Fixed-point Monitoring Research Articles

Investigation on coal permeability evolution considering the internal differential strain and its effects on CO2 sequestration capacity in deep coal seams

The gas adsorption/desorption-induced coal deformation effect is a significant factor governing the evolution of coalbed permeability. Current theoretical investigations typically coal bulk and fracture deformation induced by gas are equivalent, neglecting the matrix-fracture interactions. Based on internal adsorption stress, this paper proposes Internal Differential Strain Coefficient (IDSC) to quantitatively characterize the relationship between coal bulk and fracture strain under equilibrium conditions. Coupling this coefficient constructs a binary gas permeability evolution model considering matrix-fracture interactions. Through numerical simulations of CO2-ECBM processes under various internal differential strain circumstances using this model, dynamic evolution patterns of diverse parameters are obtained. The research findings indicate that along the direction of CO2 injection, matrix-fracture interactions exhibit a complex trend of initially increasing, then decreasing and then increasing, and the increase in internal differential strain levels results in a downward trend in permeability peak. Additionally, the evolutionary characteristics of CH4 recovery and cumulative CO2 storage rising with increasing internal differential strain levels were obtained on time scales using a fixed-point monitoring methodology. Inspired by the aforementioned laws, this paper discusses the macroscopic influence of burial depth on the effects of internal differential strain, providing new theoretical support for CO2 sequestration injection methods in deep coal seams.

A New Attempt to Estimate Underground Soil Leakage through High-Density, Fixed-Point Monitoring in a Typical Karst Rocky Desertification Region

Understanding soil loss pathways in karst regions is crucial for erosion control. Combining high-density measurements of grid points with runoff plot monitoring, we attempt to use a new indirect method to study the characteristics of soil loss in karst rocky desertification areas of Salaxi Town, Guizhou province. One cycle year monitoring data of 12640 grid points were applied in the soil loss analysis. This study identifies underground leakage as the primary pathway of soil loss, with an mean soil leakage of 21.51 kg in potential areas, accounting for 83.12%, and an average leakage of 22.69 kg in in mild karst rocky desertification areas accounting for 81.48%. Mixed vegetation types (forest, shrub, and grass) were better at preventing surface soil loss but increased underground leakage compared to single vegetation types. The rainy season significantly influences soil erosion, accounting for 67.88% of total loss, with slight variations among different karst rocky desertification grades and vegetation types. Mean underground leakage rates during the rainy and dry seasons are 63.34% and 36.66%, respectively. Although this method still has certain limitations, it plays a positive role in revealing the mechanism of soil erosion processes in karst regions.

On-site monitoring of dissolved Sb species in natural waters by an automatic system using flow injection coupled with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometer

Antimony (Sb) is a toxic and potentially carcinogenic element in the environment. The toxicity of Sb(III) is ten times that of Sb(V). Therefore, on-site monitoring technique for dissolved Sb species is crucial for the study of Sb environmental processes. In this study, an automated, portable, and cost-effective system was developed for field simultaneous analysis of Sb(III) and Sb(III + V) in natural waters. The system comprised a portable atomic fluorescence spectrometer equipped with a built-in electrochemical H2 generator to reduce the consumption of acid/borohydride solution and make the atomizer more stable for on-site analysis. Flow injection technique was also used to achieve on-line pretreatment of water samples, including filtration, acidification, pre-reduction, and hydride generation procedures. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection (3σ, n = 11) of the developed method were 0.015 μg/L and the linear ranges were 0.05–5.0 μg/L for both Sb(III) and Sb(III + V). The relative standard deviations (n = 11) of the spiked samples of Sb(V) were 3.2% (0.05 μg/L), 3.3% (0.2 μg/L), and 1.7% (0.5 μg/L), respectively. The spiked recoveries of lake water, treated wastewater, and seawater ranged from 97.0% to 108.5%. The novel system of flow injection coupled with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometer (FI-HG-AFS) was applied to carry out an 18-h fixed-point monitoring at a secondary settling tank of a wastewater treatment facility in Xiamen University, and a 6-h real-time underway analysis in the surface seawater of Dongshan Bay, China, proving that the system was capable of long-term monitoring in the field.

