Five-Year Plan Research Articles

Productivity Convergence Among Chinese Firms: The Role of Five-Year Plans and SOEs

This study examines productivity convergence among Chinese manufacturing firms over the period 2000–2020. The research found evidence of club convergence, where firms converge toward different productivity levels rather than a single steady state within specific sectors. The number of convergence clubs varied by industry and over time, indicating heterogeneity in productivity development across firms. The speed of productivity convergence among firms within an industry generally decreased over the four Five-Year Plans, suggesting that over time it became more difficult for less productive firms to catch up. The presence of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in an industry was found to be positively associated with faster productivity convergence, indicating SOEs may help in knowledge dissemination and facilitate catch-up of lagging firms. Strengthening intellectual property protection over time was also linked to slower productivity convergence, as it increased the costs of knowledge spillovers. The results highlight how the industrial presence of SOEs and the trend of strengthening intellectual property protection could impact productivity convergence among manufacturing firms.

China’s Marine Political Economy in the South China Sea and Its Development Strategy under the Belt and Road Initiative: Opportunities, Challenges, and Trends on the 14th Five-Year Plan

To assure a brilliant and prosperous future of China, the Chinese government has been deliberately and continuously designing and promulgating a series of national plans and grand strategies. The implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and every Five-Year National Plans become absolutely important momentum to lift up China’s economy, which is seen as “Xiconomics.” To better realize the goals of these grand projects and national plans; the Chinese government also has smartly invented different institutions and regimes such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the Silk Road Fund, forums, dialogues, or the establishment of strategic partnerships. As on China’s power expansion, the South China Sea definitely is one of the most important regions and areas for searching marine energy and resources. As on the BRI, that is to say, the “twenty first Century Maritime Silk Road,” the South China Sea is a critical route for ships from China’s coastal ports to the Indian Ocean, and then to European States. It is also a strategic route for ships to the South Pacific from China. Beijing firmly claims that the South China Sea is one of its national core interests without suspension and incredulity. Coincidentally, as on China’s National 14th Five-Year Plan (14th FYP), building a “Beautiful China” by 2035 is one of its goals of sustainable development and enhancement of people’s wellbeing. Thus, the South China Sea has occupied a very important position and national development for future sustainable development and marine economy. This paper aims to examine China’s marine political economy in the South China Sea as well as to scrutinize its strategic considerations and layout since 2021.

Identification of Multi-Parameter Fluid in Igneous Rock Reservoir Logging—A Case Study of PL9-1 in Bohai Oilfield

Since the “13th Five-Year Plan”, the exploration of large-scale structural oil and gas reservoirs in the Bohai oilfield has become more complex, and the exploration of igneous oil and gas reservoirs has become the focus of current attention. At present, igneous rock reservoir fluid identification methods are mainly based on the evaluation method of logging single parameter construction, which is primarily a qualitative identification due to lithology, physical property, and engineering factors. Accurate acquisition of interference logging data, and multi-parameter coupling and recording coupling methods are few, lacking systematic and comprehensive evaluation and analysis of logging data. Since conventional logging data in the study area have difficulty accurately and quickly identifying reservoir fluid properties, a systematic analysis was conducted of three factors: lithology, physical properties, and engineering, as well as a variety of logging parameters (gas measurement, three-dimensional quantitative fluorescence, geochemical, FLAIR, etc.) that can reflect fluid properties were integrated. Based on parameter sensitivity analysis, the quantitative characterization index FI of multi-parameter coupling fluid identification was established using the data from testing, sampling, and laboratory testing to develop the identification standard. The sensitivity analysis and optimization of characteristic parameters were carried out by integrating the data reflecting fluid properties such as gas surveys, geochemical data, and related logging data. Combined with gas logging-derived parameters and improved engineering parameters (the value of alkanes released by rock cracking per unit volume Cadjust, C1 abnormal multiple values, three-dimensional quantitative fluorescence correlation factor N), the fluid properties were identified, evaluation factors were constructed based on factor analysis, and fluid identification interactive charts were established. By analyzing test wells in the PL9-1 well area, the results of comparison test data are more reliable. Compared with conventional methods, this method reduces the dependence of a single parameter by synthesizing multiple parameters and reduces the influence of lithology, physical properties, and engineering parameters on fluid identification. It is more reasonable and practical. It can accurately and quickly identify the fluid properties of igneous rock reservoirs in the study area. It has a guiding significance for improving the accurate evaluation of logging data and increasing exploration benefits.

