Boxing Research Articles

Review: A History of Boxing in Mexico: Masculinity, Modernity, and Nationalism, by Stephen D. Allen

Review: <i>A History of Boxing in Mexico: Masculinity, Modernity, and Nationalism</i>, by Stephen D. Allen

“Fighting Spirit”: World War I and the YMCA's Allied Boxing Program

ABSTRACTThis article highlights the U.S. Armed Forces’ appointment of the YMCA to train American soldiers in boxing during World War I and so contributes to scholarly research on religion and war as well as religion and sports. As the YMCA taught the fistic art to white regiments in stateside military camps and to the American Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front, I argue that World War I was a watershed moment for both Muscular Christianity and boxing. Religious, political, and military leaders announced boxing to be ideal for the close-proximity encounters in the trenches, and they championed the YMCA as being best equipped to turn newly enlisted recruits into hardened trench-pugs. To the YMCA-military, the practical benefits of boxing were that soldiers would not just be “good with their hands” but also have a good manly character, a “fighting spirit.” In the establishment of a new world order, boxing thereby became a bellicose technique for unmaking evil others and a Christian method for remaking “overcivilized” white men. Immediately after the war—because of the Y—the sport of boxing, previously believed unscrupulous, was redeemed. Protestant Christians and a larger public recast boxing as less an activity for the morally corrupt and the criminal underworld and more an enlightened pursuit in the realization of an authentic, God-given human nature. Legalized, mainstreamed, and backed by antimodern logic, Christian theology, and white fears of racial devolution, boxing was for “character” more than crime.

Queensberry Rules and Jacob's Biscuits: James Joyce's Easter Rising

This essay considers Joyce's literary response to the 1916 Easter Rising by examining how Ulysses and Finnegans Wake establish a dynamic participatory space in which readers might negotiate the meaning of the historical event. The "Cyclops" episode of Ulysses, in its mock-accounts of the Keogh-Bennett boxing match and the Irish Volunteer garrison at Jacob's Biscuit Factory, illuminates the misuse of figurative language, the classic trope of catachresis, awakening readers to the rhetorical underpinning of the Irish revolution. Expanding this work of metaphorical interpretation and historical re-assessment, Finnegans Wake resituates the core metaphors of the Easter Rising within mythic and super-historical contexts.

2017국가대표 복싱선수 선발과정 오류에 관한 내러티브 탐구

The purpose of this study is to analyze the selection process of formal boxing players in Korea and find ways to improve the national competitiveness by selecting experienced boxing athletes with high experience and skills in international competitions. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, participants were chosen from the successful 2016 National Sports Festival unemployment team. Among this team, 3 men and women who did not participate in the 2017 National Boxing Tournament, one elite boxing association executive, one National Boxing team leader, and three unemployment team leaders were chosen as research participants. The results were as follows: First, the 2017 national boxing match is a formal game in which most high-match unemployed players are absent. Second, the 2017 national boxing squad selection process was conducted without considering domestic characteristics and only focusing according to the AIBA rules. Third, the lack of financial rewards and rigorous lifestyle at the Korean National Training Center went against the mindset of the unemployed team members who would rather avoid hard exercise in favor of personal comfort.

The Parody of Musical Instruments in Medieval Iconography

The vast field of musical iconography during the Middle Ages must necessarily deal with the rich and surprising imagery of western manuscripts, showing a fanciful proliferation of playing creatures and bizarre deformations, sometimes inspired by exotic suggestions. In marginal miniatures of 14th century we can discover an interesting and puzzling topic: the parody of entertainers, with hybrid men playing a vielle with tongs, mermaids or apes playing jawbones and so on. The spreading of this topic in medieval iconography is linked to a satirical purpose aimed at professional entertainers, harshly condemned by Christian writers. Strange instruments made out of everyday objects like grills and distaffs, or ‘exotic’ animals like peacocks, mingle in the grotesque underworld of marginal miniatures, in which the noble art of music is often replaced by the cacophonous noises suggested by the devil.&#x0D;

Структура соревновательной деятельности спортсменов высокой квалификации в разных версиях боксерских турниров

