Five Times Sit-to-stand Test Research Articles

Development of machine learning models for predicting depressive symptoms in knee osteoarthritis patients

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) combined with depressive symptoms is prevalent and leads to poor outcomes and significant financial burdens. However, practical tools for identifying at-risk patients remain limited. A robust prediction model is needed to address this gap. This study aims to develop and validate a predictive model to identify KOA patients at risk of developing depressive symptoms. The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) data were used for model development and the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) for external validation. 18 potential predictors were selected using LASSO regression. 4 machine learning models—logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and artificial neural network—were developed. Model performance was assessed using the area under the operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. The most important features were extracted from the optimal model on external validation. A total of 469 individuals were included, with 70% used for training and 30% for testing. The random forest model achieved the best performance, with an AUC of 0.928 in the test set, outperforming logistic regression (AUC 0.622), decision tree (AUC 0.611), and neural network models (AUC 0.868). External validation revealed an AUC of 0.877 (95% CI: 0.864–0.889) for the adjusted random forest model. Pain severity was the most significant predictor, followed by the five-time sit-to-stand test (FTSST) and sleep problems. This study is the first in China to apply a predictive model for depressive symptoms in KOA patients, offering a practical tool for early risk identification using routinely available data.

Association of Functional Mobility with Knee Proprioception in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA), the most common arthritis type, causes pain and limits daily activities, especially in older adults. Age-related declines in proprioception and joint position sense increase joint load and impair neuromuscular control. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between functional mobility and knee proprioception in OA patients, aiming to clarify their impact on treatment and mobility outcomes. Methods: A total of 33 participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study based on the inclusion criteria. Functional mobility was assessed using three clinical measures: the Stair Climb Test (SCT), the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST). Participants completed an initial trial of the 6MWT, and proprioception error was measured using a digital inclinometer. The FTSST and SCT were repeated three times after the first trial, with participants sitting high and holding for 5 seconds between each trial, returning to full knee extension before starting again. Results: Karl Pearson Correlation test demonstrated that there was a statistically significant moderately negative correlation was found between the FTSST and proprioception error (r=-0.444: p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between 6MWT and proprioception error (r=+0.132: p>0.05) and a low negative correlation between the SCT and proprioception errors (r=-0.018: p>0.05) but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study indicated that reduced physical mobility impairs proprioception, potentially contributing to or resulting from OA. It concluded that individuals with knee osteoarthritis had greater proprioception errors, with lower physical performance correlating to more pronounced proprioceptive deficits.

The Effectiveness of Motor Imagery in Balance and Functional Status of Older People with Early-Stage Dementia.

Dementia involves the loss of cognitive abilities and impairs functional abilities in daily life. In motor imagery (MI) techniques, motor acts are mentally rehearsed without any overt body movements. The purpose of the randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of MI on the motor function of older adults with dementia. Overall, 160 participants (43 men, 117 women, MMSE M = 23.20, SD = 0.15) from an Athens Day Care Center of the Alzheimer Association were randomized to (a) the MI and exercise group (experimental group) (n = 55), (b) the only exercise group (1st control group) (n = 52) and (c) the neither MI nor exercise group (2nd control group) (n = 53). The exercise session comprised 24 physiotherapy exercise sessions, lasting 45 min each, twice a week for 12 weeks. The exercises were selected from the Otago Exercise Program. Three assessments were performed: (a) one week prior to the program, (b) at one and a half months and (c) after the program. The experimental group performed a 30-minute MI with exercise program content after the end of every physiotherapy exercise session. The Multidirectional Reach Test, Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were used to assess participants' balance and functional status. In the intention to treat analysis (18 participants dropped out), the 3 × 3 repeated measures ANOVA indicated statistically significant results between the three groups on (a) the TUG (F = 3.06, df (2), p = 0.04), (b) the FTSST (F = 3.00, df (2), p = 0.05), (c) the forward direction test (F = 4.14 df (2), p = 0.02), the lateral right and the lateral left direction tests (F = 3.90, df (2), p = 0.02 and F = 7.87, df (2), p = 0.00, respectively), and (d) the FGA (F = 4.35, df (2), p = 0.01). The Friedman test showed significant statistical significant differences among the three groups for BBS (X2 = 7.62, df = 2, p = 0.22), and an effect size of partial η2 coefficient for F-tests was found. Post hoc comparisons using a Bonferroni test for ANOVA and Wilcoxon test for Friedman indicated that the mean scores for the experimental group and the 1st control were significantly better than the 2rd control group in many dependent variables. The study showed a positive effect of MI on balance and the functional status of older adults with early stages of dementia with possible beneficial effects on maintaining independence and reducing physical decline.

