Fitness Of Elderly Women Research Articles

Impact of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation and Resistance Training on the Level of Functional Fitness in Elderly Women

ABSTRACT 
 Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) and resistance training (RT) on the level of functional fitness in a group of elderly women.
 Participants: 63 women (60-65 years) were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (19 in WB-EMS, 22 in RT) and one control group (22 women). Both experimental groups underwent a ten-week lasting interventional program, the control group was asked to maintain their usual daily regimen and lifestyle.
 Methods: Senior fitness test battery (SFT) determined the level of functional fitness in participants, and the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessed the body composition. 
 Results: The RT group reported a statistically significant difference between pre-and post-test in values of the Chair Stand test (p = 0.04), 8 Foot up and Go (p = 0.03), in the Back Scratch test left side (p = 0.02) and the Chair Sit and Reach test right side (p = 0.05). The WB-EMS interventional program had a positive statistically significant effect only the on level of flexibility of the lower limbs measured by the Chair Sit and Reach test left side (p = 0.05).
 Conclusions: The results of all individual components of functional fitness measured by SFT in both experimental groups (WB-EMS, RT) show an improving tendency. Comparing WB-EMS and RT groups, better results were confirmed in the RT group.
 Study limitations: Extending the length of intervention programs could have a more significant effect on the level of functional fitness in elderly women.
 Keywords: ageing, functional fitness, Senior fitness test, DXA, resistance training, WB-EMS

The impact of Aqua Pilayoga program on functional fitness in elderly women

Background: The literature highlights the benefits of physical activity using water resistance during movement in the aquatic environment, and the combination of pilayoga with the activity in the aquatic environment offers an interesting alternative to modern training and inspires research in this field. Nowadays, aquatic fitness is one of the most widely recognized fitness programs among health specialists, sports professionals, and practitioners. Aims: The main aim of the study was to assess the effect of three months of participation in an aqua pilayoga program on the functional fitness of women over 60 years of age. Method: The study group followed a supervised training routine 2 times per week for 3 months. The variables assessed at baseline and after 3 months included body composition (BIA), anthropometric indices i.e. body mass index, and results of the Fullerton Fitness Senior Test (FFST) which evaluated functional fitness. Fitness parameters measured in the study were strength and muscular endurance, mobility, dexterity, speed, body balance, motor coordination, reaction time, and flexibility. Results: After 3 months of the experiment, the greatest changes were found in endurance, agility, and strength of the upper and lower limbs. Positive adaptations were also observed in increased leg strength and flexibility of the lower and upper body. After 3 months, body mass index and fat mass decreased significantly (p<0.05), whereas basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass, and total body water increased significantly (p<0.001) Conclusions: Our findings indicated that aqua pilayoga programs can improve health parameters better and faster than in other sports. This is probably related to the specificity of the aquatic environment (buoyancy, density, resistance force, or waves) and physical exercise in water.

TRX 운동이 여성노인의 등속성 근력 및 활동체력에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TRX exercise on isokinetic muscle strength and living physical fitness in elderly women. Statistical Data was processed by SPSS(Windows Version 12.0) using descriptive statistics regarding the physical characteristics of subjects as well as each variables(isokinetic muscle strength and living physical fitness). The difference of within and between in two group was analyzed repeated measures ANOVA, significant level was set a=.05. The results were as follows: Isokinetic muscle strength, there was significant difference according to the measurement, Living physical fitness the results, there was significant difference according to the measurement. From the results, We findings suggest that elderly women could improve their muscle strength and living physical fitness through TRX program.

16주간 우리춤 운동 프로그램이 여성노인의 인지기능과 기능체력에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate how Woo-Ri dance exercise program affects the cognitive function and senior fitness in elderly women. The subjects of this study were 30 female senior citizens aged 65 or older in the metropolitan city of B, and were classified into two groups: the experimental group Woo-Ri dance exercise(n=15) and the control group(n=15). The experimental group was conducted three times a week for 16 weeks. The data were calculated using the SPSS(24.0) statistics program to calculate the mean value(M) and standard deviation(SD) for each variable. To investigate main effects and interaction effects, you performed a two-way iterative ANOVA and set the post-comparison with the significance level to less than 0.05. The result was a significant increase in the main effect(p<.001) of Woo-Ri dance exercise on changes in K-MMSE as a marker of cognitive functions, and in the case of controls, the main effect was significantly reduced and the interaction effect(p<.001). For six functional fitness tests, the main effects of Woo-Ri dance exercise(p<.01, p<.001) was shown respectively, and in the control group, the main effects(p<.05, p<.01, p<.001) The interaction effects (p<.001) with were shown. Based on the results of the study, Woo-Ri dance exercise improves muscle strength, flexibility, balance, agility, cardiopulmonary endurance, and cognitive function. Therefore, Woo-Ri dance exercise is considered to be a safe and effective exercise that does not strain our joints, and will use the lives of elderly women as a physical, mental and social healthy program.

