Fixed Mobile Convergence Research Articles

Analysis Of Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) Product Launch On Telecommunication Stock Returns In Indonesia

This research evaluates the possibility of a Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC) strategy in the telecommunications sector, particularly in light of the significant increase in data consumption globally. Based on a report from Ericsson Mobility and market analysis, FMC services are expected to contribute around 10-20% to the total revenue of telecommunications companies. The success of this strategy in Western Europe and the vast potential in the Asia Pacific region, including Indonesia, confirm this. This study is conducted using a comparative descriptive method on the stock returns of FMC players in Indonesia, thus aiming to prove whether FMC events can affect the dynamics of the telecommunications market in Indonesia and enrich investors' understanding of the potential of FMC on the financial performance of telecommunications companies, this can subsequently be manifested in the market's stock performance of telecoms business. The importance of analyzing changes in stock returns for investors of FMC operators in Indonesia, such as XL, SmartFren, and Telkomsel, both before and after the launch of FMC products, is a particular focus. In this case, the paired t-test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test methods assess significant differences between the means of two paired samples. The findings of this study offer practical guidance for investors looking at FMC strategies as information for making more informed investment decisions and improving their portfolio performance.

Application of Regression Analysis in Forecasting Mobile Broadband Subscriptions Growth for Malaysia

This paper forecasts the growth of Mobile Broadband Subscriptions in Malaysia using regression analysis, specifically focusing on linear regression to model trends. The analysis considers factors such as Mobile Broadband Traffic usage and Fixed Broadband Traffic, especially as the 5G network expands and Mobile Broadband becomes a potential alternative for enterprise and education sectors seeking faster broadband solutions. The study also examines Fixed Broadband Traffic in the context of Fixed Mobile Convergence, which impacts Mobile Broadband Subscription growth rates, necessitating the use of multiple linear regression analysis. This work provides a strategic growth plan for Mobile Broadband Subscriptions, highlighting the potential impact of growth trends. Exponential regression is also applied, offering readers a better understanding and the ability to choose results and analyses that best suit their business needs. Trendline reliability is assessed to measure how well the trendline fits the data, enhancing the accuracy of the regression model. For telecommunication companies, this analysis can help identify potential addressable markets and guide network expansion decisions, as well as inform the development of new mobile broadband plans. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) can use this information to introduce cost-effective mobile broadband devices, while enterprises can strategize their digital transformation efforts based on the findings. The forecast suggests that Mobile Broadband Subscriptions in Malaysia will reach 45.6 million by the second quarter of 2024.

Review of Scenario Planning and Future Strategy of PT. Telkomsel's Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) Service Implementation

Purpose: This abstract provides a brief overview of a review article that explores the scenario planning approach and future strategies for the implementation of Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) services by PT. Telkomsel. This study aimed to analyze the limitations and contributions of scenario planning in shaping future strategies for FMC service implementation.
 Research methodology: This study uses a scenario planning method that aims to identify the driving forces for the future of the telecommunications industry in Indonesia in 2030, and then formulates a scenario for the future of telecommunications services in Indonesia, which is then used as the basis for recommendations for the company's business strategy for implementing PT. Telkomsel's FMC services, which will be carried out, are a qualitative method.
 Results: The research results found that, in the future, network coverage and technology will no longer be a competitive advantage for telecommunications companies in Indonesia. The research results show four future scenarios for the telecommunications industry in Indonesia: New Glory, Win Back Domination, Digital Colonialism and Business as Usual.
 Implementation: There is a phenomenon at PT. Telkomsel, where companies must always invest in additional infrastructure to meet customer bandwidth needs. PT. Telkomsel will implement fixed mobile convergence (FMC) services to increase a company's competitive advantage, but in implementing FMC services, companies must anticipate conditions that are changing (volatility), uncertain (uncertain), complex (complex), and unclear (ambiguity). (VUCA) to minimize future business risk. Therefore, scenario planning is necessary to create a corporate strategy.