Non-Moro IP Inclusion in Education Governance: Historical Notes on Institutional Policies and IP Population in MSU-IIT, Iligan City

This article presents a historical overview of institutional initiatives concerning the inclusion of Non-Moro Indigenous Peoples as indicators of good governance in education. This underscores the importance of not only integrated but an inclusive education for every student from both the mainstream and the margins. Gleaned from the experience of MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), this study elaborates the following: (1) what are the policies and programs contributing to the inclusion of Non-Moro IPs in MSU-IIT, and (2) how MSU-IIT administered the Non-Moro IP population and what are the challenges encountered. This research utilized qualitative methods with data coming from MSU-IIT offices and online databases, corroborated with purposive-snowball interviews. Discussions show that the IP students have faced a number of obstacles that have interfered with their college experience, whether they relate to admissions or retention including dropping out of classes, financial constraints and struggle in major coursework leading to the necessary improvement on their overall scholastic performance. MSU-IIT has also responded to the challenge of exclusion through, but not limited to, the General Education Program, the Five-Year Development Plan covering Education and Student Support Pillars, the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusivity (EDI) Policy, and other academic and non- academic pathway initiatives.

Exploration of green index system from the perspective of urban renewal

In the context of China's urban sustainable development, the green index system can be used to assess and monitor the environmental impact and sustainability of urban renewal projects, provide scientific basis for decision makers, and guide urban renewal to develop in a green, low-carbon and sustainable direction. China has incorporated green development and ecological civilization construction into the "13th Five-Year Plan" outline, and clearly put forward the major task of "comprehensively improving the quality of cities" in the "14th Five-Year Plan" outline, in order to accelerate the transformation of urban development mode and carry out urban renewal action. From a macro point of view, in the process of urban renewal, how to use a better evaluation system to plan the future development of urban green space and combine it with design practice is becoming more and more important. From the micro point of view, how the public environment and architectural space in different cities react, reflect, and even promote the process of urban renewal. In many parts of China, urban renewal based on the small block model is encouraged to be widely adopted, and local environmental improvements promote public health and support the transformation of cities to sustainable models based on theoretical, practical and political dimensions. This paper analyzes the urban renewal measures under different scales of landscape, architecture and community, and illustrates their responses to the green index system in urban renewal through cases. From the perspective of urban renewal, the paper combines macro-planning transformation and micro-renewal to analyze the green ecological goals achieved in the process of urban low-carbon development and ecological restoration.

Marginal effects of economical development and university education on China's regular exercise population.

Although the regular exercise population is a key metric for gaging the success of China's fitness-for-all activities, effective policy approaches to increase mass sports participation remain unclear. Previous research suggests that GDP, educational attainment, sports resources, and meteorological conditions could influence regular exercise participation. Therefore, this study first analyzed the macro-level correlates influencing China's regular exercise population. We utilize ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and geographical weighted regression (GWR) to theorize the relationship. The analysis encompasses data from the 31 administrative regions of Mainland China, as reported at the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan period. The log-log model enables us to quantify the marginal effect (elasticity) of the explanatory variables. The OLS regression showed that regional GDP and the proportion of the population with a university education were significant predictors. In the global model, the marginal effects of regional GDP and university education were 0.048 and 0.173, respectively. Furthermore, the GWR revealed a distinct geographic pattern that corresponds to the classic Hu Line. While regional GDP was also a significant correlate in our model, the elasticity demonstrates that university education had an asymmetric effect on China's regular exercise population. Therefore, this paper sheds light on a policy priority for the upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan, emphasizing the strategic importance of expanding university education to enhance mass sports participation. In turn, a better-educated populace may yield significant secondary effects on public health and contribute to the high-quality development of the Chinese path to modernization.

Key Points and Difficulties in the Management of a New Guangzhou 12th People’s Hospital Branch

During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, to improve medical and health services, the Guangzhou Municipal government invested billions in medical construction. During that time, Guangzhou was renewing its approval procedures for construction projects, and the COVID-19 outbreak changed the requirements of hospital construction. In addition to focusing more on spatial planning and layout, the integration of specialized departments, large-scale medical equipment, and numerous intelligent systems increased the complexity of hospital construction projects. The success of these projects often hinges on the quality of the management team. If a hospital construction project manager lacks experience and an understanding of the project’s key aspects, they may struggle with organization, management, and problem-solving, leading to rework, resource waste, and delays. This paper uses the construction of a new Guangzhou 12th People’s Hospital branch as an example to describe the key points and difficulties in each stage of project construction and proposes solutions for the management of similar projects in the future.