Objective. To identify the differences in the structure of competitive activity of elite athletes competing in different versions of boxing tournaments. Methods. An analysis of the official protocols of boxing matches was carried out to identify the leaders in the middleweight category among amateurs, semi-professionals, and professionals based on the results of the performance of the athletes. When analyzing video records of matches, the notation system was used for recording the bouts with the scores characterizing competitive performance and activity of an athlete as well as diversity of his actions. Results. The differences were identified in the structure of competitive activity of semi-professional (WSB) and professional boxing compared to amateur boxing as the initial stage in the development of professional career of high-class boxers. Professional boxers showed a markedly high density of the bout and a level of activity in the bout, which is expressed in greater differences when compared to both amateur boxers (15.96–107.39 %) and semi-professional boxers (8.71–37.85 %). The differences between qualified amateur boxers and semi-professionals were smaller and ranged from 6.67 to 9.58 %. It is noticeable that more successful boxers of a high class, above all, are distinguished by the higher competitive performance due to having more punches that reached the target. Conclusion. The current trends in improving the system of sports training consist in the need to bring it in line with the rules of different versions of boxing matches. The evolution of modern boxing has demonstrated a tendency for the changes in the rules of boxing matches towards an increase in the number of rounds with a duration of 3 minutes from three to five, which is accompanied by a further increase in the intensity of the boxers actions as well as a growth of the effectiveness of their technical and tactical actions in all rounds of the bout. Key words: boxing, competitive activity, professional boxers, amateur boxers.

Fast-track fisticuffs? An ethnographic exploration of time and white-collar boxing

Whilst white-collar boxing at first appears to be named according to the social class of its practitioners, this paper will argue that this initial appearance is misleading. Based on the analysis of 32 interviews and six months of ethnographic data collection at a boxing club in the English Midlands, it argues that white-collar boxers do not recognise the classed connotations of the term white-collar, to which sociologists tend to be accustomed. Within this lifeworld, white-collar has become a temporal signifier, referring to a version of the sport in which participation is for beginners and limited to eight weeks, culminating in a public boxing match in front of a large crowd. This eight-week participation model is outlined and identified as being drastically different from other forms of boxing, which are emblematic of modernity. White-collar boxing therefore provides entry into a wider discussion on the social construction of time. Acceleration and condensation of time are routinely discussed in this field, and it is suggested that a conceptual split between condensed and accelerated time allows for this white-collar boxing to be understood. Ultimately, white-collar boxing is theorised as the condensed reproduction of the idealised career of the professional boxer.

A History of Boxing in Mexico: Masculinity, Modernity, and Nationalism

A History of Boxing in Mexico: Masculinity, Modernity, and Nationalism

Efficient exploration process and enlightenment of oil-rich sags in eastern China: a case study on the Boxing subsag in Jiyang depression

Efficient exploration process and enlightenment of oil-rich sags in eastern China: a case study on the Boxing subsag in Jiyang depression

ALBO BOKSER, ALBO BANDYTA: ETYCZNY OBRAZ WALCZĄCEGO CIAŁA W LITERATURZE OBOZOWEJ

Autor porównuje dwie wersje opowieści o bokserze-więźniu obozów koncentracyjnych i obozów zagłady Moshé Garbarzu: intymistyczną (Un survivant) i powieściową (Le ring de la mort) w kontekście etycznych wartości, jakie w obu konotuje imaginarium boksu jako zjawiska zawieszonego pomiędzy porządkiem natury i kultury.

THE COMPARISON OF ATTENTION LEVELS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN DIFFERENT SPORT BRANCHES

In this study, it was desired to measure the attention levels of university students in different branches and reveal the severity, direction of the relationship between sportspeople in different branches of sport and sedentary and also the effect of sport on attention. The population of the research is composed of 942 students between the ages of 17-28 who studied at the University of Firat in 2016-2017 academic year and are active in sport activities in 16 branches (Athletics, Basketball, Volleyball, Soccer, Futsal, Table Tennis, Tennis, Badminton, Boxing, Wrestling, Taekwon-do, Handball, Kickboxing, Folk Dance, Karate, and Marksmanship). The sample of the study consisted of 342 students selected by simple random sample method among 942 students (273 active students and 69 sedentary students). The d2 attention test was used to measure the attention levels of the students participating in the study and the obtained data were analyzed and evaluated by chi-square test, independent groups t-test and one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the help of SPSS 22 statistical package program. In the study, it was observed that the students who play sports in the indoor fields have better attention skills than those who do sports in the outdoor fields when sport branches played in the indoor fields were compared with the ones played in outdoor fields. Article visualizations:

Assessing chest pain in children

In adults chest pain, whilst sometimes benign, can be the symptom of serious cardiac pathologies. However, in children with chest pain, serious organic pathologies are rare. Nonetheless, this symptom still causes considerable anxiety in parents, children themselves and often their doctors. The assessment of chest pain in children should aim to identify or exclude factors or red flags suggestive of serious organic causes. With a good history and thorough examination most children do not need further investigation and can be discharged with reassurance (Figure 1). This article discusses how to assess for red flags and considers two ‘typical’ cases that might be referred to a general paediatrician for further assessment (Box 1). Box 1Two ‘typical’ referrals with chest pain Case 1 A 10-year-old boy presents to GP with chest pain for 6 months. His mother is very concerned. Of note a 15 yr old boy at this child's school collapsed and died recently following a boxing match; on examination his GP finds a soft systolic murmur. Case 2 A 16-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with severe chest pain and breathlessness of sudden onset; her height is 180 cm and she has no significant past medical history. Her dad died at 37 years old and post-mortem confirmed dissection of the aorta. A 10-year-old boy presents to GP with chest pain for 6 months. His mother is very concerned. Of note a 15 yr old boy at this child's school collapsed and died recently following a boxing match; on examination his GP finds a soft systolic murmur. A 16-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with severe chest pain and breathlessness of sudden onset; her height is 180 cm and she has no significant past medical history. Her dad died at 37 years old and post-mortem confirmed dissection of the aorta.

