Fishing Technology Research Articles

Into the unknown: Migration and the politics of identity in four coastal municipalities in Southwest Panay, Philippines

Migration has been a great part of fishers’ struggle to survive and prosper, to escape various forms of insecurity and respond to opportunities. In the Philippines, the drastic decrease in fish catch due to overfishing and overexploitation have causes many fishers to migrate to richer fishing grounds. This paper examines the link between in-migration and identity in the coastal municipalities of Miagao, San Joaquin, San Jose de Buenavista and Anini-y in Southwest Panay, Philippines. It looks at how in-migration shapes notions of “community” in these areas and how identity and constructions of the “Other” at the community level take place. Drawing from a household survey of migrant fishers as well from key informant interviews and focused group discussions with coastal communities, the study surmises that migrant fishers, who came mostly from other Visayan islands and Mindanao to take advantage of richer fishing grounds in Panay have remained mostly poor and marginalized. Many have remained as informal settlers, have poor access to health and education and have held few membership and leadership positions in organizations at the community level. While they have been integrated into the local fishing economy as sources of new fishing technology and as poorly-paid workers and suppliers of fish catch to wealthy brokers, their access to fishing grounds, resources and markets was only largely possible through the mediation of “native” middlemen and bosses. While they try to maintain good relationships with other fishers and members of the community, their ability to access political and economic resources have been largely conditioned by their ability to navigate both their own notions of what it means to be an “outsider” and constructs imposed upon them by local power structures which have drawn an invisible yet restrictive line between them and the “natives”.

Traditional fishing technology of fishermen community in Papua

Traditional fishing technology of fishermen community in Papua

Management status of mud crab fisheries in selected areas of FMA 713, East Kalimantan, Indonesia using the Indonesian Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) Assessment Methodology

The selected study area in Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 713 in Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia has extensive mangrove forests with suitable habitat for mud crabs (Scylla sp.), a valuable fisheries resource. Concerns have been raised regarding reported declines in the abundance of mud crabs and in the condition of their mangrove habitat. To evaluate the management status of the mud crab fishery in this area, an assessment was carried out using the Indonesian Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) methodology. The 25 indicators assessed represent 6 domains: Fisheries Resources, Habitat and Ecosystems, Fishing Technology, Social, Economic, and Institutional. The flag model technique was applied using multi-criteria analysis through an expansion of the composite index. The results indicate that the overall management status of mud crab fisheries in Kutai Kartanegara District was in the Moderate class (on a scale of Poor, Insufficient, Moderate, Good, Excellent). Indicators in the Habitat and Ecosystems, Fishing Technology, and Institutional Domains highlighted areas of concern where improvements are needed. The Fisheries Resources Domain aggregate status (moderate) indicated that wild mud crab stocks were still reasonably abundant and reliable, supporting the moderate status in the Social and Economic Domains, which relate to the welfare of fishing communities. The Institutional Domain status was in the poor category. Good governance measures to improve the Institutional Domain indicators have the potential to strengthen the other domains, in particular the Habitat and Ecosystem Domain and the Fishing Technology Domain, and to improve the overall EAFM status of the mud crab fishery in the future.

Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) assessment for grouper and snapper fisheries in Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Groupers and snappers are two demersal fish groups that are currently experiencing heavy fishing pressure both for the live reef fish trade and as fresh or processed fisheries commodities across the Coral Triangle. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of grouper and snapper fisheries in the Bontang region, East Kalimantan, Indonesia using Ecosystems Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) indicators. The assessment followed the Indonesian EAFM Assessment Guidelines methodology, with 6 Domains (Fisheries Resources, Habitat and Ecosystems, Fishing Technology, Social, Economy, and Governance) and 32 indicators. Data were collected through a desk study and site visits including key informant interviews, direct observation and secondary data collection. With the exception of the Social Domain, at least one indicator in each Domain was in the Very Poor category, and three indicators were in the Poor category. Management policies and actions are needed to maintain the overall Good status and address the issues threatening sustainability.