Service Node Architecture Technology for Disaggregated Network Service Functions and Fixed-mobile Convergence Networks

Service Node Architecture Technology for Disaggregated Network Service Functions and Fixed-mobile Convergence Networks

Coherent EML+TIA Detector for DSP-Free 1 Gb/s/λ Reception Over Extended Budget

The continuing drive towards broadband access necessitates cost-effective optical access and mobile fronthaul solutions. While the fixed-mobile convergence motivates high-speeds for the antenna remoting through broadband digitized radio-over-fiber, the access segment still uses time division multiplexed access equipment. Although the steadily increasing line rates call for 50 Gb/s solutions, the unshared per-user rate remains in the 1-Gb/s range. It is a question whether such data rate can be facilitated without high-speed components, at the same time supporting higher passive splits for the optical distribution networks. We experimentally demonstrate a simplified receiver based on an electro-absorption modulated laser, co-integrated on a die-level with a transimpedance amplifier. We investigate its sensitivity for the phase-agnostic coherent heterodyne downstream detection of data signals in a passive optical network scenario. We will show that despite the omission of a high-performance local oscillator, balanced detection and digital signal processing, the proposed receiver accomplishes reception of 1 Gb/s phase-modulated signals over a link reach of 57 km and an optical budget of 48 dB, thus enabling high passive splits of 1:128. We study the implications raised by this single-ended coherent receiver architecture under multi-channel transmission and investigate the susceptibility of its integrated local oscillator to optical feedback.

Low-Complexity Recurrent Neural Network Based Equalizer With Embedded Parallelization for 100-Gbit/s/λ PON

To meet the demand of emerging applications, such as fixed-mobile convergence for the fifth generation of mobile networks and beyond, a 100-Gbit/s/λ access network becomes the next priority for the passive optical network roadmap. We experimentally demonstrate the transmission of 100-Gbit/s/λ intensity modulation and direct detection passive optical network based on four-level pulsed amplitude modulation in the O-band by using 25G-class optics. To mitigate the severe distortions caused by inter-symbol interference and fiber nonlinearity, a low-complexity recurrent neural network based equalizer with parallel outputs is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed recurrent neural network equalizer can consistently outperform fully-connected neural network with the same input/output size and number of training parameters. The neural network equalizer's sensitivity against quantization is also evaluated. To further understand the complexity and actual hardware resource consumption of the parallel-output equalizers, we implement an 8bits-integer-quantized neural network model using FPGA, with the benefits and challenges validated and discussed.

Low Latency DWBA Scheme for Mini-Slot Based 5G new Radio in a Fixed and Mobile Converged TWDM-PON

Cooperative dynamic bandwidth allocation (CO-DBA) enables time division multiplexed passive optical network (TDM-PON) to become a possible solution for mobile fronthaul. Meanwhile, status-report DBA (SR-DBA) still retains its advantage on bandwidth efficiency for conventional PON services. The collaboration of CO- and SR-DBA is an enabling approach for fixed-mobile convergence into a single PON infrastructure. However, a resource allocation conflict between CO- and SR-DBA is to arise when using an emerging 5G new radio interface based on the mini-slot. This conflict will cause a large delay that can not meet the time-sensitive fronthaul requirement. In this study, we consider a time and wavelength multiplexed PON (TWDM-PON) for fixed and mobile services accommodation because of its capacity and flexibility. A novel DWBA scheme is proposed by means of wavelength and bandwidth preemption (WBP) mechanism. The basic rule of WBP is that a time-sensitive traffic can preempt the wavelength and bandwidth allocated to the time-tolerent traffic when a conflict happens. We demonstrate that the proposed DWBA can significantly reduce the latency caused by the conflict, when compared to the existing integrated CO- and SR-DWBA approach with 5G NR mini-slot.