La Campagne présidentielle de 2017 sous le signe (ou au risque) de la télé-réalité

La campagne électorale de 2017 mise en scène par les médias n'a pas ressemblé à une « course de chevaux », ou à un match de boxe. Le traditionnel petit théâtre de la politique a semblé déserter ce monde du spectacle bien codifié pour se couler dans un genre télévisuel à la fois populaire et décriée: la télé-réalité. Enfermés à l'intérieur d'un écran de télévision en permanence branché – en live – sur le récit de la campagne, par les chaînes d'information continue, les acteurs de cette aventure politique sont devenus des stars de la télé-réalité. Les thèmes empruntés à la vie personnelle triomphent, tandis que se multiplient confidences, révélations et scandales. L’émotion s'infiltre partout, les candidats sont éliminés après une série d’épreuves que ne renieraient pas les producteurs de Big Brother ou de Koh Lanta! On est loin, en 2017, du jeu serein et rationnel auquel on pouvait espérer faire jouer les médias, dans ce moment crucial de la vie démocratique française. Avatar d'une « révolution de velours » menée par Emmanuel Macron ou début d'une tendance?

CLASS TENSIONS IN THE GAMES OF HOMER: EPEIUS, EURYALUS, ODYSSEUS, AND IROS

AbstractThree contest scenes in Homer reveal a thematic concern with class tension: the two contests with Epeius in Iliad 23, Odysseus's encounter with Euryalus in Odyssey 8, and Odysseus's boxing match with Iros in Odyssey 18. Epeius is a comic scapegoat who succeeds in challenging the elite Euryalus, boasts ineptly, and is later ridiculed. Odysseus in Odyssey 8 is also challenged by a (different) nobleman named Euryalus, whom Odysseus rebukes, saying that a man cannot be skilled in all things and that one ought not judge by appearances. The &amp;#x91;skilled man&amp;#x92; phrase found both in the Epeius episode and in that with Odysseus (Il. 23.670–71; Od. 8. 59–60), highlights the intertextuality and focuses on the theme of merit over appearances. Finally the Iros–Odysseus boxing match parodies and parallels the above epic-challenge scenes. Each episode fosters consideration of the essential ambiguity of class relations in the period of transition to the polis c. 700 bce.

Caffeine ingestion changes time-motion and technical-tactical aspects in simulated boxing matches: A randomized double-blind PLA-controlled crossover study

The number of offensive actions and glycolytic energy in combat sports both increase with caffeine (CAF) ingestion. In addition, the effects of CAF on technical-tactical and time-motion analysis and physiological parameters in boxing are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CAF ingestion on physiological parameters and the notational analysis of boxing matches. Ten male boxers were recruited; the participants ingested 6 mg kg−1 BM of CAF or placebo (PLA) 30 min prior to the match in a crossover design. Heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected before and after each of three 2 min rounds, interspersed by 1-min recovery; the matches were recorded for notational analysis. A two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used for the physiological variables, and a three-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used for technical-tactical and time-motion variables. Statistical differences were found for HR and RPE between rounds (F(6, 54) = 131.3, p = .001; = 0.93 and F(2, 18) = 40.6, p = .001; = 0.81, respectively) but not between conditions (F(1, 9) = 0.46; p = .51; = 0.05 and F(1, 9) = 0.02, p = .89; = 0.002, respectively). The CAF condition induced a greater duration of interaction blocks (CAF = 6.5 ± 1.8 s; PLA = 4.4 ± 0.9 s; p = .01). Effort:pause ratio was 4.4 s:8.7 s (approx. 1:2) for PLA and 6.5 s:9.4 s (1:1.44) for CAF, which were significantly different (p < .05). In conclusion, 6 mg kg−1 BM of CAF prior to simulated boxing matches induces a greater duration of high-intensity actions, with no effects on internal load markers.