경로당 이용 여자노인에게 시행한 낙상예방운동이 체력에 미치는 효과

본 연구는 경로당 이용 여자노인에게 시행한 낙상예방운동이 체력에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 시행하였다. 2019년 6월부터 12월까지 G시의 경로당 이용 노인 42명에게 낙상예방운동을 시행하였다. 대상자는 실험군과 대조군으로 나누었으며, 24주 동안 주당 3회 60분 동안 운동을 시행하였다. 실험 전과 후, 대상자들에게 체력을 평가하였다. 자료분석은 χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann Whitney U test를 시행하였다. 낙상예방운동 시행 후, 실험군이 대조군에 비해 의자에서 일어섰다 앉기, 덤벨들기, 의자에 앉아 앞으로 굽히기, 244㎝ 왕복 걷기가 유의하게 증가하였다. 반면, 2분 제자리 걷기, 등 뒤에서 양손잡기는 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 낙상예방운동은 경로당에서 쉽게 모여 할 수 있는 방법이며, 가정에서도 개별적으로 대상자의 운동 강도를 조절하여 시행할 수 있는 운동이라고 생각한다.

Avaliação da aptidão física de idosas em um Programa de Atividades Físicas

Atrelado a um bom programa de atividades físicas, geralmente, têm-se métodos para avaliar as capacidades funcionais de indivíduos que dele participam. As informações geradas por esta avaliação possibilitam conhecer as características dos idosos a partir de ferramentas simples e úteis, auxiliando no diagnóstico das limitações específicas de cada indivíduo e na definição de estratégias para promoção de saúde, visando retardar ou prevenir as incapacidades resultantes do envelhecimento. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar, em diferentes grupos etários, os níveis de aptidão física funcional de idosas participantes de um programa de atividades físicas. O estudo realizado foi de natureza quantitativa e característica descritiva. A pesquisa foi realizada no município do Crato–Ceará, na qual participaram 47 idosas integrantes do programa Saúde, Bombeiros e Sociedade. Para a coleta dos dados, foi aplicado um questionário e realizada uma avaliação antropométrica e uma avaliação da aptidão física, esta mensurada através da bateria de testes de a Rikli e Jones. Percebeu-se que todas apresentaram resultados abaixo da média para o teste “Caminhada de seis minutos”; a faixa etária com o maior número de testes abaixo da média foi a entre 60 e 64 anos, seguida pela faixa etária de 74 a 79 anos, com dois testes. Na análise geral dos resultados, percebe-se que, quanto à resistência aeróbica, agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico, as participantes demonstraram resultados insatisfatórios ou abaixo da média, indicando um déficit nessas valências.

The effect of oral glucose tolerance testing on changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure in elderly women with hypertension and relationships between the stage of diabetes and physical fitness levels.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess changes in blood glucose level, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in elderly women aged over 65 years with hypertension and either normal glycemic control, impaired fasting glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus. We also wished to investigate the relationship between stages of diabetes and physical fitness.[Methods] A total of 24 elderly women with hypertension were assigned to a control group (CON; n=7), impaired fasting glucose group (IFG; n=9), and diabetes mellitus group (DM; n=8). In each group, blood glucose level, brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), and blood pressure were measured at baseline as well as 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. Physical fitness factors such as hand grip strength, balance test, 4 m gait speed test, chair stand test, short physical performance battery, and 6-minute walking test were subsequently assessed.[Results] In all three groups, blood glucose levels were significantly increased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. In the DM group, blood glucose levels were significantly higher before and after a 75 g OGTT than in the CON group. In the CON group, PWV was significantly increased at 60 minutes after a 75 g OGTT; however, there were no changes in other groups after glucose ingestion. In the CON group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT compared to baseline. However, there was no change in blood pressure after ingestion in the DM group. The IFG group had greater grip strength than the CON group; however, there were no differences in other variables between the groups.[Conclusion] After a 75 g OGTT, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes maintain higher blood glucose levels compared to those with hypertension alone. Unlike elderly women with hypertension alone, those with hypertension and diabetes did not show changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure after a 75 g OGTT. Therefore, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes may not be able to control their blood vessels following a 75 g OGTT due to impaired vascular endothelial function. Moreover, there was no association between diabetes stage and physical fitness in elderly women with hypertension.