Research on Electromagnetic Adsorption Technology Based on Composite Shaft Lining Structure

The working conditions and environment of coal mine shafts are intricate and special. Currently, manual inspections or fixed-point monitoring is generally applied for daily safety monitoring, and intelligent and automated inspection equipment and its supporting technologies are not available. Starting from the technical requirements of the electromagnetic adsorption device of the wall-climbing robot for safety monitoring of the coal mine shaft, based on the structural characteristics and chemical composition of the composite shaft lining of the coal mine, the fundamental structure of the electromagnetic array and the electromagnetic unit are clarified, and a multi-layer matrix simulation point overlap mapping analysis method is proposed. Based on the system modeling and simulation calculations in MATLAB software, the number and distribution law of effective mapping points between the endpoints of the electromagnetic array and the reinforced frame in the shaft lining are inferred, which leads to the establishment of a calculation model of the equivalent adsorption area. The NSGA-II algorithm, a non-dominant elite strategy based on a genetic algorithm, is used to calculate the optimum combination scheme of various genetic parameters of individual electromagnetic units. Through the statistical analysis of the optimal individual data of each generation in the iterative process, the accuracy of the algorithm process and constraints, as well as the fitness function, are verified. Based on the research results of this paper, the electromagnetic adsorption issue of the mine shaft wall-climbing robot on the composite shaft lining structure has been effectively solved, which has theoretical significance and practical value for improving the autonomous ability and monitoring level of coal mine shaft safety monitoring.

Research on Acoustic Recognition of Underwater Targets based on the Principle of Sound Absorption

Due to the concealment of underwater engineering, the detection and monitoring of hydraulic structure construction is often more complicated and difficult than surface engineering. Cofferdam construction inspection and settlement construction quality inspection, especially to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of inspection in complex environments, have become an urgent problem to be solved in underwater engineering quality inspection and monitoring. This project designs an offshore fixed-point monitoring device based on wave energy and piezoelectric effect energy. The invention provides a wave power generation system. The system include simple structure, reliability and stability The fixed-point monitoring device combines the cantilever float device, the gas storage tank device and the piezoelectric ceramic energy supply device to provide the marine monitoring device with energy for automatic water surface monitoring, fixed-point and data collection. Finally, the comprehensive utilization of sea surface wave, compressed gas energy storage and piezoelectric effect energy is realized.

Bionic Hovering Micro-Aerial Vehicle Using Array-Spiracle Wings

Hovering ability is the basis of fixed-point monitoring and tracking of an aircraft. Herein, we propose a new hovering vehicle inspired by bird feathers, with an airfoil composed of passive opening and closing feather units. Two wings of the prototype are vertically distributed and driven in anti-phase linear reciprocation. The lift is generated by the asymmetric flow of air caused by the opening and closing of the feather unit. The design of the vehicle is simple and can be incorporated into a large-area hovering platform for large loads. In this paper, the design and fabrication of the vehicle are described, along with an aerodynamic theoretical model of the vehicle kinematics. The correctness of the model was verified by numerical calculations and tests on the opening and closing characteristics of the plume unit. The opening and closing characteristics of the feather unit were investigated and revealed through controlled-variable experiments. An experimental prototype with a mass of 52 g was built. During preliminary flight tests, the vibration frequency was controlled to verify that the prototype was capable of hovering and vertical takeoff and landing.

Source, occurrence and risks of twenty antibiotics in vegetables and soils from facility agriculture through fixed-point monitoring and numerical simulation.

In this study, a universal method that combined fixed-point monitoring and numerical simulation was used to understand the source, fate and risks of antibiotics in environment. Results showed that the antibiotic concentration in vegetables, soil and manure from 53 fixed-point monitoring sampling sites were ND-18.47, ND-1438.50 and ND-24710.00μgkg-1, respectively. There were positive correlations between the antibiotic concentrations of vegetables and soil as well as between soil and manure. The average Amountsoil/manure values were 1.48-46.02, indicating that antibiotics built up pseudo persistent residues in soil due to repeated fertilization. The modified level-III fugacity model showed that tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones tend to remain in soil given their sorption and mobility, while sulfonamides were highly distributed in plants, especially in leaves. Norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole and sulfisoxazole were found to be risk factors in facility agriculture and should be continuously monitored during agricultural production. Most importantly, we used the inversion method to determine the recommended maximum residue limits of antibiotics in soil. This will not only allow for better control of the amount of the antibiotics in the environment, but also act as a potential method to assess the risks of pollutants without maximum residue limits in the environment.