Concurrent Validity and Reliability of a Linear Positional Transducer and an Accelerometer to Measure Punch Characteristics

Lambert, C, Beck, BR, and Weeks, BK. Concurrent validity and reliability of a linear positional transducer and an accelerometer to measure punch characteristics. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 675-680, 2018-Punch speed is an important factor in the sport of boxing, and its measurement has important implications for monitoring training progression and outcomes. The aim of the current study was to establish the concurrent validity and reliability of a linear positional transducer and an accelerometer for the quantification of punch characteristics in untrained adults. Men and women aged 18-30 years with no previous boxing experience and no upper-limb musculoskeletal injuries were recruited. Participants performed 6 straight right punches; 3 at a self-determined 50% effort; and 3 at maximum effort. An accelerometer (Crossbow) and a linear positional transducer (GymAware) were used to examine peak velocity and acceleration of each punch. Validity was examined using Pearson's correlation analyses and by calculating mean bias and limits of agreement between measures from each device, whereas reliability was established using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Forty-four healthy young adults (28M and 16F; age 22.2 ± 2.9 years) participated. Moderate-to-strong positive associations were observed for both devices at 50% effort for velocity (r = 0.572-0.696) and acceleration (r = 0.867-0.921) and at maximum effort for velocity (r = 0.748-0.781) and acceleration (r = 0.897-0.946). High levels of reliability were observed with maximum punches for both devices (ICC = 0.922-0.981). Overall, moderate-strong measurement validity and reliability for punch speed was observed between the accelerometer and GymAware. Thus, the GymAware linear positional transducer is an acceptable measurement tool for the quantification of punch speed for straight punches in untrained adults.

Historical relationship of the 100th anniversary of prizefight⋅boxing with Corean peninsulaⅠ

This study for the Empire(1897,10,12~1910,8,29) before and after the ethnic group of the local boxing events and information center which is the symbol of the Corean Peninsula Issues 유각권구락 부 established to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the historical context of the Corean Peninsula Boxing and means were examined. The results obtained for the more specific the peninsula was the beginning of my boxing, boxing inflows were also more specific. Moreover, South Corea and the features of this paper, research and publications related to boxing that was not mentioned anywhere in the modern boxing was already created on the Corean Peninsula, and western boxing affect Corean boxing to be modern corea boxing as the one most likely to be found is significant. In addition, the Corean peninsula since the Great Corea Empire period Boxing rally organized two events took place in contemporary Corean boxing s October 7, 1912 유각권부락부 Park, Seanpil assumption by two boxing apart even before that boxing has been made more robust as the mean can. Corean amateur boxing system in January 1934 in order to unify the society organizations had an erection, but at the time of the first president pro-Japanese Yoo eokgyeom behavior stain on the Corean Peninsula, boxing history was to be part of the record.

Boxing fatalities in relation to rule changes in Japan: secondary data analysis

ABSTRACTObjectives: To examine whether changing weigh-in from the same day of the match to the day before the match and prohibiting 6-oz gloves are associated with fatalities in boxing matches sanctioned by the Japan Boxing Commission (JBC).Methods: We analyzed the rates of boxing fatalities before and after the two rule changes above via secondary analysis of data. Demographics and boxing records of deceased boxers were examined using descriptive statistics, exact binomial test the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test and Fisher’s exact tests.Results: As of this study, a total of 38 boxers (23.9 ± 3.3 years of age) reportedly died due to injuries sustained in JBC-sanctioned boxing matches since 1952. Changing weigh-in to the day before the match or prohibiting 6-oz gloves was not significantly associated with the rates of boxing fatalities 5 years and 10 years before and after the rule changes (p > 0.05). Deceased boxers after these rule changes were significantly older, completed significantly more rounds in the final match, and were significantly less likely to lose the previous match (prior to the final match) and to do so by knockouts (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Changing weigh-in to the day before the match and prohibiting 6-oz gloves may not result in reducing boxing fatalities.

The Economics of Distance Education: Boxing Match or Productive Dialogue?

A massive disconnect exists between policymakers and education technology professionals regarding distance education finances. If not addressed, this difference in viewpoints could be damaging to i...

Motiv und Symbol als Ausdrucksmittel der Bildsprache in der eisenzeitlichen Kunst

The main object of this article is the codification of varieties of the problem of depictions by motifs, but also by symbolsor ciphers: The first motif to mention is the arrival to the feast by horses and wagons or the processions with animals,of warriors or participants. Secondly, the so-called Epulum is to be named, celebrating, wining and dining, offering foodand drink to participants and lovers. As part of the festival, musicians are playing the lyra and blowing the syrinx too,also dancers and a singing man can be seen. Finally, the contests, so-called Agones – „gymnic“ as fist fighting, so-called„Faustkampf“, „hippic“ as horse- and chariot racing, and „music“ as acting perfomance of musicians – are named. But inorder to represent the festivities in full complexity on one frieze, the artist has to use ciphers as well.