Simplified Coherent Receiver for Analogue Radio Transmission Over High Optical Budgets

The bandwidth and latency demands driven by 5G wireless networks are putting a focus on analog radio-over-fiber techniques as a promising candidate for broadband optical fronthauling. In contrast to intensity modulation / direct detection systems, as they are commonly adopted for mobile fronthaul links due to their simplicity, we are exploring a migration option towards coherent radio-over-fiber transmission. A simplified coherent homodyne receiver based on an electro-absorption modulated laser is co-integrated at the die-level with a transimpedance amplifier and evaluated for analogue coherent radio-over-fiber transmission. This low-complexity homodyne receiver can unlock channel selectivity and high receiver sensitivity inherent to coherent detection, but without the need for digital signal processing. We will demonstrate a sensitivity that allows for an optical budget of 42 dB, and thus eases the fixed-mobile convergence in power-splitting fiber plants. We further show filterless radio signal reception in presence of modulated adjacent channels. Signal integrity is confirmed through transmission of orthogonally frequency multiplexed radio signals with 16-point quadrature amplitude modulated formats, with an error vector magnitude below the corresponding antenna limit.

Disaster resilience of optical networks: State of the art, challenges, and opportunities

For several decades, optical networks, due to their high capacity and long-distance transmission range, have been used as the major communication technology to serve network traffic, especially in the core and metro segments of communication networks. Unfortunately, our society has often experienced how the correct functioning of these critical infrastructures can be substantially hindered by massive failures triggered by natural disasters, weather-related disruptions and malicious human activities.In this position paper, we discuss the impact on optical networks of all major classes of disaster events mentioned above, and we overview recent relevant techniques that have been proposed to increase the disaster resilience of optical networks against the various classes of disaster events. We start by presenting some proactive methods to be applied before the occurrence of a disaster. Then we move our focus also on other preparedness methods that can be executed in the (typically short) time frame between the occurrence of an early alert of an incoming disaster and the time a disaster actually hits the network. Finally, we discuss reactive procedures that allow performing post-disaster recovery operations effectively. The analysis of disaster resilience mechanisms provided in this paper covers both wired and optical wireless communication infrastructures and also contains explicit remarks covering the role of emerging technologies (e.g., fixed-mobile convergence in the 5G era and beyond) in disaster resilience.

Evaluating the efficiency change and productivity progress of the top global telecom operators since OTT's prevalence

The telecommunications industry has undergone significant evolvement from fixed to mobile substitution (FMS) to fixed mobile convergence (FMC) and now to over-the-top (OTT) services due to the huge rise in data usage. This paper explores efficiency variation during the period 2012–2017 for the top 41 global telecom operators in Forbes Global, 2000. Based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) meta-frontier approach to reflect differences in production functions, the empirical results herein show that the number of operators achieving technical efficiency with respect to the meta-frontier fell from 13 firms in 2012 to 10 firms in 2013 to 8 firms in 2014 to 8 firms in 2015 and then to 7 firms in 2016, but then rose to 11 firms in 2017, displaying the impact from rise in OTT. For the mobile-only group, the average technical efficiency with respect to the meta-frontier is 0.841, which is superior to the fixed-mobile group's 0.774 and the fixed-only group's 0.714, and the group difference is significant among the three facilities-based groups. The meta-frontier estimation suggests that the fixed-mobile group has the highest meta-technology ratio (MTR) of 0.901 versus the mobile-only group's 0.886 and fixed-only group's 0.718. The empirical results offer policy implications for regulators to encourage telecom operators to have fixed-mobile operations. We further suggest that telecom operators cooperate with OTT service providers and invest in them in order to take advantage of people's more personalized digital life.

Fixed-Mobile Convergence in the 5G Era: From Hybrid Access to Converged Core

The availability of different paths to communicate to a user or device introduces several benefits, from boosting end-user performance to improving network utilization. Hybrid access is a first step in enabling convergence of mobile and fixed networks; however, despite traffic optimization, this approach is limited as fixed and mobile are still two separate core networks inter-connected through an aggregation point. On the road to 5G networks, the design trend is moving toward an aggregated network, where different access technologies share a common anchor point in the core. This enables further network optimization in addition to hybrid access; examples are user-specific policies for aggregation and improved traffic balancing across different accesses according to user, network, and service context. This article aims to discuss the ongoing work around hybrid access and network convergence by the Broadband Forum and 3GPP. We present some testbed results on hybrid access and analyze some primary performance indicators such as achievable data rates, link utilization for aggregated traffic and session setup latency. We finally discuss future directions for network convergence to enable future scenarios with enhanced configuration capabilities for fixed and mobile convergence.

