Fishing Ground Area Research Articles

Trajectory of microplastic particles with 2-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling approach at Pekalongan waters, Central Java, Indonesia.

This research aims to understand the extent of microplastic contamination in Pekalongan waters, Central Java, and its potential impact on fishing grounds, aligning with Indonesia's National Action Plan for Handling Marine Debris 2018-2025. The study employs a 2D hydrodynamics modelling approach with Mike 21 Software to map the spatial distribution of microplastic movement concerning fishing areas during the west and east monsoon seasons. The results showed that microplastic particles follow tidal currents in Pekalongan waters, with their movement influenced by factors such as current, wind, and tidal conditions. The trajectory of microplastics entering fishing ground areas poses potential contamination risk for fish caught by fishermen, threatening the health of marine ecosystems and the stability of their structure and function.

Marine heatwaves redistribute pelagic fishing fleets

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) have measurable impacts on marine ecosystems and reliant fisheries and associated communities. However, how MHWs translate to changes in fishing opportunities and the displacement of fishing fleets remains poorly understood. Using fishing vessel tracking data from the automatic identification system (AIS), we developed vessel distribution models for two pelagic fisheries targeting highly migratory species, the U.S. Atlantic longline and Pacific troll fleets, to understand how MHW properties (intensity, size, and duration) influence core fishing grounds and fleet displacement. For both fleets, MHW size had the largest influence on fishing ground area with northern fishing grounds gaining and southern fishing grounds decreasing in area. However, fleet displacement in response to MHWs varied between coasts, as the Atlantic longline fleet displaced farther in southern regions whereas the most northern and southern regions of the Pacific troll fleet shifted farther. Characterizing fishing fleet responses to these anomalous conditions can help identify regional vulnerabilities under future extreme events and aid in supporting climate‐readiness and resilience in pelagic fisheries.

The resolution of unilateral claims and maritime features by other countries on Indonesia’s sovereign rights in the North Natuna Sea through the PAC to strengthen the maritime fulcrum in Indonesia

Maritime zones in bordering countries often meet and overlap, leading to disputes such as contested areas, overlapping areas, excessive claims, and unilateral claims. Indonesia, as a non-claimant country, faces a unilateral claim dispute affecting its sovereign right in the North Natuna Sea due to China having made unilateral claims to sovereignty and control of the Traditional Fishing Ground area, which contradicts the UNCLOS. This paper presents research on the settlement strategy, using a qualitative method and interpretative research philosophy. The results suggest that Indonesia can take PCA steps to resolve the issue, as it cannot take ICJ or ITLOS steps due to Indonesia’s non-participation in the delimitation dispute but the country affected by unilateral claims from China and the need for agreement between parties. The appropriate step is to seek clarification and a decision from the PCA to resolve this issue. The advantage of opting for the PCA Step is that the absence of the State in the tribunal does not preclude the continuation of arbitral proceedings, allowing for effective and efficient completion without requiring consent from the other party. This research highlights the importance of addressing maritime disputes in the South China Sea.

Chemical characteristics of red swimming crab (Thalamita spinimana) in Dompak Waters, Tanjungpinang City

Red swimming crab (Thalamita spinimana) is one of the fishery commodities caught by fishermen in Senggarang Village, Tanjungpinang City. Dompak Waters is one of the red swimming crab fishing ground for Senggarang fishermen. Utilization of red swimming crab have not used optimally as raw material for food and industry. This study aimed to determine the nutritional composition, fatty acids, amino acids, and heavy metals in red swimming crab. The sample used is fresh red swimming crab meat contained in the carapace and claws. The results showed that the nutritional composition of fresh red swimming crab meat contained 81.13% moister, 15.48% protein, 0.59% fat, 2.14% ash, 0.67% carbohydrate, and 0.53% crude fiber content. The highest amino acid content in red swimming crab is glutamic acid at 16,043.78 mg/kg. Red swimming crab has 0.38% unsaturated fatty acids and 0.20% saturated fatty acids. Heavy metals Hg, Pb, and Sn contained in red swimming crab are still below the based on Indonesian National Standard for heavy metal maximum threshold contained in food. Red swimming crab caught by fishermen in Senggarang Village from Dompak Waters fishing ground area are safe to use as food and nutritious raw materials.

Fishing Ground and Primary Production Analysis Based on DNB SNPP-VIIRS and Aqua-MODIS Imagery in Mentawai Island and Nias Waters

The study of fishing grounds in coastal areas is part of fisheries management activities, especially capture fisheries by coastal fishermen. The absence of GPS, AIS and VMS systems on traditional fishing boats causes difficulties in monitoring the fishing grounds (FG) of coastal fishermen in the waters of Nias Island and Mentawai Islands. The objectives of this study to assess the fishing ground area and analyse its seasonal variability based on fishing light boats (FLB) from the DNB SNPP-VIIRS satellite imagery and the primary productivity condition in FG area from Aqua-MODIS imagery in the Nias Island and Mentawai Islands waters. FG is determined based on the clustering point density method, and statistical correlation analysis. Based on the FLB imagery (2015-2020), peak season fishing operation occurred twice a year in January/February and June/July, while the lowest fishing season occurs in April and October. In general, there are four main locations of fishing grounds in the study area, i.e Sibolga waters, Batu Islands, Mentawai Island and West Sumatra coastal. The FLB can describe the location of FG spatial and temporally, and it was correlated with the bathymetry and chlorophyll-a concentration rather than primary production in the waters of Nias Island and Mentawai Islands. Spatial and temporally distribution the fishing grounds and its density change by seasonal and inter-annual variations. The lowest conditions occurred in 2016 and the highest in 2019 which were each influenced by the nIOD and pIOD phenomena.

