Five-factor Theory Research Articles

Relationships for Women with Breast Cancer Among Extraversion and Neuroticism Personality, Stress, Demoralization, Sleep Disturbance, and Psychological Well-Being: A Structural Equation Model

Objectives: According to the personality five-factor theory (FFT), this study explored a structural equation model for women with breast cancer involving variables, including extraversion and neuroticism, post-breast-cancer stress, demoralization, sleep disturbances, and psychological well-being (PWB). Methods: A total of 351 women with breast cancer were recruited from mid-Taiwan for the cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Results: In this model, extraversion had direct effects on demoralization (−0.21), sleep disturbances (−0.16), and PWB (0.36); neuroticism had direct effects on post-breast-cancer stress (0.28), demoralization (0.12), and sleep disturbances (0.19); post-breast-cancer stress had direct effects on demoralization (0.71) and PWB (0.38); demoralization had direct effects on sleep disturbances (0.33) and PWB (−0.75). Accordingly, extraversion had a higher direct influence on demoralization than neuroticism (−0.21 vs. 0.12); however, neuroticism correlated with demoralization more than extraversion with demoralization (0.36 vs. −0.28). Neuroticism had a higher direct influence on sleep disturbances than extraversion on sleep disturbances. With regards to indirect influences, post-breast-cancer stress partially mediated the path from neuroticism to demoralization. Demoralization completely mediated the path from post-breast-cancer stress to sleep disturbances and partially mediated the path from extraversion to sleep disturbances. Moreover, demoralization and post-breast-cancer stress together completely mediated the path from neuroticism to PWB. Furthermore, a suppression effect occurred, making the influence from post-breast-cancer stress to PWB positive, which seemed to characterize post-traumatic growth; meanwhile, the suppression enforced the negative effect of demoralization on PWB. Conclusions: Post-breast-cancer stress and demoralization play important roles in clinical counseling for survivors of women with breast cancer.

Five-factor theory of aging and death due to aging

This new theory of aging explains that aging and death due to aging are due to five factors, and also explains how these factors are interconnected and jointly lead to aging and death of the organism, pointing to many facts that strongly support it. The first factor is the harmful changes that occur in cellular structures. The second factor is the cessation of cell division in adult organisms, which leads to the inability to restore cellular structures. The third factor is the feature that cells do not die due to the accumulation of harmful changes that occur in the cells during the life of the organism. The fourth factor is the inability of stem cells to regenerate tissue by replacing such cells with new ones, because somatic cells do not die and there are no signals that stimulate the proliferation of stem cells and their differentiation into new ones that would replace dead cells. The fifth factor is that all cells die suddenly, due to the cessation of one of the vital functions of the organism, and not gradually during life, due to a decrease in the functionality of cells caused by the introduction of harmful changes in cellular structures, which would allow stem cells to regenerate tissues and keep the body young. Also, to show that this aging theory is valid, the theory gives its view of the evolution of five factors, which according to this theory lead to aging, which gives strong support to this theory.

Theory of education and pedeutology in psychological approach - the perspective of personality and socio-emotional competences of the teacher and their importance in the educational process

This article presents considerations on the significance of a teacher's personality in the educational process. The starting point was reflections on the special role of the modern teacher, and then - against the background of assumptions specific to the psychological orientation in the theory of education - the basic assumptions of classical pedeutological concepts of a teacher (J. Mirski, S. Szuman, Z. Mysłakowski, B. Nawroczyński, J. W. Dawid, M. Kreutz and S. Baley) were discussed. Particular attention was paid to the numerous references to the desired personality traits of a teacher and to the expectations formulated towards him regarding his broadly understood ability to establish positive relationships with students. Then, the results of these reflections were compared with the Big Five personality traits in terms of the Five-Factor Theory of Personality and with socio-emotional competences as a group of key competences from the perspective of building both intra- and interpersonal potential of a teacher.