Exposure characteristics of ultrafine particles on urban streets and its impact on pedestrians.

In order to investigate the pedestrian exposure characteristics of ultrafine particles (UFPs) on urban streets, both mobile and fixed-point monitoring experiments were conducted. A generalized additive model and a respiratory deposition dose model were used to quantify the influencing factors and potential harm of UFPs, respectively. The results showed that UFPs' hotspots were more likely to manifest at places where vehicles tend to cluster, namely at road intersections and bus stops. The pedestrian bridge had the lowest number concentration of UFPs in comparison with the pedestrian crossing and underground passage at the same intersection. Aboveground, a "weekend effect" acting upon urban streets and evidence for periodicity at the intersections were found. The UFPs' number concentration was comprehensively explained-about 62.7% of its variation-by traffic volume, wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity. The UFPs were mainly deposited in the alveolar region of the respiratory system, but the deposition doses of males exceeded those of females under the same conditions. Based on these findings, the study also provides appropriate suggestions for better managing traffic pollution sources, traffic infrastructure, and traffic organization.

Research on the Non-Contact Pollution Monitoring Method of Composite Insulator Based on Space Electric Field

Through spatial electric field monitoring, it is expected to realize insulator pollution condition monitoring and contamination flashover warning in a non-contact way. Therefore, in this paper, the spatial electric field distribution characteristics of 110 kV composite insulators are simulated, where the effects of different surface states and their discharge levels on the spatial electric field of insulators are analyzed. On this basis, a non-contact monitoring method for composite insulator pollution based on the spatial electric field is proposed. The results show that there are significant differences in the spatial electric field of the composite insulator among three conditions, namely cleaning, pollution layer wetting, and dry band arcing. Increases of pollution layer wetting and dry band arcing would lead to an increase of the amplitude of the spatial electric field of the insulator. Verification experiments well indicated that it is feasible to identify the degree of pollution layer wetting as well as dry band arcing of the insulator string by fixed-point monitoring, the spatial electric field signal at the cross-strand of d = 0.5 m and directly opposite the last three positions. Research results can provide references for the online monitoring of overhead line polluted insulators and its flashover warning.

Mapping Microscale PM2.5 Distribution on Walkable Roads in a High-Density City

Monitoring pollution of PM2.5 on walkable roads is important for resident health in high-density cities. Due to the spatiotemporal resolution limitations of aerosol optical depth observation, fixed-point monitoring, or traditional mobile measurement instruments, the microscale PM2.5 distribution in the walking environment cannot be fully estimated at the fine scale. In this article, by the integration of mobile measurement data, OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, Landsat images, and other multisource data in land-use regression (LUR) models, a novel framework is proposed to estimate and map PM2.5 distribution in a typical microscale walkable environment of the high-density city Hong Kong. First, the PM2.5 data on the typical walking paths were collected by the handheld mobile measuring instruments, to be selected as the dependent variables. Second, geographic prediction factors calculated by Google Street View, OSM data, Landsat images, and other multisource data were further selected as independent variables. Then, these dependent and independent variables were put into the LUR models to estimate the PM2.5 concentration on sidewalks, footbridges, and footpaths in the microscale walkable environment. The proposed models showed high performance relative to those in similar studies (adj <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , 0.593 to 0.615 [sidewalks]; 0.641 to 0.682 [footpaths]; 0.783 to 0.797 [footbridges]). This article is beneficial for mapping PM2.5 concentration in the microscale walking environment and the identification of hot spots of air pollution, thereby helping people avoid the PM2.5 hotspots and indicating a healthier walking path.

