developed formulation, deformation of incompressible as well as compressible materials can be investigated. The formulation is applicable for in-plane and out-of-plane deformation of thin membranes. Several problems are inspected including uniaxial and equibiaxial extension of rubber, axisymmetric deformation of annular sheet, stretching a perforated rubber, extension of an anisotropic rubber, and inflation of an initially-flat circular and a square membrane. The results show very good agreement compared with those reported in the literature. Moreover, this model is able to model the inflation of initially flat membranes which is not possible to be done by commercial software.

Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Ditinjau Dari Tingkat Resiliensi Matematis Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis T.A. 2023/2024

The aim of this study is to determine if mathematical resilience and capacity for creative thought are related among eighth-grade mathematics students at SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. This study employs a quantitative research design with a descriptive technique to gather data on students' proficiency in solving mathematical problems using rectangular flat materials. The study's population comprises all grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis, which consists of 10 classes. From this population, a sample of 30 students from class VIII-7 was selected and categorized into three levels of mathematical resilience: high, medium, and low. The mathematical creative thinking skills of these 30 students were subsequently analyzed to explore the relationship between mathematical resilience and creative thinking abilities using specific instruments. The instruments employed include the Mathematical Resilience Test and the Mathematical Creativity Test. The analysis of mathematical creative thinking skills is based on four indicators: (1) fluency of thinking, (2) flexibility of thinking, (3) originality of thinking, and (4) elaboration ability. The results from the simple regression analysis yielded the regression equation \(Y = 0.387 + 0.3867X\). In this equation, the coefficient for X is positive, indicating a positive linear relationship between the two variables. Additionally, the calculation of the simple correlation coefficient resulted in \(R_{cal} = 0.528\), which suggests a moderate correlation. This indicates that the ability to think creatively in mathematics is influenced by 27.9% of the mathematical resilience among Grade VIII students when solving problems related to rectangular flat shapes

MarBel Math: Android-Based Electronic Mathematics Book to Enhance Learning Outcomes for Fourth-Grade Students

The limitations in providing innovative learning media that align with the developments in Science and Technology negatively impact students, such as difficulty understanding the material, low learning motivation, and poor learning outcomes. This research aims to develop an Android-based electronic book learning media named MarBel Math for flat shapes material in the fourth grade of Elementary School. This research employs the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model, which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data collection techniques utilize both test and non-test methods. The data analysis technique involves both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. The validation results from content experts yielded an average score of 92%, classified as "very suitable," In the validation test by media experts, an average score of 85% was obtained, classified as "suitable". The study utilized t-test and n-gain analysis to assess the effectiveness of implementing MarBel Math learning media. This test revealed an average increase in student learning outcomes by 68%, with the average increasing from the initial or pre-test score of 54 to 85 in the post-test. From these results, MarBel Math learning media is considered to have very suitable qualifications for use in learning activities and is quite effective in improving student learning outcomes, especially in mathematics learning for flat shapes material in fourth-grade Elementary School.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Picture And Picture Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Materi Bangun Datar Pelajaran Matematika Kelas I SD Alfityah Pekanbaru

The low learning outcomes of students in flat shapes material in grade 1 elementary school mathematics lessons is the main problem faced. Students often have difficulty understanding the basic concepts of flat shapes taught conventionally. The aim of the research is to improve student learning outcomes by using the Picture and Picture learning model for Flat Building Material in Mathematics Lessons. This research method includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation and reflection. The research results obtained are (1) teacher activity in cycle I using the Picture and Picture learning model from 83.92% to 92.85% in the cycle II, (2) student activities in cycle I using the Picture and Picture model 75% to 91% in cycle II and (3) learning outcomes for Flat Figure material in Mathematics lessons in cycle I using the Picture and Picture model 60% to 90% in cycle II. This shows that the student learning outcomes for Mathematics Lesson Flat Figure Material using the Picture and Picture Learning model show very positive results.