16주간 체력강화 운동프로그램이 85세 이상 고령노인의 일상생활체력에 미치는 효과

16주간 체력강화 운동프로그램이 85세 이상 고령노인의 일상생활체력에 미치는 효과

홍삼과 갈조류 혼합 음료 섭취가 여성 노인의 체력 변인에 미치는 영향

홍삼과 갈조류 혼합 음료 섭취가 여성 노인의 체력 변인에 미치는 영향

Effects of 4 Weeks of Active Exergames Training on Muscular Fitness in Elderly Women.

Gallardo-Meza, C, Simon, K, Bustamante-Ara, N, Ramirez-Campillo, R, García-Pinillos, F, Keogh, JWL, and Izquierdo, M. Effects of 4 weeks of active exergames training on muscular fitness in elderly women. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 427-432, 2022-To analyze the effects of 4 weeks of an active exergames training program on muscular fitness in older women, 2 groups of community dwelling physically active subjects were formed by block-design randomization. One was deemed the control group (CG, n = 37; age 68.1 ± 3.3 years), and a second group completed 4 weeks of an active exergames training program (ExG, n = 35; age, 69.2 ± 3.7 years). Training included active exergames (Wii Fit Plus) performed on the Wii Balanceboard, 2 sessions per week. The exergames required mainly balance-related movements, such as leaning forward, leftward, and rightward, also requiring isometric squat positions and explosive leg extension. A supervisor-to-subject ratio method of 2:1 was used. An intensity-based individual progressive overload was applied. There were no significant (all p > 0.05, d = 0.01-0.07) baseline differences between-groups for all dependent variables. For the ExG, significant improvements were observed in static balance right leg test (Δ75.5%, d = 0.89), static balance left leg (Δ33.7%, d = 0.57), timed up-and-go test (Δ14.8%, d = 0.85) and sit-to-stand velocity test (Δ83.8%, d = 1.62). For the control group, trivial to small decrements in performance were observed across all tests (Δ -2.1 to -8.4%, d = -0.08 to 0.32). Group × time interactions were observed for the static balance right and left leg, timed up-and-go test, and the mean velocity achieved in the 5-repetition sit-to-stand test (all p < 0.001; d = 0.33-0.60). In conclusion, exergames training improves muscular fitness in older women. These results should be considered when designing appropriate and better exercise training programs for older women.

Aptidão física relacionada à saúde em idosas assistidas assistidos pelo Núcleo de Apoio a Saúde da Família de Canindé, CE, Brasil

Aptidão física relacionada à saúde em idosas assistidas assistidos pelo Núcleo de Apoio a Saúde da Família de Canindé, CE, Brasil

Effects of 16 weeks’ combined exercise on insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and leukocyte telomere length in elderly women with type 2 DM

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 16 weeks’ combined exercise training on insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, leukocyte telomere length, body composition, and daily living fitness in elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Twenty-eight participants were randomly assigned into one of two groups, i.e., exercise training group (EX: n=14) and control group (CON: n=14). Subjects in EX participated in 3 sessions of 60 min-combined exercise for 16 weeks, whereas subjects in CON were asked to maintain their normal life pattern during the same period. The variables regarding insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, leukocyte telomere length, body composition, and daily living fitness were measured and compared between two groups as well as between pre-post test utilizing a repeated two-way ANOVA. Results Main results were as follows: 1) Fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR tended to decrease in EX, whereas increased significantly in CON. 2) IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP decreased in EX, but the changes were not statistically significant. 3) MDA increased significantly and GPx decreased significantly in both EX and CON. 4) Leukocyte telomere length increased significantly in EX. 5) Fat-free mass increased in EX, whereas fat mass and percent body fat decreased significantly in EX. 6) Arm curl, chair stand, sit &amp; reach, tandem test, 10m walking speed, and up &amp; go improved significantly in EX. Conclusion It was concluded that the combined exercise for 16 weeks had a positive effect on improving insulin resistance, increasing leukocyte telomere length, as well as enhancing body composition and daily living fitness in elderly women with type 2 diabetes.