Pendugaan Sebaran Klorofil-A dan Suhu Permukaan Air Laut untuk Menentukan Fishing Ground dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Pengindraan Jauh di Perairan Pantai Barat Sulawesi Selatan

Estimation of Chlorophyll-A Distribution and Sea Surface Temperature to Determine Fishing Ground Areas Using Remote Sensing Technology in West Coast Waters of South Sulawesi. The aim of this research is to study the distribution patterns of Chlorophyll-a and Sea Surface Temperature, and their relationship with potential fishing ground areas in the waters. West coast of South Sulawesi by utilizing Remote Sensing technology. The methodology used includes several stages, namely data collection of fashionable oceancolor 8 Day Chlorophyill Concentration and 8 Day Surface Temperature level 3 satellite imagery data with a resolution of 9 km, which is then carried out further processing using mapping software. The implementation of this research took place on May 1, 2015 until June 30 2015. The results of the study showed that in May - June 2015 there was a decrease in sea surface temperature of 1.35°C where the monthly average sea surface temperature ranged from 26.72° - 31.16°C. Sea Surface Temperature was relatively high in the first week of May 2015 compared to the following weeks during May – June. Chlorophyll-a concentration in the study area ranged from 0.06 – 3.34 mg/m³ based on the average. The relatively high concentration of Chlorophyll-a occurred on the second week of June 2015. The most potential Fishing Ground area was in June 2015 with the coordinates of 117° West – 119.5° East with a temperature range ranging from 27.06° – 29.04° C and 0.2 – 0.28 mg/m³ for the range of Chlorophyll-a concentrations.

Quantifying surface water decreasing in Segara Anakan Lagoon

Segara Anakan is the largest mangrove-fringed lagoon on the south coast of Java Island. It is a productive coastal system that provides environmental services for the community in the vicinity of the lagoon, such as fisheries production and tourism. Right now, the lagoon is facing surface water shrinking due to the intensive sedimentation process. The fishing ground area becomes limited; thus, the fisherman should sail further to the sea zone to catch fish. To quantify the lagoon’s surface water decreasing rate, we applied a spatial analysis method. Historical cartographic maps and satellite images of Segara Anakan were digitised using ArcMap. We used a reclassification tool to classify land and water for the satellite image before digitising it. The result showed that the lagoon’s surface water area decreased from 65 km2 in 1942 to 8.5 km2 in 2017. Since the lagoon received freshwater supply from Citanduy River, we applied Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to calculate sediment supply from the watershed. The result showed that from 2005 to 2016, the average sediment supply reached 3 mm/year or equal to 22 million tons/year. The highest sediment supply rate occurred in 2010 at 5.14 mm/year or similar to 43 million tons/year. Linking between integrated coastal zone management with watershed management should be implemented to reduce the rate of sedimentation.

The abundance of alien fish species flowerhorn (Cichlasoma trimaculatum (GÜNTHER, 1867) in its fishing ground area at Lake Mahalona, South Sulawesi

Lake Mahalona is located in Towuti District, South Sulawesi Province. There are 29 species of fish found in Lake Mahalona and most of them are endemic fish. The presence of alien species deliberately or unexpected is one of threats causing the declining of the number of biodiversity in fresh waters. This study aims to determine the relative abundance of alien fish species Flowerhorn in its fishing ground area at Lake Mahalona. The research was conducted from January to June 2021 at six stations. Fish samples were obtained by using gill nets. The total Flowerhorn caught during the study were 15,677, the most caught in January was 3,346 and the least in June was 1,451. The Flowerhorn in January were the most number of fish at Kusapa (735), February and March at Muara (566 and 618), April at Tandumata (593), May and June at Badilla (434 and 375). The highest number and relative abundance of Flowerhorn fish were found at Kusapa in January (735 and 33.23%), while the lowest number and relative abundance of Flowerhorn fish were found at Lengkomali in June (129 and 4.62%). Flowerhorn as a alien fish species is distributed throughout the Lake Mahalona station. Flowerhorn fish occupy a lot of habitats with lots of aquatic plants, sandy and rocky substrates.