喀斯特地区土壤温度变化特征及其与环境因子的关系

喀斯特地区土壤温度变化特征对研究该区土壤活性及小气候变化具有重要意义。为探明喀斯特地区土壤温度变化特征及其与环境因子的关系，以喀斯特高原峡谷区四种典型土地类型（花椒地、金银花地、火龙果地、荒地）为研究对象，采用土壤含水量监测系统（ECH2O）对各样地土壤温度变化进行连续定点监测，分析土壤温度的动态变化特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：10 cm处土壤温度日变幅最大，土层越深日变幅越小；土壤温度日变幅为夏季较大，秋、冬季较小。火龙果地、金银花地土壤温度日变幅明显大于花椒地、荒地；随着土层加深，土壤温度日变化出现滞后现象；不同季节土壤温度均为火龙果地 > 荒地 > 花椒地 > 金银花地。夏季土层越深，土壤温度越低；秋、冬季土层越深，土壤温度越高；土壤垂直温度变异系数表现为冬季大于夏季。相关分析表明，土壤温度与气温、太阳辐射及土壤含水量均呈显著正相关（P<0.05），土壤温度变化与容重、孔隙度、土壤质地、有机碳等土壤理化性质相关性显著。花椒地土壤温度日变幅最小，与其较高的土壤含水量和总孔隙度、容重小、土壤持水性强密切相关。综上，花椒地对土壤温度的调节效果较好，因此，在喀斯特地区生态恢复的过程中，种植花椒能在一定程度上改善土壤性质，提升土壤肥力。本研究为喀斯特地区的生态恢复提供了科学依据，为植被生态效益评价提供一定参考。;Characteristics of soil temperature variation in karst area are of great significance to the study of soil activity and microclimate change. To verify the variation characteristics of soil temperature in karst areas and its relationship with environmental factors, four typical land types including Zanthoxylum bungeanum (HJ), Hylocereus undulates (HLG), Lonicera japonica (JYH) and wasteland (HD) in the Karst plateau canyon were taken as research objects. Soil moisture monitoring system (ECH2O) was used for continuous fixed-point monitoring of different sites. The dynamic change characteristics of soil temperature at different time scales and its relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that the daily variation of soil temperature was characterized by the sharpest diurnal variation of soil temperature appeared at 10 cm, and the deeper the soil depth, the smaller the diurnal variation. There was a great diurnal variation of soil temperature in summer but a smaller in autumn and winter. The diurnal variation of soil temperature in HL and JYH were significantly greater than that in HJ and HD as the soil depth deepens. There was a hysteresis effect in the diurnal variation of soil temperature. The daily variation of soil temperature at 10 cm and 25 cm of different land types showed a cubic function. The variation of soil temperature in different seasons was as follows:HLG > HD > HJ > JYH. The vertical variation characteristics of soil temperature was that the deeper the soil layer in summer, the lower the soil temperature was. The deeper the soil layer in autumn and winter, the higher the soil temperature. The vertical variation coefficient of soil temperature was greater in winter than in summer. There was significantly positive correlation between soil temperature with atmospheric temperature, solar radiation and soil moisture content (P<0.05). There was also a significantly close correlation between soil temperature variation with soil properties such as soil bulk density, porosity, soil texture, and organic carbon. The diurnal variation of soil temperature in HJ was the smallest, which has a close relationship with the higher soil moisture content and porosity, the better soil water holding capacity and the smaller bulk density. The soil temperature regulation capacity of HJ was the best among the four land types, therefore, the land type of HJ can improve soil properties and soil fertility to a great extent in the process of ecological restoration in karst areas. This study provides a scientific basis for ecological restoration and some reference for ecological benefits evaluation of vegetation in karst areas.

A Hierarchical Architecture Using Biased Min-Consensus for USV Path Planning

This paper proposes a hierarchical architecture using the biased min-consensus (BMC) method, to solve the path planning problem of unmanned surface vessel (USV). We take the fixed-point monitoring mission as an example, where a series of intermediate monitoring points should be visited once by USV. The whole framework incorporates the low-level layer planning the standard path between any two intermediate points, and the high-level fashion determining their visiting sequence. First, the optimal standard path in terms of voyage time and risk measure is planned by the BMC protocol, given that the corresponding graph is constructed with node state and edge weight. The USV will avoid obstacles or keep a certain distance safely, and arrive at the target point quickly. It is proven theoretically that the state of the graph will converge to be stable after finite iterations, i.e., the optimal solution can be found by BMC with low calculation complexity. Second, by incorporating the constraint of intermediate points, their visiting sequence is optimized by BMC again with the reconstruction of a new virtual graph based on the former planned results. The extensive simulation results in various scenarios also validate the feasibility and effectiveness of our method for autonomous navigation.