태극권 운동이 여성 노인의 일상 체력과 면역 기능에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data necessary for development of TaiChi exercise program and to provide basic data for the health maintenance of the elderly women by analyzing the effects of 18weeks TaiChi on physical fitness and immune functions of elderly women. 30 female subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups, i.e., TaiChi exercise training group 15, control group 15. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects before enrollment into this study. All subjects participated in pre-test and post-test, that is., physical fitness test(muscle strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, range of motion and balance), and immune functions test(IL-2, IFN-γ, IgM, IgA and IgG). Exercise training was performed 5 times per week, for 60minutes each time, for 18 weeks. A paired-sample t-test and an independent-sample t-test were conducted with the SPSS Ver. 23.0 statistic program to test of physical fitness and immune functions and differences in changes between the groups before and after exercise. The results of this study were as follows. Firts, in the changes of physical fitness variables after 18 weeks exercise training, there improved significantly of cardiovascular endurance, range of motion and balance in elderly women. Exercise group revealed exhibited significant differences statistically, but control group showed few changes during the experiment. Second, in the changes of immune functions variables after 18 weeks exercise training, there increased significantly of IFN-γ, IgA, IgG. Exercise group revealed exhibited significant differences statistically, but control group showed few changes during the experiment. In conclusion, TaiChi exercise program for 18 weeks improved in physical fitness in elderly women and positively affected immune functions-related cytokine and immunoglobulin.

ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN ELDERLY WOMEN PERFORMING NORDIC WALKING EXERCISE

Aim: the purpose of the research was an assessment of increased physical activity influence on selected elements of elderly women biological condition. Basic procedures: the research material consisted of measurement data of 80 elderly women that were divided into two grups: active (n=31) which participated in a health training, and control (n=49). We measured: basic somaic features, BMI, WHR, BMD and functional physical fitness. Results: analysed parameters of bone mineral density were slightly better of the physically active women in comparison to the unactive women. During analysis of physical fitness tests, active achieved decidedly higher results, which indicates positive influence of the nordic walking health training on functional physical fitness of elderly women. Conclusions: Utilised health training was an optimal stimulus for the examined women – their functional physical fitness and BMD improved considerably. No similar changes were noted in the control group

12주간의 순환운동이 근감소증 노인 여성의 낙상관련체력에 미치는 영향

12주간의 순환운동이 근감소증 노인 여성의 낙상관련체력에 미치는 영향

Mobility, Balance, and Muscle Strength Adaptations to Short-Term Whole Body Vibration Training Plus Oral Creatine Supplementation in Elderly Women

Background: A decline in neuromuscular function can cause a decrease in physical fitness in elderly women. Objective: The present study aimed at investigating whether whole body vibration (WBV) training and creatine supplementation could affect muscle strength, mobility, and balance in elderly women in short- term. Methods: The participants were 22 healthy elderly women aged 60 to 80 years, who were randomly divided into the whole-body vibration and creatine (WBV + Cr) group, whole-body vibration and placebo (WBV + P) group, and control group. The whole-body vibration group performed exercises for 10 days. The participants in WBV + Cr group consumed 20 g oral creatine supplement per day from the first to the fifth day, which was followed by consuming 5 g of creatine per day for the next 5 days. To assess mobility performance, a 30-meter walking and tandem gait tests were applied. Static and dynamic balance were measured by Flamingo and Timed-Up and Go (TUG) tests. Muscle isometric and isotonic strength were assessed by dynamometer and leg extension tests. Results: No significant difference was found in static balance (P = 0.11), but WBV + Cr and WBV + P groups showed better results in dynamic balance (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). Moreover, leg isotonic strength improved significantly in WBV + Cr and WBV + P groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). However, leg isometric strength and 30-meter walking performance significantly improved only in WBV + Cr group compared to the control group. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in isometric strength of the hand (P = 0.89) and tandem gait test results among the groups (P = 0.25). Conclusions: A short-term WBV exercise improves isotonic strength of the leg muscle and dynamic balance, while creatine supplementation with and without WBV training increases isometric strength of the leg muscle and mobility in elderly women.