Case Analysis of Financial Fraud Based on CRIME Theory

In today's diversified era, China's economy is developing at a high speed, but it has also triggered people's concern about financial fraud. The constant emergence of financial counterfeiting incidents as well as endless counterfeiting methods have brought serious impacts to the society. The difficulty of recognizing fraudulent means is increasing, and we urgently need to find new ways to solve this urgent problem. Financial counterfeiters have no fear, wantonly for the wrong, completely disregard for the laws of the economic market, serious damage to the legitimate rights and interests of investors. Taking Tongjitang's inflated revenue of 21.1 billion yuan as an example, they have been carrying out financial fraud for four consecutive years, resulting in a huge amount and far-reaching impact. This paper will firstly review the case of Tongjitang's falsification, then analyze the financial falsification based on CRIME five-factor theory, and finally put forward corresponding suggestions and measures for their falsification means. Through the research and discussion in this paper, we hope to improve the understanding of financial counterfeiting, strengthen the ability to prevent and combat financial counterfeiting, further protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors, and maintain the stability and healthy development of the economic market.

Conceptual and methodological issues in the study of the personality-and-culture relationship.

Culture-and-personality studies were central to social science in the early 20th century and have recently been revived (as personality-and-culture studies) by trait and cross-cultural psychologists. In this article we comment on conceptual issues, including the nature of traits and the nature of the personality-and-culture relationship, and we describe methodological challenges in understanding associations between features of culture and aspects of personality. We give an overview of research hypothesizing the shaping of personality traits by culture, reviewing studies of indigenous traits, acculturation and sojourner effects, birth cohorts, social role changes, and ideological interventions. We also consider the possibility that aggregate traits affect culture, through psychological means and gene flow. In all these cases we highlight alternative explanations and the need for designs and analyses that strengthen the interpretation of observations. We offer a set of testable hypotheses based on the premises that personality is adequately described by Five-Factor Theory, and that observed differences in aggregate personality traits across cultures are veridical. It is clear that culture has dramatic effects on the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from which we infer traits, but it is not yet clear whether, how, and in what degree culture shapes traits themselves.

Teachers’ perception of their self-efficacy from the perspective of the Five-Factor Theory of Personality

In the article, on the background of theoretical considerations on the meaning of the sense of self-efficacy in the work of a modern teacher functioning in the changing conditions of the 21st century reality and the role that personality (in terms of the Five-Factor Theory of Personality by Paul T. Costa and Robert R. McCrae) may play in shaping this key factor, the results of empirical research conducted with the participation of Polish and American teachers are presented. The analyzes proved that the respondents who were characterized by a statistically significantly higher level of self-efficacy were also characterized by such an intensity of personality traits in terms of the Big Five (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness), which corresponded to the pattern of teacher personality, which has been present in the pedeutological discourse over the years.

I am. Therefore, I will? Predicting customers' willingness to co-create using five-factor theory

PurposeCustomers' participation in co-creation is a prerequisite for co-creation success. To identify customer co-creators, research has shown a recent interest in the role of personality traits as predictors of customers' engagement in co-creation. However, the empirical results regarding the direction and significance of these relationships have been inconclusive. This study builds on the five-factor theory (FFT) of personality to enhance one's understanding of the nomological network that determines the relationship between personality traits and customers' willingness to co-create (WCC).Design/methodology/approachBased on a large-scale empirical study on technology-based services (TBSs) in healthcare (n = 563), the authors empirically investigate the role of the five-factor model (FFM), innate innovativeness (INI) and enduring involvement (EI) in predicting customers' WCC using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe authors’ empirical findings show that depending on the configurational setting of the personality traits tied to the FFM, INI and EI evolve as mediators in determining customers' WCC.Originality/valueThis study is the first to introduce the FFT of personality into co-creation research. The results of this paper shed light on the relationships between personality traits, characteristic adaptations and customers' WCC.

Jan Strelau: Two perspectives

We discuss the life and work of Jan Strelau from the perspectives of the Regulative Theory of Temperament and Five-Factor Theory. Both posit that traits are early-appearing and relatively stable over time, have a substantial biological basis, can be found in human and non-human species, and must be inferred from the behaviors that express them; they differ in the scope of temperament, the role of the environment in shaping traits, and the adaptive function of traits. The instruments associated with the two theories converge empirically: The temperament traits of Briskness and Endurance are related to Conscientiousness, Perseveration and Emotional reactivity to Neuroticism, Activity to Extraversion, and Sensory sensitivity to Openness. Five informant ratings of Strelau concurred in showing that he was low in Neuroticism and high in Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness. A biographical sketch shows that despite potentially traumatic events in childhood and adolescence, Strelau lived a full and productive life. His life course is consistent with the view of both theories that adult personality traits are chiefly a reflection of biological influences.