An optical packet metro architecture for Fixed Mobile Convergence in the cloud era

The present paper addresses future network architectures considered for Fixed Mobile Convergence, where users can access resources transparently either through fixed access technologies or through the mobile RAN. Optical technologies rely on Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) to meet continuously growing bandwidth demands. However, although in the core network optical circuit switching may efficiently support huge traffic aggregates, closer to the access, in future Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), it is necessary to provide a finer granularity, and a dynamical bandwidth control, to very heterogeneous traffic demands. This is supported by Optical Packet Switching (OPS) relying on WDM slotted Add/Drop Multiplexing (WSADM). A flow-based transfer mode, compatible with SDN control is first specified, and applied to bi-directional MAN rings. This mode is shown to provide several methods for supporting both local and global repair in case of failure. Mathematical models are derived to assess optical packet insertion performance and are used to illustrate how WSADM rings can support MAN performance requirements. Lastly the impact of locating the IP edge, and Data Centres closer to the users than in legacy architectures, within the MAN is addressed.

Polarization-Tracking-Free PDM Supporting Hybrid Digital-Analog Transport for Fixed-Mobile Systems

For fixed services such as hybrid fiber-coaxial and passive optical network with deployed fiber networks, it is desirable to exploit the potentials to support wireless services in fifth-generation (5G) mobile data communications on the top of the existing fixed networks. We propose a polarization-division multiplexing (PDM) scheme to achieve the co-delivery of independent signals for fixed-mobile convergence. This is achieved by removing unwanted optical carrier in each polarization, and thus the proposed system can resolve the polarization-tracking issue in conventional PDM. It has been demonstrated in this letter that the polarization-tracking-free PDM system can support the co-transmission of respective 70-Gbps digital and analog signals over 20-km single mode fiber. Experimental results have shown low crosstalk between two polarizations. The proposed PDM system is compatible with wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) network and is capable of enhancing the spectral efficiency of WDM channels. The inherent single-sideband feature of the proposed PDM also enhances long-range services.

Machine Learning for 100 Gb/s/<italic>λ</italic> Passive Optical Network

Responding to the growing bandwidth demand by emerging applications, such as fixed-mobile convergence for fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G, 100 Gb/s/ λ access network becomes the next research focus of passive optical network (PON) roadmap. Intensity modulation and direct detection (IMDD) technology is still considered as a promising candidate for 100 Gb/s/ λ PON attributed to its low cost, low power consumption, and small footprint. In this paper, we achieve 100 Gb/s/ λ IMDD PON by using 20G-class optical and electrical devices due to its commercial availability. To mitigate the system linear and nonlinear distortions, neural network (NN) based equalizer is used and the performance is compared with feedforward equalizer (FFE) and Volterra nonlinear equalizer (VNE). We introduce the rules to train and test the data while using NN-based equalizer to guarantee a fair comparison with FFE and VNE. Random data have to be used for training, but for test, both random data and pseudorandom bit sequence are applicable. We found that the NN-based equalizer has the same performance with FFE and VNE in the case of linear distortion, but outperforms them in a strong nonlinearity case. In the experiment, to improve the loss budget, we increase the launch power to 18 dBm, achieving a 30-dB loss budget for 33 GBd/s PAM8 signal at the system frequency response of 16.2 GHz, attributed to the strong nonlinear equalization capability of NN.