Critical thermal limit and behavior of the Barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) fingerling exposure with different temperature

Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) is one of the commercial fish in Indonesia. The phenomenon of climate change due to global warming has affected the life of aquatic biota, including fish. The objectives of the present study were to determine a critical thermal maximum (CTMax) and the behavior of Barramundi (L. calcarifer) due to the increase in water temperature. The research was conducted at the Fishing Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala in February 2021. The experiment was conducted in 10 aquariums equipped with heaters. The initial temperature of the treatment was 28oC and increased gradually every one minute by 0.2oC. The results showed that the abnormal behavior of Barramundi fingerling was started to appear at 37oC where the fish began to swim fast, then swim sideways at 38oC-39oC, hit the container wall at 39oC-40oC, jumped and weakened then dead at 40oC and 41oC. The average critical temperature of Barramundi fingerling was recorded at a temperature of 41oC within 65 minutes. Therefore, it is concluded that the Barramundi (L. calcarifer) display an abnormal behavior above the temperature of 35oC, however, they can survive up to 42oC exposure for 70 minutes.Keywords:Critical thermal maximumTemperature riseGlobal warming

Minced products from undersized sea fish: new industrial technology

Introduction. The ever-growing world population and protein deficiency increase the demand for products of animal origin, especially fish-based. However, canned foods and fillets, which are the most popular types of fish products, are made from medium-sized and large fish. In spite of the fact that undersized fish is cheap, it requires manual processing and remains so time and labour consuming that it is utilized for non-food purposes. The research objective was to develop a new technology for processing undersized sea fish into minced ready-to-eat products.
 Study objects and methods. The study featured experimental samples of fish mince with texturing agents and food additives vs. control samples of pure fish mince. The experiment involved block-frozen Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens L.). The anchovy was minced without pre-defrosting, gutting, or beheading. The experimental and control samples underwent sensory evaluation and were tested for moisture content, water-binding capacity, and rheological properties using a PNDP-penetrometer.
 Results and discussion. Adding 3.6% of wheat fiber, ≤ 15% of pea flour, ≤ 10% of textured soy, and 12% of onion improved the sensory and technological profiles of the finished product. The recommended mass fraction of fish in the finished product did not exceed 55%, as a higher amount deteriorated the sensory quality of the product. The textured soy provided the optimal texture. The fish balls were cooked from the fish mince, which were deep-fried in breadcrumbs, received a high score for sensory properties and could be recommended as basis for various formulations.
 Conclusion. Minced undersized fish, traditionally used as fertilizers or crude product, proved to be an advantageous semi-finished and ready-to-eat product. The developed technology is relevant for most undersized block-frozen sea fish.

Patterns of Consumption and Potential Home Industry of Processed Fish Products in Kelurahan Bungus Barat

The abundance of marine wealth in West Sumatra has not been maximally
 utilized even though the pattern of community fish consumption in West Sumatra has been
 declared to have increased in the last 10 years. This is caused by several factors such as
 inadequate management of the empowerment of marine and fisheries potentials, limited
 fishing and processing technology, and dependence on climate in Indonesia. Bungus is one
 of the areas in Padang City that has quite high fisheries resources. The composition of
 landed fish species is generally dominated by large pelagic species such as tuna, skipjack,
 cob, black stick and so on. Existing fishery products in the Kelurahan Bungus Barat include
 fresh fish and frozen fish. Non-export quality fresh fish products are distributed for public
 consumption in West Sumatra and the surrounding area. Export quality fish products are
 distributed to Japan and America. Based on the results of a questionnaire analysis to
 respondents in the West Bungus area, the conclusion obtained is that the community has a
 good pattern of fish consumption because of public awareness of fish nutrition besides the
 potential of the home industry of processed fish products in the Bungus Barat Village is
 also quite high because it is supported by the government and abundance of fish in the area.

Poverty in Nunuk Y Kusmiana’s Novel Gadis Pesisir

The purpose of this research was to describe poverty in Nunuk Y. Kusmiana’s novel Gadis Pesisir. The book describes Umar and his daughter Halijah. Umar was a fisherman who did not use modern fishing technology. This greatly affected his fishing abilities, which made the family poor. This study adopted the poverty descriptions proposed by Soeharto (2005), namely a material, social and income description. The material description included daily primary needs such as clothing, food, shelter, health service and education. The social description included social exclusion, dependence on others and an inability to participate in society. The description of income included the lack of income associated with the number of children in the family. This study used descriptive qualitative methods because this is the most suitable method for literary phenomena (Endraswara, 2011). The descriptive method does not use numbers but uses an appreciation of the interaction between the concepts that are being studied empirically (Semi: 1993). The data collection used sorting and noting. The results of the study indicated that material, social and income features are not fulfilled in this novel.
 Keywords: poverty, poverty description, material, social, income

Technological innovations in the recreational fishing sector: implications for fisheries management and policy.