Response properties of lattice metamaterials under periodically distributed boundary loads

We discuss response properties of lattice metamaterials to sinusoidal distributed static loads applied on a material edge. Analytical displacement solutions are obtained using a Fourier domain transfer matrix for both essential and natural boundary conditions, which are valid for a state of plane strain in orthorhombic lattices, as well as for planar metasurfaces. These solutions give sinusoidal displacement profiles in the material interior of the same wavenumber (spatial frequency) as the boundary load. Their amplitudes decay in the material interior in one of two possible ways, exponential or oscillatory exponential, depending on the lattice design and on the spatial frequency of the load. There is a tendency for the oscillatory exponential behavior to occur at lower wavenumbers representing smoother boundary loads. As explained on a specific example, comparing the metamaterial’s response amplitudes with those of a homogenous material also allows studying an effective, wavenumber-dependent shear modulus of the lattice, which can take both positive and negative values.

THE INFLUENCE OF TANGRAM MEDIA ON STUDENTS' INTEREST TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ ENTHUSIASTISM IN LEARNING

This research was motivated by students' low interest in learning due to a lack of enthusiasm for learning in mathematics subjects, so that students were not interested in learning, liked to talk to friends, and did not pay attention to the teacher when teaching during the learning process. And also by using learning media that does not involve students in the teaching and learning process so that students are less enthusiastic in learning, not motivated because they are not involved in learning and causes students to be inactive during learning. This research aims to determine the influence of tangram media on students' interest in learning flat shape material in class IV at SD Negeri 30 Palembang. This research was carried out at SD Negeri 30 Palembang which is located on Jl. Freshwater River, 29 Ilir, Kec. Ilir Barat II, Palembang City, South Sumatra. This research is a type of experimental research, namely the True Experimental Design type. The population and sample in this research were fourth grade students at SD Negeri 30 Palembang, totaling 32 students in the control class and 32 students in the experimental class. Data collection techniques in this research are observation, questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this research include Normality Test, Homogeneity Test, Hypothesis Test. The results of this research are hypothesis testing showing that t count ≥ t table or 6.938 ≥ 0.349, so it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that there is an influence of tangram media on students' interest in learning flat shape material in class IV at SD Negeri 30 Palembang.

Teaching Materials Based on Ethnomathematics of Muaro Jambi Temple

The mathematics teaching materials teachers use are complex for students to understand, and there needs to be elements of cultural content. Based on this, this research aims to develop flat-building teaching materials based on the ethnomathematics of Muaro Jambi Temple. This type of research is development research using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The methods used to collect data are observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The instruments used to collect data were questionnaire sheets and test questions. The validation stage is divided into two stages: validation 1 by three experts (material, design, and language) and validation 2 by the teacher to see the practicality of the teaching materials. The data analysis technique uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The research results showed that the validation of material experts with presentations was 83.5%, design experts 86.7%, and language experts 85.2%. The teacher's practicality test obtained 77%, and the student's response to the teaching materials obtained a presentation of 90%. The validation results show that the teaching materials developed are efficient in the mathematics learning process and meet valid and practical criteria. It was concluded that the Muaro Jambi Temple ethnomathematics-based flat building teaching materials were suitable for learning.

Innovative Learning Media: Ethnomathematics-based Modules for Third-Grade of Elementary School Students

Low learning outcomes on the properties of flat shapes for grade three elementary school students are indicated due to the unavailability of adequate modules. Meanwhile, third-grade students find it easier to learn math through cultural sites as a form of ethnomathematics. This study aims to develop an ethnomathematics-based module that is valid, practical, and effective in improving the learning outcomes of third-grade students on the material properties of flat shapes. This study uses the research and development method through the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE). The subjects of this study were 22 third-grade elementary school students. The validity of the module was measured through validator assessment using a validation questionnaire. The practicality of the module was measured using a student response questionnaire. Effectiveness was measured by comparing pre-test and post-test scores. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and tests. The validity results obtained an average value of 1 in the interval 0.80-1,00 with very valid criteria. Practicality obtained a value of 94% in the interval 85.01%-100% with very practical criteria. Effectiveness obtained a significance value of 0.000<0.05, which can improve student learning outcomes. Hence, the implication of the results of this development research is to provide a model or example of valid, practical, and effective ethnomathematics-based modules to improve the learning outcomes of third-grade students on the properties of flat shapes material.