Telerehabilitation in post-tuberculosis lung disease: a protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Few studies have evaluated structured telerehabilitation programs for individuals with post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD), resulting in a lack of specific guidelines. This protocol aims to evaluate the physical capacity and quality of life (QoL) of PTLD patients undergoing telerehabilitation. Methods: This randomized, controlled clinical trial has received internal review board approval and will recruit participants between December 2024 and June 2025, from a referral center in Brazil. Individuals thought to have PTLD, with a mini-mental state examination score >24 and no physical limitations or comorbidities unrelated to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) will be screened using imaging, total blood count, and biochemical profile. Those with confirmed PTLD will undergo the assessments of: QoL, and physical capacity (spirometry, body composition, calf circumference, six-minute walk test (6MWT), five-times-sit-to-stand test (FTSST), handgrip and isokinetic dynamometry). After that, the participants will be randomly allocated to control or intervention groups. While both groups will receive general guidance on health education and TB prevention, the intervention group will also receive a physiotherapy booklet with instructions for exercises to be performed five times a week for eight weeks. Participants of both groups will be monitored by videoconference, and the same assessment tools will be used to reevaluate QoL and physical capacity outcomes. Conclusions: The results may demonstrate the benefits of a telerehabilitation program on the physical capacity and QoL of PTLD patients, and may improve accessibility, cost savings, and personalized care through home-based therapy by videoconferencing. Trial registration: CAAE: 10481219.9.0000.5257. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04844502).

The Effect of Video-Based Action Observation Training and Live Action Observation Training on Motor Function, Activity Participation, and Secondary Outcome Measures in Children With Spastic Diparetic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Study.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Video-Based Action Observation Training and Live Action Observation Training on motor function, activity participation, and secondary outcome measures in children with spastic diparetic cerebral palsy (CP). Thirty-nine children with spastic diparetic cerebral palsy, aged 5-14 years, with Gross Motor Function Classification System I-III, were distributed in equal numbers to any of the Video-Based Action Observation Training (conventional physiotherapy + Video-Based Action Observation Training), Live Action Observation Training (conventional physiotherapy + Live Action Observation Training), and control (conventional physiotherapy) groups through stratified randomization. For 8 weeks, action observation training groups received 20 minutes of conventional physiotherapy followed by 20 minutes of action observation training, and the control group received 40 minutes of conventional physiotherapy. Primary outcome measures were Gross Motor Function Measurement and Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation, secondary outcome measures were Pediatric Berg Balance Scale, timed-up-and-go test, five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (GFAQ), and 1-minute walk test (1MWT). Improvements were observed in all other evaluation parameters of the groups except Gross Motor Function Measurement-lying and rolling (P = .066) in the Live Action Observation Training Group, and lying and rolling (P = .317) and crawling and kneeling (P = .063) motor subtests and Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire-walking scale (P = .513) in the control group. Comparisons of the increases in all other measurements between the groups, except for the dimensions of Gross Motor Function Measurement-lying and rolling (P = .172), were statistically significant (P < .05) and this difference was in favor of action observation training. It was found that 2 different AOTs applied in addition to conventional physiotherapy in children with spastic diparetic cerebral palsy were more effective on all outcomes than was conventional physiotherapy alone.