Technology that is developed for or adopted by the recreational fisheries sector (e.g., anglers and the recreational fishing industry) has led to rapid and dramatic changes in how recreational anglers interact with fisheries resources. From improvements in finding and catching fish to emulating their natural prey and accessing previously inaccessible waters, to anglers sharing their exploits with others, technology is completely changing all aspects of recreational fishing. These innovations would superficially be viewed as positive from the perspective of the angler (aside from the financial cost of purchasing some technologies), yet for the fisheries manager and policy maker, technology may create unintended challenges that lead to reactionary or even ill-defined approaches as they attempt to keep up with these changes. The goal of this paper is to consider how innovations in recreational fishing are changing the way that anglers interact with fish, and thus how recreational fisheries management is undertaken. We use a combination of structured reviews and expert analyses combined with descriptive case studies to highlight the many ways that technology is influencing recreational fishing practice, and, relatedly, what it means for changing how fisheries and/or these technologies need to be managed—from changes in fish capture, to fish handling, to how anglers share information with each other and with managers. Given that technology is continually evolving, we hope that the examples provided here lead to more and better monitoring of technological innovations and engagement by the management and policy authorities with the recreational fishing sector. Doing so will ensure that management actions related to emerging and evolving recreational fishing technology are more proactive than reactive.

Gymea and the Fishing Technologies of the New South Wales Coast, Australia

Stories are important to all modern peoples, and this behaviour was no doubt also the case during the deep past. Consequently, it is important that archaeologists understand that artefacts made and discarded thousands of years ago were woven with stories by the peoples who produced them. In some regions of the world, these stories remain accessible by collaborating with the Traditional Owners of the lands from which they were recovered, while in others such an approach is impossible. Nevertheless, researchers need to remember that items carried meaning usually invisible to those outside communities—a principle often taught and cited, but possibly not fully appreciated. Here we tell the Yuin (coastal New South Wales, Australia) story of Gymea and her connection to fishing technologies. This story is told in order to demonstrate the depth of information that is not accessible to archaeologists if Indigenous collaborators are not sought out or available.

Applications of near infrared spectroscopy for fish and fish products quality: a review

Fish and fish products are rich in significant nutrients such as protein and fat, and it is an important part of human diet. However, the deterioration of fish due to the influence of microorganisms and oxidation has not only wasted resources but also affected food safety. Therefore, the development of fast and simple detection technology is an important solution. This paper combines with domestic and foreign literatures, summarizes research papers based on Near-infrared (NIR)spectroscopy, discusses the basic principles, analysis process and modeling methods of NIR spectroscopy respectively, and reviews the application of NIR spectroscopy in physical and chemical indicators, microbial indicators, storage conditions, classification and identification, geographic traceability and other related aspects, which provides a reference for the further development and research of rapid detection technology for fish and fish products.

Development of industrial feed for channel catfish grown in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation

In the result of the analysis of domestic experience over the last 10 years of foreign experience (for example, 9 countries: Vietnam, India, Spain, Canada, China, Norway, USA, Chile, Japan, which possess the most advanced technologies and equipment for highly efficient production of feed for fish) in the development of innovative technologies and equipment for production of high-performance fish feeds were identified that the methods both dry and wet pressing are outdated and do not meet modern requirements in the production of fish feeds since it does not allow a deep physical-chemical transformations in protein-carbohydrate complex and exercise enter fat components at 40 %. Modern fish technologies are based on the use of extrusion processing of multicomponent mixture to give different buoyancy and adjustable rate of immersion of the resulting feed. Extrusion technology will allow to introduce a large amount of fat into the product - up to 35-40 %, to achieve 100 % starch splitting level. Based on the study of the nutrition of the canal catfish grown in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation, the nutritional value of each of the components of the feed mixture, providing the need for fish to ensure a significant increase in the growth of live mass and improve the chemical composition of meat, was assessed for different age groups. To solve this problem, the "Feed Optima Expert" optimization program has developed products of extruded feed. Food needs of canal som: 30 - 40 percent protein, 4 - 6 percent fat, no more than 5 percent fiber, 35 - 40 percent Nosazotic Extract substances and 12 - 13 thousand kilos of Joule digestible energy in 1 kilogram (in recalculation on dry matter).