Elementary teacher’s perspective critical thinking process in analyzing mathematics problems: Right triangles

In the learning process that occurs, many students work quickly, but the results obtained are not accurate. This is because students do not carry out the evaluation process. This research aims to analyze students’ critical thinking processes in solving mathematics problems. The questions discussed are flat geometry material, especially right triangles. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The subjects were 13 students Elementary School Teacher, Faculty Teacher Training and Education, University Muhammadiyah of Malang. Subjects were selected using the purposive sampling method. The questions were given to 50 potential respondents and only 13 students were able to analyze them correctly. This research has resulted in 13 subjects being able to write information using their language at the interpretation stage. In the analysis stage, this subject can find the latest information by connecting previous knowledge with information obtained while studying in class. Evaluation Stage, 13 subjects were able to carry out the evaluation process by linking the main information found. In the interpretation stage, all subjects can draw a conclusion accompanied by reasons to support the answers and conclusions obtained. Communication and regulation stage, 13 subjects were able to communicate and carry out the process well.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Accelerated Learning Tipe Message (Mindset, Entrance, Switch-Ownership, Store, Act, Go-again, Engage) pada Peserta Didik Kelas 5 SDN Dukuh Kupang V Surabaya

This research aims to improve mathematics learning outcomes in flat volume material through the application of the MESSAGE Type Accelerated Learning learning model (Mindset, Entrance, Switch-Ownership, Store, Act, Go-again, Engage) in grade 5 students at SDN Dukuh Kupang V Surabaya . The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The research results showed a significant increase in students' mathematics learning outcomes. In the pre-cycle, the percentage of student learning completion only reached 55%. After implementing the MESSAGE learning model in cycle I, the percentage of student learning completion increased to 70%. In cycle II, the percentage of student learning completeness further increased to 85%. This increase shows that the application of the MESSAGE Type Accelerated Learning learning model is effective in improving mathematics learning outcomes regarding volume of plane shapes in class 5 students. Based on the results of this research, it is concluded that the use of the MESSAGE learning model can increase student involvement and facilitate better understanding of concepts, thus having a positive impact on their mathematics learning outcomes. It is recommended for educators to consider using this model as an alternative in teaching mathematics.

The capability of diffuse coplanar surface barrier plasma to effectively remove contaminants from surfaces of various materials

AbstractUsing the fluorescence method, the study quantifies the cleaning efficiency of flat surfaces of selected materials (steel, polymethyl methacrylate, glass) compared to the usual cleaning methods: cleaning using ultrasound and cleaning using solutions (ethanol/isopropyl alcohol – isopropanol). Cleaning using ethanol/isopropanol solutions was carried out in such a way as to simulate common procedures: rubbing, rinsing and a combination of application of the solution and ultrasound. Based on the prepared and evaluated (following the average at several places on the surface) values of fluorescence maps of material surfaces, the resulting values of fluorescence before/after cleaning or at the selected moment of degreasing/cleaning of surfaces (applies to steel) were determined. The application of diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge plasma discharge to the surfaces of flat materials can provide: a reduction in the environmental burden (no chemicals are needed to clean the surfaces) and an improvement in the efficiency of surface cleaning in industrial/manufacturing conditions (plasma cleaning usually takes a few seconds). diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge plasma can clean and simultaneously activate the surfaces of flat materials.

THE DIFFICULTY OF CONTEXTUAL PROBLEM SOLVING ON FLAT BUILDINGS MATERIAL BASED ON GENDER IN FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS

Problem solving difficulty is one of the difficulties experienced by students when choosing the correct strategy to obtain an answer. In general, problem solving problems are contextual in nature that are based on student reality. The difficulty of solving contextual problems, especially in flat building material, causes math subjects to be unpopular with students. In solving contextual problem solving problems, the ability of each student will be different which can be seen from gender differences, namely men and women. The goal of this study is to characterize the disparities in fifth-grade students at Gondang 1 State Elementary School as well as the challenges that male and female students face when attempting to solve contextual problems with flat shapes. Descriptive qualitative research is employed in this kind of study. Teachers and students in the fifth grade served as the research subjects. Semi-structured interviews, documentation, and observation were the methods of data collecting that were employed. Technique and source triangulation were employed in data validity methodologies. Data reduction, data visualization, and conclusion drafting are examples of data analysis approaches. The results showed that male students had difficulty developing a problem solving plan, difficulty counting, especially multiplication and division, difficulty checking or looking back at the results of the work and they were not accustomed to writing conclusions to the problems asked in the problem. Meanwhile, female students have difficulty operating multiplication and division, are less careful in checking back the results of work and are not accustomed to writing conclusions to the problems asked in the problem. The difference in the difficulty of solving contextual problems of flat building material between male and female students lies in the second stage, namely developing a problem-solving plan and the fourth stage, namely checking or looking back.

ANALISIS PEMILIHAN SUPPLIER KACA LEMBARAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS DAN TOPSIS

PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the automotive manufacturing sector since 1984, producing various kinds of car and motorcycle mirrors, electric door mirrors, auto lamps, lamp cases, and grilles. The majority of the company's customers are large-scale automotive companies, so they want excellent product quality. In improving product quality in terms of price, materials and services, this company requires the right supplier to continue to compete and maintain the company. The problem with the company requires a method for selecting priority suppliers so that the company can meet customer demands and increase its competitiveness. To solve these problems, researchers used the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method and the Technique for Orders Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Supplier selection is carried out by considering 5 criteria, 10 sub-criteria, and 5 alternative suppliers. The results of the Fuzzy AHP calculation show that the first rank is SP2 with a weight of 0.392, followed by SP1 with a weight of 0.271, SP5 with a weight of 0.134, SP3 with a weight of 0.103, and finally SP4 with a weight of 0.100. Meanwhile, in the TOPSIS calculation, SP2 was obtained as the first rank with a weight of 0.847; followed by SP1 with a weight of 0.604, then SP4 with a weight of 0.506, SP5 with a weight of 0.488, and finally SP3 with a weight of 0.486. So the conclusion from this study is Supplier 2 (SP2) as the best alternative for the company to be prioritized in ordering flat glass raw materials based on the results of weight calculations using the FAHP and TOPSIS methods.

Surface reconstruction and thickness error calculation of optical components with a complex curved surface

The increasing demand for free-form irregular optical components in both military and civilian sectors has made the inspection of such unique shapes a central challenge that hinders their production and use. In particular, the shape and thickness errors of low- and medium-precision components thermally pressed from flat optical materials are greater than those of hard brittle optical components fabricated by subtractive manufacturing, and the resulting impact on human vision is more severe. Reasonable, convenient, efficient, and accurate 3D scanning and data processing for surface reconstruction that combines application scenarios and batch manufacturing needs are urgently needed. Based on the principles of optical ray tracing and triangulation processing, the sampling and calculation of optical path thickness proposed in this paper effectively establish a theoretical model for macroscopic distortion, providing a reasonable solution for distortion correction, batch manufacturing of free-form surface pressing formed components, and defect repair.

Cis-Platinum and CXCR4 siRNA Carried with Cellulose Nanopaper Restrain the Biological Effect of Breast Carcinoma Cells

Cellulose nanopaper (CNP) is a kind of flat foldable film material composed of cellulose nanofibers. Cellulose nanopaper is based on nanocellulose (NC) as the basic unit, with excellent mechanical properties, thermal properties, optical properties and other characteristics, is a high-performance new material. This study discusses the mechanism of cis-platinum and CXCR4 siRNA carried with CNP in restraining the biological effect of breast carcinoma cells. CXCR4 siRNA carried with CNP was established and identified. The MCF-7 cells were divided into control set, si-CXCR4 set, cis-platinum set and united set randomly. The proliferative and apoptotic activity, CXCR4 presentation, presentation of EMT, and invasive ability were detected. mRNA and protein expression of CXCR4 was restrained by knockdown of CXCR4 notably. The proliferation was restrained and apoptosis was prompted. Expression of E-cadherin was increased and Zeb1 presentation was reduced. The invasive ability was restrained. The action was more notable in united set. Breast carcinoma cell proliferation was restrained and the apoptosis was prompted by cis-platinum and CXCR4 siRNA carried with CNP. The occurrence of EMT and invasion were therefore restrained. The sensibility of breast carcinoma on drugs was elevated.