Exercise Barriers in Older Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and Objectives: Defining the exercise habits of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) may help to determine optimal rehabilitation programs. This study aimed to investigate the physical and psychological parameters associated with exercise barriers in older individuals with AD, with the goal of informing more effective rehabilitation programs. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted with 50 individuals with AD. The individuals were evaluated with the Exercise Benefit/Barriers Scale (EBBS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSTS), the Barthel Index (BI), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: There was a significant positive correlation between age with EBBS-Exercise Barriers (r = 0.308; p = 0.029) and EBBS-Total Score (r = 0.295; p = 0.038). There were significant negative correlations between the time of diagnosis with EBBS-Exercise Benefits (r = -0.569; p = 0.000), EBBS-Exercise Barriers (r = -0.324; p = 0.022), and EBBS-Total Score (r = -0.508; p = 0.000). There was a positive correlation between MMSE and EBBS-Exercise Benefits (r = 0.465; p = 0.001), EBBS-Exercise Barriers (r = 0.471; p = 0.001) and EBBS-Total Score (r = 0.519; p = 0.000). There were significant positive correlations between FTSTS and EBBS-Exercise Barriers (r = 0.340; p = 0.016), and EBBS-Total Score (r = 0.280; p = 0.049). There were positive correlations between BI and EBBS-Exercise Benefits (r = 0.362; p = 0.010), EBBS-Exercise Barriers (r = 0.377; p = 0.007), and EBBS-Total Score (r = 0.405; p = 0.004). Conclusions: Exercise barriers/benefits were associated with cognition and post-diagnosis duration in individuals with AD. Individuals with lower physical function had lower exercise perception. In addition, living with relatives or caregivers led to better exercise benefit scores.

A Longitudinal Decline in Walking Speed Is Linked with Coexisting Hypertension and Arthritis in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the association between baseline coexistence of hypertension (HTN) and arthritis, HTN alone, or arthritis alone, and their impact on longitudinal physical function measures among community-dwelling older adults over 5 years of follow-up. Methods: Ours was a longitudinal prospective cohort study from the second wave (2010-2011) and third wave (2015-2016) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Data for older adults were used. Participants were categorized based on self-reported diagnoses into four groups: coexisting HTN and arthritis, HTN only, arthritis only, or neither. Physical performance measures included walking speed using the 3-Meter Walk Test and the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST). Multiple generalized estimating equations with linear regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI) educational level, pain severity, and baseline use of pain and hypertension medications. Results: Data for 1769 participants were analyzed. Slower walking speed was only associated with coexisting HTN and arthritis (B = -0.43, p < 0.001) after accounting for covariates. The coexisting HTN and arthritis group showed no significant association with FTSST (B = 0.80, p = 0.072) after accounting for covariates. Conclusions: The coexistence of baseline HTN and arthritis in older adults is associated with a gradual decline in only walking speed as a physical performance measure in older adults.

Bioelectrical impedance phase angle combined with physical function predicts pre-frailty in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a prospective study

BackgroundThe prevalence of pre-frailty is notably high among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Pre-frailty, an early and reversible condition between non-frailty and frailty, can lead to adverse outcomes such as increased unplanned hospital admissions and a higher risk of other chronic diseases. Early identification and intervention of pre-frailty in MHD patients are crucial. This study aimed to establish a simple and effective model for screening and identifying MHD patients at high risk of pre-frailty by using 50 kHz-Whole Body Phase Angle (PhA) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), hand grip strength (HGS), the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), and laboratory parameters, with a specific focus on gender differences.MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2023 at the Wenjiang Hemodialysis Center in the Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. A total of 244 MHD patients, including 130 males and 114 females, were enrolled, comprising 128 non-frail and 116 pre-frail individuals. Data were collected prospectively, including demographic information, physical measurements, and laboratory test results. All participants provided informed consent before enrollment. The FRAIL scale (FS) was used to assess pre-frailty in MHD patients. Grip strength was measured using an electronic grip strength tester, physical function was assessed using the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test, and whole-body phase angle was measured using the InBody S10 device.ResultsA total of 244 MHD patients with a mean age of 53.75 ± 0.90 years were enrolled, including 130 males with a mean age of 54.12 ± 1.26 years and 114 females with a mean age of 53.32 ± 1.29 years. ROC curve analysis showed that in male patients, the AUC of PhA for predicting pre-frailty was 0.919, with a sensitivity of 94.5% and specificity of 91.3%, and a cutoff value of 6.05°; in female patients, the AUC of PhA was 0.870, with a sensitivity of 70.5% and specificity of 90.6%, and a cutoff value of 5.25°. The AUC of FTSST for screening pre-frailty in male patients was 0.827, with a sensitivity of 62.3% and specificity of 96.2%, and a cutoff value of 12.95 s; in female patients, the AUC of FTSST was 0.784, with a sensitivity of 67.3% and specificity of 84.0%, and a cutoff value of 12.95 s. Additionally, in male patients, the combination of PhA and FTSST resulted in an AUC of 0.930, with a sensitivity of 96.4% and specificity of 81.3%; in female patients, the AUC was 0.911, with a sensitivity of 78.7% and specificity of 92.5%.ConclusionPhA measured by BIA, in combination with the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test, serves as an effective screening tool and predictor of pre-frailty in MHD patients. The combination of PhA and FTSST shows enhanced diagnostic value in female patients, while PhA alone is sufficient for predicting pre-frailty in male patients.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051111), registered on 2021–09-13.