Open Access Network (OAN) and Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC): Foundation for a Competitive New Business Model

Open Access Network (OAN) and Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC): Foundation for a Competitive New Business Model

Development of Home Fixed Mobile Convergence Gateway Solution for Smartphone App

Development of Home Fixed Mobile Convergence Gateway Solution for Smartphone App

100 Gb/s to 1 Tb/s Based Coherent Passive Optical Network Technology

Following on from current 1 Gb/s to 10 Gb/s based passive optical networks (PON), IEEE 802.3ca has commenced discussion of the first 100 Gb/s-based PON standard in the form of 100 G Ethernet PON (100G-EPON), in anticipation of growing bandwidth demand by emerging applications such as fixed-mobile convergence for 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) where mobile front-haul and mobile back-haul (MFH/MBF) will require greatly increased capacity of up to 1 Tb/s. In the move toward these 100 Gb/s to 1 Tb/s class PONs, research into the latest coherent technology based PON systems is being pursued due to its high receiver sensitivity at much higher bit rates, superior to current direct-detection based PON systems, aided by the rapid progress of the latest small-scale digital signal processing (DSP) suitable for access spans of less than a few tens of km. In this paper, we review the recent progress of such 100 Gb/s to 1 Tb/s class coherent PON technology. As the key successful factor for realizing 100 Gb/s to 1 Tb/s based coherent PON systems, the latest trends in coherent DSP and the accompanying embedded coherent transceivers are summarized from the point of view of miniaturization. In addition, highlighting the strong progress with the upcoming coherent PON systems, the first demonstration of a 100 Gb/s/λ × 8 wavelengths (800 Gb/s) based real-time wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-PON system using a simplified DSP suitable for access spans is presented. A 100 Gb/s/λ based time division multiplexing (TDM)-PON system is also introduced, addressing the burst-mode coherent reception technique which will be the main issue for achieving practical TDM-based coherent PON systems.

Hybrid Uplink Traffic Scheduling Algorithms in FMC Networks: A Comparative Study of Performance

Todate, the integration between EPON and WiMAX to form a Hybrid ONU-BS (Optical Network Unit-Base Station) Architecture in a Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) network rapidly matures and represents one of the promising candidates for next generation network (NGN) broadband access networks. In this paper, first we propose a new QoS mapping policy between two types of networks to enable a dedicated transmission across wireless and optical networks; and propose a hybrid uplink scheduling algorithm which the intra-ONU-BS scheduler employs queue scheduling only on the packets that arrive before sending the REPORT message, and the inter-ONU-BS scheduler employs the transmission time slot assignment based on the REPORT message information. Lastly, the paper provides a comparative performance study to find a decent combination of hybrid uplink traffic scheduling in terms of classic well-known traffic scheduling algorithms. Simulation results show that the inter uplink scheduling has significant impacts on the overall packet delay, loss rate and jitter performance; on the other hand, the intra uplink scheduling has significant influences on the packet delay, loss rate, jitter and fairness performance. Both inter and intra uplink traffic scheduling have particular functions to enhance the QoS and Class of Service (CoS) of system performance, respectively.

From Interworking to Hybrid Access Systems and the Road toward the Next-Generation of Fixed-Mobile Convergence

The ever increasing service demands, flexibility needs, and business opportunities have led broadband operators to explore strategies for implementing access agnostic core networks. The hybrid access system is one such strategy that helps operators to deliver higher bandwidth and more reliable services to their subscribers. This article provides a tutorial overview of hybrid access systems describing the main business drivers and use cases before analyzing the hybrid access architecture and the main functional blocks, including policy control. In addition it provides an overview of the main hybrid access approaches considered in IETF, 3GPP, and BBF. Finally, it considers the next generation of 5G converged networks, analyzing the main challenges that have been raised by the work toward hybrid access systems.

IMS 서비스망 연동을 위한 FMC 컨트롤러 구현

Work environments within the firm with a concept of mobile office is growing divided into two sections. It's Wi-Fi FMC(Fixed Mobile Convergence) field Which are implemented in a telephone service available from existing fixed-line service in the center of the smart phones and the EMS(Enterprise Mobility Service) field to make people will be able to handle PC the center of the information system within an enterprise using a smart phone instead of terminal facility connects to a system in the workplace and external. This paper developed FMC controller to allow execution IMS(IP Multi-Media Subsystem) services to complement the issues of the FMC corporation, telephony service associated. The controller includes FMC automatic enrollment services, voice quality enhancement of the mobile phone, anywhere within the firm on his mobile phone calls can provide mobility and is also implemented FMC LCR function that use status information from mobile soft-phone within the IP-PBX.