Spatial variability of soil organic matter in a gravel-sand mulched jujube orchard at field scale

In agricultural ecosystems, soil organic matter (SOM) is a major determinant and indicator of soil fertility and quality. The objectives of this study were to understand the spatial distribution of SOM and the accuracy of two interpolation methods evaluated: Kriging and inverse distance weighting (IDW) in a gravel-sand mulch of northwest China. We are measuring SOM in 256 soil samples collected from 0 to 10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–50 cm layers at five sampling scales, 32 × 32, 28 × 28, 24 × 24, 20 × 20, and 16 × 16 m, and three sampling spacings, 4, 8, and 12 m. SOM content decreased with depth in each scale, varying from 2.41 to 5.75 g/kg. The SOM was weakly to moderately variable and has a strong spatial autocorrelation. The standard deviation was small for each soil layer, and the variability was low or weakly moderate, indicating that two interpolation methods were applicable to the entire data set. Kriging interpolation was more accurate than IDW. The distribution of SOM differed in the surface layers at the five sampling scales, which was more uniform as the sampling scale decreased. Eight meter is a reasonable sampling spacing. Through the scales effect and spacing change on SOM for fixed-point monitoring, combing the estimate of SOM to reduce the sampling workload will aid the supply of SOM in gravel-sand mulched fields in arid regions.

Toward a Comprehensive and Integrated Strategy of the European Marine Research Infrastructures for Ocean Observations

Marine ecosystems are vital for life on Earth. Global change is progressing rapidly, and geo-hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis, cause large losses of life and have massive worldwide socio-economic impacts. Enhancing our marine environmental monitoring and prediction capabilities will increase our ability to respond adequately to major challenges and efficiently operate early-warning systems. Research Infrastructures (RIs) are large-scale facilities encompassing instruments, resources, data and services used by the scientific community to conduct high-level research in their respective fields. The development and integration of marine environmental RIs as European Research Infrastructure Consortia (ERICs) is the response of the European Commission (EC) to global marine challenges through research, technological development and innovation. These infrastructures (EMSO ERIC, Euro-Argo ERIC, ICOS-ERIC Marine, LifeWatch ERIC and EMBRC-ERIC) include specialized vessels, fixed-point monitoring systems, Lagrangian floating buoys, test facilities, genomics observatories, bio-sensing and Virtual Research Environments (VREs), among others.

Research progress of monitoring technology of ship-source air pollutants in china emission control area

I After the implementation of ship emissions control area, the urgent need for the practical monitoring technology. This paper comprehensively studies the international and domestic cases of ship emission control monitoring: The following methods are used: direct collection of fuel oil samples for analysis, collection of ship exhaust samples and analysis, remote sensing observation of ship exhaust and analysis, as well as the use of fixed-point monitoring station system to monitor air quality. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is used to analyze the fuel sulfur content directly, and the carbon balance method can be used to calculate the fuel oil content,. The fixed position monitoring system is a comprehensive monitoring method, which can effectively observe the influence of the emission of the ship exhaust on air quality, and evaluate the effect of the control area. Afterwards, the application should also be concerned about the effects of various methods of comparison, alternative measures and focus on the effect of tail gas treatment facilities assessment, enhanced port area environmental monitoring networks.

Effects of Sulfur Dioxide on Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Concentration in the Child Residents of Miyakejima Island

The island of Miyakejima in Japan is subject to ongoing emissions of volcanic gases, including high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Annual health checkups on the island, therefore, include the examination of respiratory system parameters. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between SO2 exposure and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) concentration among children who received health checkups from 2008 to 2014. The subjects were 83 and 31 second-year junior high school students aged 13–14 years who resided on Miyakejima island and an SO2-free reference island, respectively. SO2 concentration in the air was measured at 6 fixed-point monitoring stations. FeNO was examined according to the American Thoracic Society guideline and European Respiratory Society recommendations for standardized procedures. Average concentrations of SO2 on Miyakejima over a period of 3 months prior to each health checkup from 2008 to 2014 were 22.2, 20.6, 8.9, 10.5, 10.7, 4.4 and 8.0 ppb, respectively. Among the Miyakejima students, geometric mean (GM) FeNO concentrations measured at each health checkup from 2008 to 2014 were 28.2, 18.2, 23.6, 35.5, 36.9, 28.1, and 32.1 ppb. The GM FeNO concentration measured from all Miyakejima students across the study period was 28.3ppb. No clear dose-response relationship was observed. The GM FeNO concentration among the students from the reference island was 27.7ppb in 2017. No significant difference was observed between the two populations, even when the data was stratified by sex and sensitivity. There was no clear significant difference in GM of FeNO concentration between Miyakejima and control students, when the average concentration of SO2 over a period of 3 months was 22ppb or less.