Development of gravitationally aligned pendant IMU frailty identifier

This study focused on the practical development of a device for the early detection of frailty by leveraging the advanced Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) technique. A five-time sit-to-stand test (FTSST) was conducted with people simply wearing a devised IMU pendant to evaluate the degree of frailty. As anticipated, the pendant sensor was recommended to be loosely strapped on older people's bodies for a comfortable outfit. Hence, the measurements from the IMU device would vary with the strap angle of the pedant. A calibration of gravitational alignment, which aligns the measurements to the gravity direction exactly with the FTSST motion signals consistently with an identical principal axis, would benefit the straightforward successive signal analysis and assessment. A prototype was thus developed with the designated calibration by using an open and systematic principle. This study analyzed the signals of accelerometer and gyroscope from IMU, and the subject's demographic profiles comprised a spectrum of features for identification analysis. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis for relevance ranking were used to reduce the feature dimensionality. Classifiers, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were introduced to infer the frailty level of the subject. An innovative signal calibration and alignment process with solid mathematical support was imposed in the scheme. As deployed, the designated frailty identifier arrived at its generalized accuracy of 95.45 % with real clinic subjects in prediction. The alignment calibration process is the key for not only resolving the loose-attachment problem tolerantly but also enhancing the discriminability of the features. The prototype revealed the better integrity in developing a cheap, tiny, wearable device to identify the frailty.

Prevalence, Impact, and Screening Methods of Sarcopenia in Japanese Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disease manifesting as low muscle mass and impaired muscle function. It has been reported that sarcopenia correlates with a low quality of life (QOL) and an increased risk of falls in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the prevalence, impact, and screening methods of sarcopenia in Japanese patients with PD. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus. We compared demographic characteristics, severity of PD, levodopa equivalent daily dose, QOL, fatigue, impulsive and compulsive behaviors, body mass index (BMI), calf circumference, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, a 4-meter gait speed, a five-time sit-to-stand test (FTSST), short physical performance battery, and SARC-F questionnaire scores between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups. Furthermore, to investigate the best tool for screening sarcopenia in PD, the sensitivity and specificity of calf circumference, handgrip strength, FTSST, and SARC-F questionnaire were compared. The prevalence of sarcopenia in PD was 31.9% (15/47). The sarcopenia group showed significantly higher age (77.3 ± 5.12 versus 70.3 ± 8.17, p = 0.0042), lower BMI (19.3 ± 2.99 versus 23.3 ± 3.18, p = 0.0002), higher rate of decreased calf circumference (86.6% versus 34.3%, p = 0.0013) and SMI (100% versus 6.25%, p < 0.0001), and worse FTSST (15.5 ± 5.57 versus 12.0 ± 4.12, p = 0.0219). The other parameters were not significantly different. Among screening tools, calf circumference had the highest sensitivity (86%) and specificity (65%). All screening tools had higher sensitivity and specificity in men than in women. The SARC-F questionnaire was not useful in distinguishing sarcopenia but was significantly correlated with the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part 3 (r = 0.41, p = 0.0037) and the 39-item Parkinson's Disease QOL Scale (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001). This study investigated the characteristics of PD patients with sarcopenia in Japan. Calf circumference was found to be the most useful tool for screening sarcopenia in PD. Handgrip strength and FTSST also showed high sensitivities, particularly in men. Conversely, the SARC-F questionnaire is not suitable for diagnosing sarcopenia in PD.

Correlation between motor function and health-related quality of life in early to mid-stage patients with Parkinson disease: a cross-sectional observational study.