Relationship between Project Managers Personality and Small Public Construction Project Success in Malaysia

In the field of project management, particularly the construction industry in Malaysia, there are two key factors in determining the progress of a project, namely technical and non-technical skills. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the personality (non-technical skills) among Malaysian project managers on the success of small public construction projects. Using the Five Factor Theory (FFT) as a basis, this study uses two sets of measuring instruments for examining project manager’s personality and project success, the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the Project Success Achieved (PSA). The questionnaire was distributed to two major organizations in Malaysia, the Implementation Coordination Unit, Prime Minister’s Department (ICU JPM) and Ministry of Rural Development (KPLB), which involved 137 project managers. The obtained data were analyzed using PLS-SEM and results indicate that the project manager’s personality has a significant impact on the success of SPCP where Conscientiousness (CT) and Agreeableness (AG) had a more prominent influence compared to other traits. This study provides theoretically meaningful relationships and valuable insights into construction management via personality element to ensure that national development objectives are achieved.

Взаимосвязь личностных особенностей и учебной успеваемости старшеклассников

The influence of personality traits on performance at school is regularly researched in various studies, including meta-analytical studies. As personality traits are quite stable, they scarcely can be changed. According to the five-factor theory, the influence of inborn traits on behaviour is mediated by acquired characteristic adaptations. Which means that it is easier to change characteristic adaptations in order to correct behaviour, rather than traits. The survey was conducted among 135 Russian adolescents, ages from 14 to 17 (M=15.19; SD=0,71). The traits of the Big Five and four variations of reflexive characteristic adaptations were measured. Performance was also counted – the average score in all subjects for each student in the past academic year. As a result, we have found correlations of conscientiousness and openness with performance. This research has shown that reflexive characteristic adaptations are a more trustworthy performance correlate than traits. We have discovered that meta-attitude toward conscientiousness contributes, in a unique way, to performance at school. This contribution depended on neither gender differences nor the differences in the conscientiousness trait itself. The study has also revealed that the correlations between performance and openness can mostly be explained by gender differences. Whereas meta-attitude toward openness makes a significant contribution to the variation of successes in studying regardless of the gender differences and the differences in the openness treat itself. Thus, the research has shown, that reflexive characteristic adaptations contributes, in a unique way, to the prediction of performance at school.

Understanding persons: From Stern's personalistics to Five-Factor Theory

William Stern, a founder of differential psychology, was also an early exponent of person-centered approaches to personality. Lamiell (2009) and Block (1961) argued that interactive or ipsative approaches to assessment are more suitable for person-centered psychology, but these methods are susceptible to distortions that can be corrected by standardization, the usual method used in variable-centered assessments. We argue that persons can be understood by (1) employing a comprehensive and multi-faceted personality inventory, preferably completed by two sources; (2) supplementing the personality profile by gathering information on the person's characteristic adaptations and life outcomes; and (3) explaining adaptations and outcomes in terms of enduring personality traits, as suggested by Five-Factor Theory (McCrae & Costa, 2008). We conclude with a case study.

Religiosidad y espiritualidad en el marco del modelo de los cinco factores de la personalidad

A pesar de que el vínculo entre la espiritualidad y los rasgos de la personalidad fue intensamente indagado en la literatura académica en los últimos años –particularmente en el marco del modelo y la teoría de los cinco factores de la personalidad, no existen trabajos de revisión que permitan sintetizar el estado del arte respecto de esta relación. Por este motivo, el propósito del presente trabajo es revisar los estudios que se proponen indagar los constructos numinosos en atención a las diferencias individuales a partir de una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía en las bases de datos PsycInfo, ERIC, Pubmed, CAIRN, CLASE, Scielo, Dialnet, Lilacs y Redalyc. De acuerdo con la revisión, si bien existe una considerable disparidad de resultados, generalmente se han reportado asociaciones positivas entre estos constructos y la apertura, la responsabilidad, la extroversión, y la amabilidad, y negativas con el neuroiticismo. Se concluye que la discrepancia en los resultados respondería a la multiplicidad de técnicas de evaluación disímiles empleadas para relevar la espiritualidad y la religiosidad.