Carbon emission efficiency and regional synergistic peaking strategies in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

In the context of China's resolute advancement of dual carbon goals (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality), urban agglomerations emerge as pivotal areas for carbon emission mitigation due to their dense economic activities and rapid urbanization. Previous studies overlook regional disparities in carbon emission prediction, disregarding the variations and policy directives across different provinces or cities. Therefore, this study addresses the research gap by investigating synergistic strategies to foster regional carbon peaking within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Employing a novel approach tailored to regional segmentation policies, we provide more accurate predictions reflecting real-world conditions and distinct policy landscapes. Meanwhile, we integrate carbon emission efficiency into our analysis, emphasizing the dual goals of emission reduction and quality economic growth. Our empirical investigation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, utilizing the Super-SBM and extended STIRPAT models, reveals upward trends in carbon emission efficiency, with varying trajectories across cities. Scenario simulations informed by the "14th Five-Year Plan" demonstrate that under the green development scenario, carbon peaking accelerates, alongside enhanced efficiency, supporting long-term emission reduction. Moreover, we design seven regional synergy carbon peak strategies for scenario simulations to facilitate the rational layout of dual carbon policies for collaborative development. We find that synergistic strategies have proven more effective in reducing regional carbon emission and increasing efficiency than strategies focusing solely on economic development or energy conservation. This innovative finding emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive green development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and provides strong evidence for policymakers. Our research contributes to targeted strategies for improving carbon emission efficiency and reducing emissions, emphasizing the importance of synergistic approaches for regional carbon reduction.

Should you have a five-year plan for your career?

Should you have a five-year plan for your career?

ЗАВЕРШАЮЩИЙ ЭТАП КОЛХОЗНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОМ ЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЕ В ОТЧЕТАХ СТУДЕНТОВ ВКСХУ О ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of students of the All-Union Communist Agricultural University named after Y.M. Sverdlov during industrial practice in agricultural organizations of the central Chernozem region at the final stage of the socialist restructuring of the village. The work is based on the data of reports prepared by students of the VKSU for the academic part of the university. The source base was made up of documents of the spring practice of 1936. The subject of the study was a complex of relations characterizing the daily life of employees of collective farms, state farms and MTS in the specified historical period. The relevance of the work is due to the low level of study of this range of issues, as well as the author's appeal to documents that have not previously been involved in solving such problems. For the first time, materials that were not previously in demand in research on the problems of collectivization in the USSR, as well as collective farm everyday life during the second five-year plan, are being introduced into scientific circulation. The information potential of the source makes it possible to study the life of collective farm peasants in everyday, economic, and cultural dimensions. It is shown what role the young specialists played in establishing the work of artels and MTS in the regions of the Russian Black Earth region. The conclusions obtained are intended to expand the source base of scientific research on the problems of socialist transformation of the village in the 1930s, to clarify ideas about the specifics of the creation and functioning of collective farms. The results of the work done serve to deepen the scientific understanding of the processes associated with the restructuring of the village and the place in these processes of students of communist universities of the USSR.

A Preliminary Study on the Planning and Construction Path of Zero-carbon Airport:A Case Study of Xiamen Xiang'an Airport

Abstract: As a large-scale airport construction during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, Xiamen Xiang'an Airport aims to become a benchmark of “green airport” and a “zero-carbon airport”. This paper describes the research of Xiamen Xiang'an Airport on the excellent cases of low-carbon airport construction at home and abroad, and clarifies that Xiamen Xiang'an Airport needs to increase the proportion of renewable energy utilization, promote the reform. of airport electrification and strengthen intelligent management in order to achieve a zero-carbon airport. In the planning stage, Xiamen Xiang'an Airport should make a zero-carbon airport planning, improve the low-carbon construction index system, and formulate a carbon neutral path planning. In the design stage, Xiamen Xiang'an Airport promotes the planning and construction of zero-carbon airport: Optimize the airside and landside operation efficiency of the airport, apply the terminal photovoltaic system, water storage system and APU replacement system to achieve low carbon emission reduction, recycle water resource, and minimize the impact on the ecological environment. Finally, through the high-performance maintenance structure, natural lighting and natural ventilation and other passive technologies combined with efficient energy equipment and systems, the goal to build a Three Stars Green Building terminal is achieved. Although there is still a certain distance for Xiamen Xiang'an Airport to become a zero- carbon airport, it is worthwhile to learn from the path of Xiamen Xiang'an Airport of exploring a zerocarbon airport: The construction of zero-carbon airport should be planned and formulate a carbon-neutral path, pay attention to the two aspects of “Renewable energy” and “energy saving”, make greater use of new energy and better use of energy-saving measures, so as to enhance the effect of carbon reduction and enhance the carbon sink capacity of airports to create favorable conditions for the realization of “zero carbon airport”.