To investigate the correlation between motor function and health-related quality of life (HrQOL) in early to mid-stage patients with Parkinson disease (PwP). This cross-sectional study recruited PwP from April 2020 to December 2023 at the outpatient clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing, China. The motor symptoms were assessed using Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part 3. Balance function was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the risk of fall using Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG), and Five Times Sit-to-Stand test (FTSST). Freezing of gait questionnaire (FOGQ) was used to evaluate the severity of gait. The Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity (IDEEA) recorded gait cycle parameters, and the isokinetic dynamometer measured muscle strength. The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) was used to measure HrQOL. All assessments were tested during the on state. Spearman correlation was conducted to evaluate the correlation between motor function and HrQOL. 243 patients with mean age of 69.33 years were enrolled. The PDQ-39 score was strongly correlated with FOG in H&Y stage III (r = 0.653, p < 0.001) and moderately correlated in H&Y stage I (r = 0.471, p < 0.001) and H&Y stage II (r = 0.386, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the FOG was strongly correlated with mobility domain at H&Y stage III (r = 0.694, p < 0.001) and moderately correlated at H&Y stage I (r = 0.431, p < 0.001) and H&Y stage II (r = 0.434, p < 0.001). All motor function scores were correlated with PDQ-39 scores at H&Y stage III (p < 0.05). Motor function correlated with HrQOL in early to mid-stage PwP, and FOG was the main factor, especially affecting mobility, activities of daily life and communication. HrQOL in patients at different disease stages were variously affected by motor function, and HrQOL and multiple dimensions was significantly associated with motor function in patients at H&Y stage III.

Gamified Exercise with Kinect: Can Kinect-Based Virtual Reality Training Improve Physical Performance and Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Osteopenia, caused by estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women (PMW), lowers Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and increases bone fragility. It affects about half of older women's social and physical health. PMW experience pain and disability, impacting their health-related Quality of Life (QoL) and function. This study aimed to determine the effects of Kinect-based Virtual Reality Training (VRT) on physical performance and QoL in PMW with osteopenia. The study was a prospective, two-arm, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial. Fifty-two participants were recruited in the trial, with 26 randomly assigned to each group. The experimental group received Kinect-based VRT thrice a week for 24 weeks, each lasting 45 min. Both groups were directed to participate in a 30-min walk outside every day. Physical performance was measured by the Time Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST), Modified Sit and Reach Test (MSRT), Dynamic Hand Grip Strength (DHGS), Non-Dynamic Hand Grip Strength (NDHGS), BORG Score and Dyspnea Index. Escala de Calidad de vida Osteoporosis (ECOS-16) questionnaire measured QoL. Both physical performance and QoL measures were assessed at baseline, after 12 weeks, and after 24 weeks. Data were analyzed on SPSS 25. The mean age of the PMW participants was 58.00 ± 5.52 years. In within-group comparison, all outcome variables (TUG, FRT, FTSST, MSRT, DHGS, NDHGS, BORG Score, Dyspnea, and ECOS-16) showed significant improvements (p < 0.001) from baseline at both the 12th and 24th weeks and between baseline and the 24th week in the experimental group. In the control group, all outcome variables except FRT (12th week to 24th week) showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) from baseline at both the 12th and 24th weeks and between baseline and the 24th week. In between-group comparison, the experimental group demonstrated more significant improvements in most outcome variables at all points than the control group (p < 0.001), indicating the positive additional effects of Kinect-based VRT. The study concludes that physical performance and QoL measures were improved in both the experimental and control groups. However, in the group comparison, these variables showed better results in the experimental group. Thus, Kinect-based VRT is an alternative and feasible intervention to improve physical performance and QoL in PMW with osteopenia. This novel approach may be widely applicable in upcoming studies, considering the increasing interest in virtual reality-based therapy for rehabilitation.

Effects of whole-body vibration training on lower extremity muscle strength and physical function in elderly patients with sarcopenia

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the feasibility and benefits of WBV training in enhancing muscle strength and physical performance in older inpatients with sarcopenia. Methods We included 40 patients with sarcopenia (mean age 85 years; age range 80~90 years) and randomly separated into the WBV group or control (CON) group. The WBV group underwent 8 weeks of conventional rehabilitation training combined with WBV, whereas the CON group received 8 weeks of conventional rehabilitation training alone. The primary outcome was maximal isometric muscle strength. The secondary outcomes were the time-up-and-go test (TUGT), the five-times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), the 6-m gait speed test, and the Morse Fall Scale (MFS). Results After an 8-week intervention, only the quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles in the CON group showed substantial gains in strength. In the WBV group, significant increases were observed in iliopsoas (P&lt;0.05), quadriceps (P&lt;0.01), hamstring(P&lt;0.01), and tibialis anterior muscle (P&lt;0.01) respectively. For all physical performance assessments, improvements were observed in both CON and WBV groups (P&lt;0.05), the improvement in the WBC group was greater than the CON group (P&lt;0.05). However, there was no significant difference in fall risk between the two groups (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion This result highlights a eight weeks of whole-body vibration training can increase the lower-limb muscular strength and physical performance of older inpatients with sarcopenia.