The Role of Firm’s Unique Resource in Developing Sustainable Competitive Advantage from Strategy Inimitability and its Effect on Firm Performance of Mining Companies in Indonesia

The positive relationship between unique resources and sustainable competitiveness of the company has been well understood and applies to almost all businesses. However, little is known about the specific effects of the uniqueness of resources and business strategies in this relationship. Using resource-based view (RBV), Porter's five-factor theory, and game theory, as well as imitation theory between companies, this study explains how the influence of company-specific resources and the uniqueness of the company's strategy as a sustainable competitive advantage affect performance. Analysis of data collected from surveys on 101 mining companies in Indonesia shows companies with distinctive resources are able to produce unique business strategies and insofar as they cannot be replicated, companies can enjoy sustainable competitive advantage. This implies that mining companies need to avoid their resources and business strategies to be imitated by their competitors if the company still wants to maintain competitive advantage and performance.

Trait expression through perceived job characteristics: A meta-analytic path model linking personality and job attitudes

Research has provided considerable support for the dispositional basis of job attitudes. However, the theoretical mechanisms that mediate such personality trait-job attitude relationships have been less forthcoming. Drawing from five-factor theory and self-verification theory, in the present study we developed and tested a meta-analytic path model linking the five-factor model (FFM) of personality to overall job attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment) through employees' perceptions of task and social job characteristics. In doing so, we reveal important work features through which each FFM trait is expressed to shape employee job attitudes. We discuss the implications of our results for both theory and practice and highlight future research directions for both personality trait and job attitudes inquiry.

Opting for an open society? Personality traits and attitudes toward the openness of Switzerland

The tension between openness and closedness is one of the most important cleavages in Swiss political debates. In the present article, we study the psychological foundations of attitudes regarding this issue. More precisely, we examine the link between personality and attitudes toward the degree of openness of Switzerland as a general stance toward the cultural, economic and political alignment of the country. Personality is understood as a complex and multifaceted concept that forms the basis for consistent patterns of attitudes and behavior. We build on the Five-Factor Theory to explain the link between personality traits, contextual factors and political attitudes. Analyzing survey data from a random sample of Swiss citizens, we find clear evidence that personality traits affect political attitudes. Furthermore, we are able to demonstrate that the relationship between personality and attitudes toward the degree of openness of Switzerland is moderated by perceived ethnic diversity in the neighborhood.

Personality development in the context of individual traits and parenting dynamics

Our conceptualization of adult personality and childhood temperament can be closely aligned in that they both reflect endogenous, likely constitutional dispositions. Empirical studies of temperament have focused on measuring systematic differences in emotional reactions, motor responses, and physiological states that we believe may contribute to the underlying biological components of personality. Although this work has provided some insight into the early origins of personality, we still lack a cohesive developmental account of how personality profiles emerge from infancy into adulthood. We believe the moderating impact of context could shed some light on this complex trajectory. We begin this article reviewing how researchers conceptualize personality today, particularly traits that emerge from the Five Factor Theory (FFT) of personality. From the temperament literature, we review variation in temperamental reactivity and regulation as potential underlying forces of personality development. Finally, we integrate parenting as a developmental context, reviewing empirical findings that highlight its important role in moderating continuity and change from temperament to personality traits.

Personality and ideological bases of anti-immigrant prejudice among Croatian youth

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we explore the relationship between personality, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO) and anti-immigrant prejudice of Croatian youth (N = 1050). We base our hypotheses on the Dual-process motivational model of ideology and prejudice (DPM) and the meta-theoretical framework of McCrae and Costa’s five-factor theory of personality (FFT), assuming that dispositions (basic tendencies) relate to ideological attitudes (characteristic adaptations) that further relate to prejudice (objective biography). The present study contributes to the existing literature by disentangling the mechanism of the personality–prejudice relation in thus far under-researched anti-immigrant prejudice domain. In addition, as one of the rare examinations of the personality–prejudice relation conducted outside the Western Europe and North America, the study offers valuable insight about the cross-cultural stability of the current findings. On the present sample, extraversion and openness to experience exerted direct effects on anti-immigrant prejudice. Indirect effects via RWA were found for extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness, and indirect effects via SDO were found for agreeableness, neuroticism and openness. Intriguingly, indirect effects of agreeableness on prejudice via RWA and SDO operated in opposite directions. Overall, the results support the DPM and FFT assumptions and provide fair replication of the existing empirical evidence.