China's green building revolution: Path to sustainable urban futures

This paper critically examines the significant strides China has made toward sustainable urban development, emphasizing the evolution of green building practices since 2015. Through a detailed analysis of green building policies under China's 13th and 14th Five-Year Plans, as well as the General Code for Building Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization, this study highlights the progressive integration of sustainability in construction. Notable advancements include the implementation of stringent energy efficiency standards and the incorporation of renewable energy technologies, which have collectively shifted the paradigm of architectural practices in urban China. Moreover, the paper draws upon several case studies, such as the Shanghai Chenghuaxinyuan Project and Mini Sky City, to illustrate the tangible outcomes and the effectiveness of these policies in real-world settings. These examples not only demonstrate significant reductions in energy consumption and carbon emissions but also reflect the scalability and replicability of such initiatives in other urban contexts. Key findings suggest that China's proactive policy landscape has catalyzed a national movement towards environmentally responsible construction, setting a global benchmark for sustainable urban development. The paper argues that these policy-driven initiatives have important implications for practitioners, who are encouraged to adopt innovative construction technologies and sustainable practices. For policymakers, the study underscores the necessity of continuous support for research and development in green technology, coupled with robust regulatory frameworks to sustain momentum in the green building sector. Finally, the paper offers comprehensive recommendations aimed at enhancing the efficacy and adoption of green building practices, proposing that future policy directions should focus on integrating smart city technologies to further optimize energy use and urban sustainability.

Moscow Belt of Soviet Science Cities: Design and Organization of the Area

The article deals with the history of the design and construction of academic cities of science in the second half of the 1950s and early 1960s. Their intensive construction took place during a chronologically short historical period – the years of the sixth five-year plan that became the only seven-year plan in the Soviet history. During this time, the task was set to move large-scale research and design organizations from the metropolitan centers to the periphery. A special case of the transfer of research institutions outside the capital was the Moscow belt of scientific centers. Their construction was initiated by the need to intensify fundamental research in strategically important fields of science, building restrictions in Moscow, the confidential and experimental character of the research carried out in them. They differed from the Siberian centers (Akademgorodok in Novosibirsk) that were being built at the same time by their specialization, the semisecret nature of their research, closer ties with the USSR Academy of Sciences, and finally they were less prioritized in terms of construction according to the political leaders’ opinions. Nevertheless, the speed of the construction of research institutes and the opening of research centers there in the shortest possible time gave the desired “achievement effect”. The research is based on materials from the collections of the Russian State Archives of Modern History and the State Archives of the Russian Federation. They are introduced into the scholarly discourse for the first time.

The Re-socialization Path of the Community Elderly from the Perspective of Active Aging: Take Community B as an Example

The 20th report pointed out that “implement the national strategy of actively responding to the aging of the population, develop the pension cause and industry, optimize the services for the elderly, and promote the realization of all the elderly enjoy the basic pension services”. It is estimated that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s population will enter a moderate stage of aging. In the current situation of the population aging trend, in addition to the establishment of relevant institutional guarantees for the elderly, we should also promote the social participation of the elderly and promote the re-socialization of the elderly. Community is the basic unit of social organizations and social population gathering. With the functions of socialization, psychological support, social participation and mutual assistance, it is an important field for the re-socialization of the elderly. Community social work is based on the community, through the use of relevant resources, mobilize the community strength, promote the social participation of the elderly in the form of community activities and volunteer services of the elderly. Based on the theory of active aging and re-socialization, this study conducted a questionnaire survey and in-depth interview on the B community in Lanzhou to understand the re-socialization level and re-socialization dilemma of the elderly in community B. On the basis of the analysis of relevant data, from the three dimensions of “participation”, “health” and “guarantee”, the beneficial measures of the community in promoting the re-socialization of the elderly are summarized, and targeted suggestions are put forward.