Physical impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors with and without hip osteonecrosis: a PETALE cohort study.

Long-term musculoskeletal complications represent a growing burden for survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL). This study aimed to describe physical impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions in a high-risk subgroup of cALL survivors of the PETALE cohort. This cross-sectional study, using observational data from the PETALE cohort, included a subgroup of survivors who presented high-risk criteria for late effects. Outcomes measures consisted of hip magnetic resonance imaging, maximal isometric muscle strength (MIMS) or torque (MIMT), range of motion (ROM), Near Tandem Balance (NTB), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Five Time Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), and health-related quality of life. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed. Survivors (n = 97, 24.2 ± 6.7years old) showed limited grip strength, FTSST, and NTB performance compared to reference values (p < 0.001). Thirteen participants (14.6%, 18 hips) had hip osteonecrosis (ON) (53.8%male). Higher severity hip ON was found in female survivors (66.7% vs. 22.2%). Survivors with hip ON had reduced hip external rotation ROM compared to those without (p < 0.05). Relationships were found between MIMS and ROM outcomes (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) and with 6MWT (r = 0.39-0.41, p < 0.001). Our multiple linear regression model explained 27.6% of the variance of the 6MWT. Survivors in our subgroup had clinically significant physical impairments and activity limitations, and those with hip ON showed worst hip impairment outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of long-term follow-up including physical therapy assessment to help early identification and management of physical impairments and activity limitations in survivors of cALL.

Physical performance tests have excellent reliability in frail and non-frail patients with prostate cancer

Purpose Our aim was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the 2-min walk test (2MWT), timed up and go test (TUG), and five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST) in prostate cancer (PC) patients. Methods This study was conducted with 73 patients who were classified into two groups as frail and non-frail determined by the Geriatric-8 questionnaire. Patients performed the 2MWT, TUG, and FTSST tests for two times. The test-retest reliability of the 2MWT, TUG, and FTSST was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The standard error of measurement (SEM95) and minimal detectable change (MDC95) values were calculated. Results All tests showed excellent test-retest reliability for both groups (ICC(2.1) > 0.90). The SEM95 and MDC95 values of 2MWT were 3.09, 8.57, and 3.15 m, 8.73 m for frail and non-frail groups. The SEM95 and MDC95 values of TUG for the frail group were 0.6 and 1.66 and 0.43 and 1.19 for the non-frail group, respectively. The SEM95 and MDC95 values of FTST for the frail group were 0.68 and 1.88 and for the non-frail group 0.86 and 2.38. Conclusions The 2MWT, TUG, and FTSST showed excellent reliability in frail and non-frail older adults with PC which can be used to assess physical performance.

Comprehensive Assessment of Lower Limb Function and Muscle Strength in Sarcopenia: Insights from the Sit-to-Stand Test.

The sit-to-stand test is an essential tool used to assess lower limb function and muscle strength in older adults and various patient populations, and also plays a role in sarcopenia screening. Among its forms, the five-time sit-to-stand test (FTSST) is widely used, with previous studies suggesting cutoff values of &gt;10 seconds and &gt;11 seconds for the sitting-to-standing and standing-to-sitting transitions, respectively. The 30-second and 1-minute sit-to-stand tests (30STS and 1MSTS, respectively) also provide comprehensive assessments. While much of the current research on sarcopenia focuses on the FTSST, there is a burgeoning need for an in-depth exploration of the 30STS and 1MSTS. Studies on these tests are vital to refine the criteria for sarcopenia, establish accurate cutoff values, and enhance diagnostic precision and treatment effectiveness. This need highlights the importance of further research into the 30STS and 1MSTS for refining the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.

Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of four functional tests in community-dwelling older adults with high risk of falls.