Design of Internet-based Enterprise Accident Information Platform

Using Internet HAT information collection process to collect data, through Internet technologies suchas mobile law enforcement equipment and automatic identification software for major hazards to promote the formation of unified and standardized information security inspection, using the functions of synchronous interactive sharing and collaborative office between APP data and PC management data of mobile intelligent terminal, the accident information data is stored and managed in the Internet cloud, and an accident information sharing platform based on mobile intelligent terminal_government client_enterprise clien_related service agency client is built. It realizes the three-dimensional prevention and control network of fixed-point monitoring, mobile law enforcement, enterprise self-check and self-report production safety management, and provides strong technical suppor and service for Science and technology maintaining security.

Research on Illegal Building Detection Based on the Change Discovery and Spatial Morphological Characteristics of Image

In the process of traditional urban enforcement supervision, the illegal building detection are mainly based on the inspection of the naked eye. Due to factors such as fatigue and the environment, the detection efficiency is low and it is error-prone. This article focuses on the automatic detection algorithm of fixed-point monitoring video images as samples, and performs background separation, match, repair and other pre-processing on the sampled video images of different phases. For the weather blocking the surrounding environment and many other interference factors, the morphological operators are used to filter and extract clear areas of change, then the HU moments and template matching evaluation function are combined to clean the changed sub-regions, and finally the spatial characteristics are studied to detect the building. The experimental results show that this scheme not only improves the computational efficiency but also ensures the recognition rate.

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variations in Trace Element Migration in Karst Critical Zone:An Example of Jiguan Cave, Henan

To explore the temporal and spatial variations and the process of trace element migration in the karst critical zone, continuous fixed-point monitoring and sampling analysis was applied to measure each cave system component, which includes rainfall, soils, bedrock, drip waters, and their aerial sediment. Approximately 650 experimental data were obtained from October 2009 to May 2015 in a typical karst critical zone in north China-an interactive zone of the Jiguan Cave in the west Henan Province. The variations in and the migration rules of Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, and δ13C as well as their ratios to different components were studied. The results show that:① Soil and bedrock are the main sources of drip water. The values of Mg, Ba, and Sr are consistent with the "soil-bedrock" two end-members model and their respective proportions are 43.6:56.4, 1.01:98.09, and 47.2:52.8. ② From the spatial perspective, element migration of each component in the cave system interactive zone is interrelated. Drip water inherits the signals of the soil and bedrock and the modern sediment can continue the element information of the drip water. Elements in the soil profile cause the leaching and deposition effect and the subsoil better inherits the information of trace elements in the bedrock. ③ From the temporal perspective, the migration of elements in the cave system interactive zone is complex. Because of the leaching effect, soil and drip water show obvious seasonal discrepancies. However, under the influence of karst water migration path, the prior calcite precipitation (PCP), and extreme arid and annual precipitation type, the seasonal discrepancy in the element concentrations in drip water is smaller than in soil. The PCP effect, selective leaching, and other factors change the continuity of elements released from sediment to drip water. ④ In order to systematically and comprehensively ascertain the trace element migration in the karst critical zone and energy transformation rules, the study of cave system should be based on the research of the cave's critical zone and should consider comprehensive information ranging from the atmospheric origins to secondary sediments.

Research on the Application of Satellite Remote Sensing Technology in Water Environment Dynamic Monitoring—A Case Study of Jinjiang City

This paper selects lake and river areas in Jinjiang City as the study objects. Eutrophication and dynamic change of water bodies are monitored via field fixed-point monitoring, according to different temporal and spatial monitoring data of a decade, using multi-temporal remote sensing image data processing technology and computer simulation method based on comprehensive nutrition index method. The monitoring results have shown that since 2006, Jinjiang water body has been at a mild eutrophication level, and with the passage of time, the overall situation had risen first and decreased afterwards from January to December. The establishment of corresponding water environment ecological monitoring protection and early warning mechanism is put forward to improve the ability of water quality monitoring according to the results of the dynamic monitoring.