Personality and uveitis.

BackgroundPsycho-immunology is an emerging branch of science which studies the interaction between the brain and the immune system. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of personality factors in patients with non-infectious uveitis and to find its association with a particular uveitic entity if any.This is a prospective, observational, case-control study of 186 patients with non-infectious uveitis (group A) and controls from general ophthalmology outpatient department (group B). “Global 5/SLOAN” personality questionnaire was used which is based on the five-factor theory of personality which describes personality factors based on the presence or absence of five primary dimensions, viz extroversion, orderliness, emotional stability, accommodation, and intellectual curiosity. Personality factors of patients from groups A and B were compared. History of present illness, clinical diagnosis, details of systemic ailment, and demographic information were collected.ResultsGroup A comprised HLA-B27-related uveitis (n = 30), uveitis due to sarcoidosis (n = 10), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (n = 5), sclero-kerato-uveitis due to rheumatoid arthritis (n = 5), and idiopathic uveitis in rest. Forty-five patients with uveitis had associated systemic ailment. Uveitis patients (n = 56) showed positive personality trait: S (social), C (calm), O (organized), A (accommodative), and I (inquisitive). In contrast, the control group (group B) which mainly comprised patients with non-pathological refractive error and visually insignificant cataract showed more number of negative personality traits (n = 62): R (reserved), L (limbic), U (unstructured), E (egocentric), and N (non-curious). This difference between the uveitis and control group was found to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001). The difference was also statistically significant for O (p = 0.008), U (p = 0.004), and C (p = 0.022) with chi-square test. Calm personality was found to be significantly associated with HLA-B27-related uveitis (p = 0.002). N, S, and A traits were seen almost equal in numbers in both the groups. U trait was absent in group A, whereas I trait had negligible presence in group B.ConclusionsOur finding of an association between organized personality type and uveitis and calm personality and HLA-B27-related uveitis warrants further studies to understand the complex mechanism of psycho-immunology in uveitis.

Reflexive characteristic adaptations within the five-factor theory: Between basic tendencies and external outcomes

Do people judge personality using criteria different from the abstract perspective on a trait presented in conventional questionnaires? And if they do, what does it mean for the relation between personality and diverse life outcomes? With regard to the five-factor theory, these and associated issues are addressed by outlining an examination of a novel subclass of characteristic adaptations which I term reflexive. Reflexive characteristic adaptations (RCA) represent opinions and interpretations by means of which individuals monitor, and reflect on, their personality traits and the personality traits idea in general. In this study I have addressed three types of RCA: attitudes toward traits, meta-traits, and meta-attitudes toward traits. I was interested in the relationships between RCA and two types of external outcomes – online social networking (OSN) behavior and academic achievement. A sample of 1030 undergraduate students aged from 17 to 38years (M=19.65, SD=1.72) was employed. Personality traits correlated indirectly with both OSN behavior (n=830) and academic achievement (n=739) via RCA. The contribution of meta-traits was different from that of attitudes toward traits and meta-attitudes toward traits. These contributions were either compensatory or amplifying. The implications of RCA are discussed.

Driving Forces of Entrepreneurship; an Experimental Approach

Abstract The experimental approach in whole economical science, despite of rising popularity, is highly uninvestigated. The obvious benefits of this kind of view are often overlook or substitute with more abstract mathematical way, sacrificing precise data for more elegant but sometimes too simplistic model. Thus in this paper we examine a dataset from experiment we designed to investigate the entrepreneurship phenomenon and its driving forces. We used a framework for identify entrepreneurship potential of participants base on the five-factor personality system theory of Costa & McCrae (1992) known as Big-Five. We were able to develop the experimental design, which was able to measure the overconfidence of participants and afterwards model the relationship between all Big-Five dimensions and measured overconfidence.