This study aimed to quantify test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the four commonly used functional tests in older adults with a high risk of falling. The cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 community-dwelling older adults (26 females, 4 males; mean age: 73.7±6.0 years; range, 65 to 88 years) with a high fall risk identified by the Thai falls risk assessment test between November 2018 and May 2019. Data from the 10-m walk test at a comfortable gait speed (CGS) and fast gait speed (FGS), timed up and go (TUG) test, five times sit to stand test (FTSST), and 6-min walk test (6MWT) were collected twice for each participant. The interval between test sessions was one week. Test-retest reliability was analyzed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC at the 95% confidence interval (MDC95) were also calculated. The four functional tests had ICC in the range of 0.92 to 0.97. The SEM values of the CGS, FGS, TUG, FTSST, and 6MWT were 0.06 m/sec, 0.04 m/sec, 1.10 sec, 1.30 sec, and 20.60 m, respectively. The MDC95 values of the CGS, FGS, TUG, FTSST, and 6MWT were 0.16 m/sec, 0.12 m/sec, 3.00 sec, 3.50 sec, and 57.20 m, respectively. All functional tests demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability. The SEM and MDC95 of all functional tests were established. These findings can help clinicians interpret the effectiveness of interventions and determine changes in functional ability over time in older adults at high risk of falls.

Effectiveness of mid thoracic spine mobilization on postural balance and gait ability in subacute stroke patients: A randomized clinical trial.

Although mulligan sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAG) and maitland mobilization (MM) are common interventions for musculoskeletal disease, no study has directly compared the effectiveness of mid-thoracic spine mobilization in subacute stroke patients. To investigate the effects of mid-thoracic spine mobilization (SNAG vs. MM) on postural balance and gait ability in subacute stroke patients. Fifty subacute stroke patients were randomly allocated to the SNAG (n= 17), MM (n= 16), and control (n= 17) groups, each receiving a neuro-developmental therapy program for four successive weeks. The SNAG and MM groups additionally received mid-thoracic spine mobilization (T4∼8). The primary outcome measure was postural sway, and secondary outcome measures included the five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), functional reach test (FRT), 10-m walk test (10MWT), 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and global rating of change (GRC). Participants reported no adverse events, and there was no loss to follow-up. The SNAG and MM group patients demonstrated significant improvements (p< 0.05) in postural sway, FTSST, FRT, 10MWT, and 6MWT compared with those in the control group, with no between-group differences. Mid-thoracic spine mobilization allows significant improvements in postural balance and gait ability in subacute stroke patients, with no differences between the SNAG and MM techniques.

Importance of the assessment of knee joint function after a stroke

Purpose This study aimed to assess knee joint function in post-stroke patients using wireless motion sensors and functional tests. This type of evaluation may be important for improving gait quality. Methods The study included 25 post-stroke patients (age 53.5 ± 8.4 years) and 25 healthy controls (age 51.1 ± 7.7 years). Knee function was assessed using passive range of motion (PROM), active range of motion (AROM) at any speed, maximum speed AROM (FROM), and joint position sense (JPS). Orthyo® motion sensors and a mobile app were used for measurements. The following functional tests have been used: Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Results Before rehabilitation, the average values of PROM (p=0.006), AROM (p=0.005), FROM average (p &lt; 0.001) and maximal velocity (p &lt; 0.001), JPS 30º (p = 0.002), JPS 60º (p = 0.002) and JPS 80º (p &lt; 0.001) were significantly worse in the paretic limb than in healthy people. The applied rehabilitation contributed to improving the PROM and AROM and the average and maximum speed of rapid movement in the knee joint. Proprioception (JPS) also improved. Only the average (p &lt; 0.001) and maximum speed (p &lt; 0.001) in the FROM test in the knee joint of the paretic limb after rehabilitation significantly differed from the values in healthy people. The patients' performance (functional tests) improved after rehabilitation (TUG (&lt; 0.001) and FTSST (&lt; 0.001)), but it did not reach the level of healthy people. Conclusions The function of the knee joint in the paretic limb is significantly impaired and requires inclusion in the therapy plan in the early period after stroke.

Association of body composition and physical activity with pain and function in knee osteoarthritis patients: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to delineate disparities between patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) based on obesity status, investigate the interplay among body composition, physical activity and knee pain/function...