Crystal net catalog of model flat band materials

Flat band systems are currently under intense investigation in quantum materials, optical lattices, and metamaterials. These efforts are motivated by potential realization of strongly correlated phenomena enabled by frustration-induced flat band dispersions; identification of candidate platforms plays an important role in these efforts. Here, we develop a high-throughput materials search for bulk crystalline flat bands by automated construction of uniform-hopping near-neighbor tight-binding models. We show that this approach captures many of the essential features relevant to identifying flat band lattice motifs in candidate materials in a computationally inexpensive manner, and is of use to identify systems for further detailed investigation as well as theoretical and metamaterials studies of model systems. We apply this algorithm to 139,367 materials in the Materials Project database and identify 63,076 materials that host at least one flat band elemental sublattice. We further categorize these candidate systems into at least 31,635 unique flat band crystal nets and identify candidates of interest from both lattice and band structure perspectives. This work expands the number of known flat band lattices that exist in physically realizable crystal structures and classifies the majority of these systems by the underlying lattice, providing additional insights for familiar (e.g., kagome, pyrochlore, Lieb, and dice) as well as previously unknown motifs.

Description of Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Ability on Flat Build Material Based on Gender Class VIII Mts Ar-Rahman Kaju

This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach which aims to determine the description of students' mathematical problem solving abilities in flat shapes material based on Gender Class VIII MTs Ar-Rahman Kaju which is arranged based on indicators of problem solving abilities, namely indicators of understanding problems, planning solutions, resolving problems and examining return. The data obtained is the result of interviews with 2 male students and 2 female students. The data collection methods used were observation, interviews and problem solving ability tests. The results in this study show that female students are better at solving mathematics problems than male students. It can be seen from this research that female students completed all four indicators of mathematical problem solving ability, while male students were only able to complete two of the indicators of mathematical problem solving ability.

Analysis of multicultural mathematics learning with RACISM and students' social attitudes

Multicultural learning is a strategy for creating a learning environment and designing a learning experience that integrates culture as part of the learning process. In multicultural learning, culture becomes a method for students to transform the results of their observations into creative forms and principles of nature so that the role of students is not merely to imitate or receive information, but to act as a creation of meaning and understanding. Subjects such as Citizenship Education, Social Sciences, Natural Science, Cultural Arts and Skills are considered to contribute to multicultural learning, but mathematics subjects can also contribute. The research aimed to find out how the use of multicultural learning in mathematical learning, on flat building materials, affected students' racism and social attitudes. This is a qualitative descriptive study that uses the interview method to gather data. The results will be qualitatively analyzed. Interviews were conducted to find out how multiculturalism is integrated into learning, how knowledge construction is built through cultural influences, how prejudice reduction occurs, how equality pedagogy is implemented, how the empowerment of school culture occurs in the learning process, and how it impacts in tackling racism and social attitudes of students after using such learning.

Analysis Of Students' Learning Interest In Learning Mathematics With The Assistance Of Geogebra Software In Class V Of Madrasah Darul Ulum Mancilan

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of knowing the use of geogebra software on students' learning interest in square and rectangular flat building materials. The subjects of this research were 28 students in class V of Madrasah Darul Ulum Mancilan 12 women and 16 men. This study used quantitative descriptive and the instrument used, namely non-test containing questionnaires in the form of student statements on the interest in learning flat building material assisted by geogebra software with 20 statements consisting of 4 indicator. The results of this study showed an indicator of feeling happy the average percentage obtained 81.1% of the category was very high, both indicators of student interest Resulting in an average percentage of 82.8% in the very high category, the three indicators of student engagement with an average percentage of 72.5% in the high category and finally the engagement indicator produced an average percentage of 78.7% in the high category. The overall percentage of the analysis of student learning interest indicators resulted in 78.6% being in the high category.