IPTEKS Bagi Masyarakat Kelompok Pembudidaya Lobster

Due to the increasing demand for lobster raw materials, the demand for lobster seeds continues to increase. UD Sari Laut as a lobster farming group is struggling to meet the demand for lobsters due to the limited number of floating net cages (In Indonesian called KJA) for running lobster seed farms. In an intensive lobster farming business, it is estimated that about 70% of production costs come from feed costs. The aim of this activity is to implement waste fishing technology using floating maps to increase the scale of lobster farming and reduce feed purchase costs. The activity method used is the demonstration plot directly with activity partners with activity stages including preparation for the purchase of floating net cages (KJA) and floating maps, group training, coaching, monitoring and evaluation. The result of this activity was the addition of KJA plots to 9 plots, previously only 6 plots giving a positive value to UD Sari Laut. Besides being able to house about 1,350 lobster seeds, with the addition of KJA plots it can also be used for lobster seed nursery operations with a profit of Rp. 2,970,000/month. The results of the garbage floating cards purchasing activity to meet the need for comprehensive lobster culture feed in KJA provides positive value for KUB Cinta Bahari. Where before having a floating card, the growers usually bought waste fish from fishermen around the site. The cost of buying waste fish ranges from Rp. 30,000 - Rp 50,000, depending on the season and the size of the business. So, with the operation of the floating card, the production cost of feed can be reduced. The existence of this floating card provides additional income, selling fish of high commercial value in the market. The conclusion of this activity is that this activity has a positive value for the target group, by increasing the number of floating net cages for the storage and breeding of lobster seeds and the availability of floating card cages.

Research and Analysis of Perforating Cable Fishing Technology

Perforation gun and cable are stuck underground, which often occurs in cable perforation. Whether the perforation cable gets stuck properly or not will not only affect the cost of accident treatment, sometimes even affect the success or failure of a well, and sometimes delay the best time of other well layout; Therefore, the unblocking and fishing technology of perforating gun is an important part of perforating operation. The fishing operation of perforating gun sticking can be divided into two categories: one is the fishing of cable, the other is the fishing of perforating gun body. The shape of fish falls into rope and tube. The stuck fishing work must accurately grasp: well condition data, fish falling situation, fishing tool combination, fish head situation, etc. Combined with the process of accident treatment, this paper studies and analyzes the fishing technology of perforating cable and perforating gun.

Catching Technology of Fish Maw Snapper’s: Case Study of theKMN Nur Aqila07Fishing Boat in Kumbe Village, Malind District, Merauke Regency, Papua

The purpose of this study was to determine the fishing technology used by fishermen in Merauke to catch snapper and post-harvest handling of fish maw snapper. This research was conducted in January 2021 in Kumbe Village, Malind District. Data collection was carried out by interviewing fishermen on the fishing boat KMN Nur Aqila07. The results showed that the fishing boat KMN Nur Aqila07 has a weight specification of 30 GT. The main fishing gear is a drift gill net with a length of 50 meters with a width of 2 meters with a mesh size of 7.5 inches. The pulley machine is used to help pull the gill nets when they want to pull fishing gear (hauling). Fish maw of snapper is removed manually using a knife, then cleaned with running water and then dried in the sun to dry. Fish maw is sold dry. The highest price for fish maw is in the weight range of 150 grams which can reach Rp. 22,500,000 per kg, while the lowest price is in the weight range of less than 50 grams, which is Rp. 4,500,000 per kg.

Indigenous Systems of Management for Culturally and Ecologically Resilient Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) Fisheries.

Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are at the center of social–ecological systems that have supported Indigenous peoples around the North Pacific Rim since time immemorial. Through generations of interdependence with salmon, Indigenous Peoples developed sophisticated systems of management involving cultural and spiritual beliefs, and stewardship practices. Colonization radically altered these social–ecological systems, disrupting Indigenous management, consolidating authority within colonial governments, and moving most harvest into mixed-stock fisheries. We review Indigenous management of salmon, including selective fishing technologies, harvest practices, and governance grounded in multigenerational place-based knowledge. These systems and practices showcase pathways for sustained productivity and resilience in contemporary salmon fisheries. Contrasting Indigenous systems with contemporary management, we document vulnerabilities of colonial governance and harvest management that have contributed to declining salmon fisheries in many locations. We suggest that revitalizing traditional systems of salmon management can improve prospects for sustainable fisheries and healthy fishing communities and identify opportunities for their resurgence.

PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC TESTING: Single-cell technologies at the forefront of PGT and embryo research.

While chromosomal mosaicism in the embryo was observed already in the 1990s using both karyotyping and FISH technologies, the full extent of this phenomenon and the overall awareness of the consequences of chromosomal instability on embryo development has only come with the advent of sophisticated single-cell technologies. High-throughput techniques, such as DNA microarrays and massive parallel sequencing, have shifted single-cell genome research from evaluating a few loci at a time to the ability to perform comprehensive screening of all 24 chromosomes. The development of genome-wide single-cell haplotyping methods have also enabled for simultaneous detection of single-gene disorders and aneuploidy using a single universal protocol. Today, three decades later haplotyping-based embryo testing is performed worldwide to reliably detect virtually any Mendelian hereditary disease with a known cause, including autosomal-recessive, autosomal-dominant and X-linked disorders. At the same time, these single-cell assays have also provided unique insight into the complexity of embryo genome dynamics, by elucidating mechanistic origin, nature and developmental fate of embryonic aneuploidy. Understanding the impact of postzygotically acquired genomic aberrations on embryo development is essential to determine the still controversial diagnostic value of aneuploidy screening. For that reason, considerable efforts have been put into linking the genetic constitution of the embryo not only to its morphology and implantation potential, but more importantly to its transcriptome using single-cell RNA sequencing. Collectively, these breakthrough technologies have revolutionized single-cell research and clinical practice in assisted reproduction and led to unique discoveries in early embryogenesis.