The Effect of Lower Extremity Muscles Strengthening Exercise on Health Related Fitness in Elderly Women - Mainly in Isokinetic Muscle Function and Balance Ability -

본 연구는 24명의 노년기 아쿠아로빅스 회원들을 대상으로 아쿠아로빅스와 하지근력강화 운동을 12주간 지속한 집단(n=12)과 아쿠아로빅스 운동만을 12주간 지속한 집단(n=12)의 신체구성과 평형성 그리고 슬관절 등속성 근기능 요인에 미치는 영향에 대해 비교분석하였다.BR 그 결과, 첫째, 아쿠아로빅스와 하지근력 운동을 복합적으로 실시한 실험집단에서 신체구성 변인 중골격근량 요인에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며, 둘째, 체력요인을 집단간 비교 분석한 결과 하지근력운동을 12주간 실시한 집단이 근력, 근지구력, 민첩성 능력에서 유의한 향상을 가져온 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 하지 등속성 근기능 요인에서는 슬관절 신전시 등속성 근력 및 근지구력 요인에서 유의한 향상이 나타났다.BR 결론적으로 아쿠아로빅스 운동이 전반적인 체력 향상에 긍정적인 변화를 가져오지만 수중에서의 부력으로 인해 하지근육의 발달을 위해서는 하지근력강화운동프로그램을 병행하는 것이 노인여성의 하지근지구력과 부분적인 체력에 도움을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다.

장기간의 요가운동이 고령 여성의 낙상 관련 체력에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of yoga exercise program on fall-related physical fitness in elderly women. Subjects for study were 15 elderly women with an age range of 75 to 89 years. Balance(OLS, TUG), flexibility(hip joint ROM, ankle ROM), lower strength(knee extensor/flexor strength, CST were investigated before and mid(after 3 months) and after 9 months yoga exercise program(60min/day, 2 day/week, for 9 months). All data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures of SPSS. The results showed that significant increase were found for OLS(p.01, p.001), hip joint(p.001, p.05), ankle ROM(p.001, p.01), knee extensor(p.05, p.001), knee flexor(p.001, p.001), CST(p.001) after 9 months yoga training. But there was no significant difference after 3 months yoga training in all variables except CST. Therefore, we recommend that a yoga exercise program in elderly women is a useful intervention to falls-related physical fitness, but further long-term program is required.

Effect of High-speed Power Training on Muscle Force, Power and Functional Fitness in Elderly Women

Effect of High-speed Power Training on Muscle Force, Power and Functional Fitness in Elderly Women

Effects of Walking Program Volume and Frequency on Blood Pressure and Functional Fitness in Elderly Women

Promoting physiological health of elderly by constant and regular exercise programs can provide integral health care. This study evaluated the effects of exercise volume, exercise intensity and frequency on blood pressure and functional fitness in elderly women participating in a 12-week exercise program. Sixty senior subjects (average age: 65.6 ± 3.3 years) with irregularly exercise volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were assigned randomly into three groups (20 people in each group). The following items were measured before and after the program, evaluating at two distinct time points: one at baseline, and another after 12 weeks of walking program. Training include an 8-10 min warm up, 50-60 min of walking at an intensity corresponding to 50-70% and 75-90 heart rate maximum (HRmax), and end with an 8-10 min cool-down. The body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), Chair stand, 8 foot up and go and 6-min walk tests were significantly improved at high volume/vigorous intensity than at low volume/moderate intensity and low volume/ vigorous intensity. However, no significant differences were found in 8 foot up and go and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In addition, there are the significantly positive correlation of chairs stand, arm curl, 8 foot up and go and 6-min walk, significantly negative correlation of BMI and SBP test on the exercise volume in elderly women. Thereby displaying exercise volume more than 24 km/wk of Produce benefits in elderly women. In order to improve functional fitness, an exercise frequency of at least three times a week should be recommended, with the exercise intensity more than 50-70% HRmax and exercise volume more than 24 km/wk of Produce benefits in elderly women. Thus, exercise training walking program promotes physical functions of the elderly women, but also resembles a basis for establishing an exercise prescription for them.