Financial Sector Liberalisation and the Climbing of Manufacturing GVCs

The National 14th Five-Year Plan and 2035 Vision Outline emphasise the need to promote the integration of China's manufacturing industry and service industry, so as to achieve the upgrading of China's manufacturing industry to the high end of the global value chain. Based on the OCED input-output data and the World Bank STRD data, the study empirically explores the impact of financial sector openness on the upgrading of the manufacturing industry's global value chain by using the global multiregional input-output model and the panel model. The study finds that both the quantity and quality of financial sector openness have a significant effect on the upgrading of manufacturing GVCs, with the quality of financial sector openness having a more pronounced effect, and this conclusion still holds after considering robustness; accordingly, it puts forward policy recommendations for financial sector openness to promote the upgrading of manufacturing GVCs.

Research on Rural Education in the Context of Rural Revitalization

In the inaugural year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly emphasized that promoting rural revitalization development is a comprehensive and historical task essential for building a modern socialist country. Education is the cornerstone of rural revitalization and plays a pioneering role in this process. It is crucial to consolidate and expand the achievements of educational poverty alleviation and seamlessly connect them with rural revitalization. Empowering rural revitalization through the revitalization of rural education is both the responsibility and mission of education. This paper employs theoretical analysis and literature review methods to analyze the macro and micro relationships between rural revitalization and rural education, demonstrating the importance of rural education for rural revitalization. It also enumerates the current challenges faced by rural education and proposes relevant paths for promoting its development.

Национальные кадры в государственных и партийных органах власти в Нижне-Волжском крае (1928–1932 годы): подготовка, переподготовка и учет

The article examines the organization of the process of accounting, training and retraining of national personnel in the Lower Volga region during the period of the first five-year plan, when the success of economic, economic and political campaigns carried out in the country was largely determined by the intensification of efforts in the field of training personnel for the party and state apparatus. As practice shows, the authoritieswere ableto achieve asystematic accounting of personnel inthesystem of Soviet and party bodies only in 1929–1930 – inconditions of regionalization andsystemicmovements, itturned outto be difficultto generate data onthereserve of leading personnel. Aserious problem inthe process of organizing training and retraining of personnel was the low starting level of education of employees (the exception was the German and Ukrainian population of the region). At the same time, the campaign to eliminate illiteracy carried out in the region did not qualitatively change the situation – and at the end of the five-year plan, the percentage of simply literate Soviet and party cadres, often without special education, will remain high.

Стахановцы торфяной промышленности 1930-х годов: вариант ответа на модернизационный вызов эпохи

The article examines the development of the Stakhanov movement in the peat industry of the USSR on the example of centralized peat farms of Glavtorf and peat processing of individual industrial enterprises and trusts in the territory of the Kuibyshev, Penza regions and the Mordovian ASSR during the pre-war five-year plans. The source base of the article was the funds of the Russian State Archive of Economics, regional archives of the Penza, Samara regions and the Republic of Mordovia, articles by peat specialists, an autobiographical brochure by the drummer Nikolai Zezyulin. Unlike other industries, for which historians have noted an increase in accidents, the specifics of the work of Stakhanovites on peat-mining machines were manifested in the prevention of breakdowns and improvement of equipment. In the peat industry at the all-Union and regional levels, there was a combination of material and moral factors stimulating the Stakhanov movement.

Research on Project-based Learning Approach with Local Characteristics in Electronic and Information Science Courses

The promulgation of the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035 has clarified the focus of work and put forward new requirements for the training of electronic and information science professionals. The teaching methods and levels can be optimized by focusing on the problems existing in the teaching process of electronic and information science courses, carrying out teaching reform, and putting forward the project-based learning approach with local characteristics.

Environmental regulation and manufacturing employment: Evidence from China's Eleventh Five-Year Plan

This paper employs a difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) identification strategy to investigate the impact of environmental regulation on employment in the manufacturing sector in China, using the country's Eleventh Five-Year Plan (FYP) as a quasi-experiment. Our results indicate that the 11th FYP had a significant negative impact on firm employment, with every 10% increase in SO2 reduction targets resulting in a 3.1% decrease in employment for firms in high-pollution industries. This corresponds to a reduction of approximately 9 people per firm. Our findings indicate that firms primarily reduce SO2 emissions by reducing production levels and transitioning to cleaner energy sources. Additionally, we show that political promotion incentives played a role in driving the decline in employment. Heterogeneous tests reveal that the impact was more significant for private firms, SMEs and trade-exposed firms.