Comparison of sustainability level of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) purse seines operated inside and outside FADs areas in the Makassar Strait Waters, South Sulawesi Indonesia

Skipjack tuna is an important fishery commodity in the Makassar Strait waters, exploited by fishermen using various types of fishing gear. The study was conducted in March 2017 to November 2018 with the aim of analyzing the level of sustainability of skipjack fishing technology in the Makassar Strait waters. Data on biological, technical, economic, social, and legal aspects are collected through direct observation and interviews. The sustained level of fishing technologies is analyzed using the scoring method. The results that there are differences between purse seine operated inside and outside FADs areas in terms of the size structure of fish, percentage of eligible size to catch, the impact of technologies on the habitat, diversity, and fishermen, and bycatch. It is not different in terms of the quality of fish caught, the impact on consumers, the value of the investment, the amount of labor, business profits, and the legality. The research concluded that purse seines operated outside the FADs areas have a moderate level of sustainability, and purse seines operated inside the FADs areas have a low level of sustainability.

Utilization of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp with difference color as attractor for fixed lift net as small scale fisheries in Makassar Strait, Indonesia

Use of light for the some types of fisheries has been one of the most advance and successful methods to control fish to capture process. Several fishing technology operated in Indonesia waters, used of light as attractor for catching of the small pelagic fish. A lot of typed of lamps used by the fisherman, like incandescent lamp, florescent lamp, mercury lamp and metal haline lamp. In the development of technology, now the some company, was introduce new lamp typed with environmentally friendly technology called Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp. Research about utilization of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp with different color and color combination of fixed lift net was conducted in Makassar Strait during the May- November 2018 and March – September 2019. The research aimed was to determine the best effectively color of LED can use as attractor for pelagic fish in fixed lift net in Makassar Strait. Experimental fishing was conducted in one unit commercial fixed lift net with bamboo platform size 15 m x 15m in Pangkep regency Makassar Strait. Data were obtained at every fishing operation by examining the catch species, total catch, by-catch and discard species every hauling time. In 2018 there are three color LED namely white, yellow and blue color. Experimental fishing for 30 hauling time for each color of LED in 2018 and 35 time for each LED in 2019 with color combination. Data were collected two time a week during. Fixed lift net did not operated during the full month (one week a month). Total lighting power of 374 W, with 16 total unit LED lamps was setting under the lift net flatform. The result showed that Light Emitting Diode (LED) is effective as attractor in fixed lift net fisheries to utilization of small pelagic species in coastal area. There are 25 species captured of the fixed lift net during the experimental fishing in Makassar. There are five dominant and commercial species, there called main species are Anchovies (Stolephorus sp), Sardine (Sardinella sp), Pony fish (Equulites sp), squids (Loligo sp), and Big eye scad (Selaroides sp). White color and combination of white-blue – yellow color is preference color for small pelagic species.

Utilization of vessel multi aid (VMA) as a smart fishing technology for small scale fisheries

Fishing businesses in Indonesia are generally small-scale fishing fisheries, which is highly dependent on season and weather conditions. In the Palabuhan Ratu, the area of West Java, the capture fisheries mostly operate a fishing boat under 10 GT. Various techniques to increase the success of fishing efforts in Pelabuhan Ratu have been carried out, one of them is by testing the use of vessel multi aid (VMA). The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of fishing aids in increasing the catch of fishermen by using the VMA on several fishing vessels in Pelabuhan Ratu. The experiment was conducted from September to November 2019 on ten payang fishing vessels with a capacity of 2GT - 5 GT, using YUKOM VMA. YUKOM VMA is a fishing aid using radio waves and has features: fishing area information, weather condition information, SOS, which can be used during emergencies and e-logbook for recording catches. The results showed that the average fish catch per trip tended to increase by 58.08% per trip. This suggests that the use of fishing aids technology in the form of VMA in small-scale fishing efforts may be an effective way of increasing the catch.