Nutritional value and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in nine commercial fish species from Dachen Fishing Ground, East China Sea

The study evaluated the nutritional quality in muscle tissues of nine commercially important marine fish species. And the concentrations of trace metals (i.e. As, Hg, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn) in the muscles (edible part) and tissues (gill and liver) of fishes caught from Dachen fishing ground, the coast of Zhejiang Province, East China Sea, were determined, and the values of target hazard quotient (THQ) and the carcinogenic risk (TR) were calculated for assessing human health risk. Significant differences(P < 0.05) were observed in the proximate chemical composition of fish muscles in these species. The muscle protein content of fish species ranged from 12.36 to 23.41%. The muscle lipid content of fishes ranged from 0.48 to 2.54%. The accumulation capacity of heavy metals (except Cr) in livers and gills was higher than that in muscles. In addition, the accumulation ability of most fishes is related to the water layer they live, the fishes living in the demersal layer showed more accumulation of heavy metals than the middle-upper layer(except Cu). Estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI) and the carcinogenic risk (TR) assessed for potential human health risk implications suggest that the values were within the acceptable threshold for human. However, the carcinogenic risk(TR) of As and Cr was close to the critical limit (10–4). Therefore, in order to ensure the health and safety of human consumption, the continuous monitoring of heavy metals in Dachen fishing ground area is suggested.

Fishing Ground Mapping Model in The Semi-Enclosed Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara

Saleh Bay is a semi-enclosed area of water in Nusa Tenggara Barat Province that is enriched by fisheries resources. The bay’s strategic position, surrounded by several small islands, makes it an area of fertile water. An area of water is considered a potentially ideal fishing ground if it contains several oceanographic phenomena, including thermal fronts and upwelling. Fishing activities in Saleh Bay have been found to be ineffective and inefficient due to local people’s continued use of traditional methods such as fishing by signs of nature (instincts), wind direction, astrological signs and previous experience. This study aimed to create a mapping model of the fishing grounds in Saleh Bay based on remote sensing satellite data. Spatial analysis of daily level 3 images from the Suomi-National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) was conducted throughout January and August 2019. The image acquisition period was adapted based on the seasonal system of Indonesia. The study area was determined based on thermal front events as identified by sea surface temperature (SST) data analysed using statistical regression with a Non-Linear Multi-Channel SST (NLSST) approach. An ideal fishing ground is characterised by several oceanographic settings such as upwelling and thermal front occurrence. The average SST distribution in January 2019 was relatively high, ranging from 30.39 to 33.70 oC, while in August 2019, the temperature declined significantly, ranging from 25.09 to 29.30 oC. Concerning the fishing ground model, a plethora of potential fishing ground areas were identified in August compared to January 2019, at 144 and 42 points respectively. This reflected the density of the fishing grounds observed. The fishing grounds were most likely to be concentrated in the bay mouth during the southwest monsoon and within the bay near the plateau during the northeast monsoon. The seasonal variability of Saleh Bay played a significant role in the spatial extraction of the fishing ground data.

PKM PENERAPAN RUMPON RAMAH LINGKUNGAN BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA

The major problem in fishing production activities faced by fishermen in Wawatu Village is the limited fishing ground area caused by unfriendly-environmentally fishing activities, unorganized spawning and nursery areas so that the availability of fish stocks in their habitats is insufficient for fishermen and traditional fishery businesses. The main focus of this community dedication activity was to further optimize FADs functions as a fishing tool, attracting squid and crabs to gather inside the FADs area. This activity can be one of the solutions to increase fish production during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wawatu Village, North Moramo District, South Konawe Regency. There were two approaches in this activity, namely 1) approach of participatory training to partners, 2) technology applications at the demonstration plot (demplot) location. The result showed that the community was quite enthusiastic in participating in all activities including training and discussion activities as well as the application of environmentally friendly FADs technology, including active participation in material preparation, making of FADs and installing FADs in the water.

Fishing season and participatory mapping of the fishing ground of target fish in Depapre Bay, Jayapura Regency, Papua Indonesia

Fisheries resources, especially small-scale fisheries in the Depapre Bay, Jayapura Regency, which is quite potential, have not been utilized optimally. However, the damage to supporting ecosystems has begun to occur. The aims of this study were to inventory the target fish resources, study the pattern of the fishing season, and determine the fishing ground area in the Depapre Bay in a participatory manner. The method approach used in this study is a semi-structured study to document and evaluate small-scale fisheries management systems in a participatory manner with several data collection techniques, namely with focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and recording and documentation. There are around 14 target fish families in the Depapre Bay that have been identified, which are grouped into pelagic fish and demersal fish. The pelagic fish group of the Scrombidae family has a fishing season of around May-November, namely in the east to the west season with the fishing ground outside the bay, while the demersal fish group generally has a fishing season of around May-February or occurs from the beginning to the end of the western season with the fishing ground in the bay and around Tanjung Tanah Merah, which is caused by the physiographical and oceanographical factors of the Depapre Bay. Considering the above conditions, it is necessary to pay attention to stakeholders, especially the local government. In addition to the community empowerment to improve technology, the limited reach of fishermen should also be taken into consideration. Conservation zoning should be based on the fishing ground areas by paying attention to the existing the Tiaitiki local wisdom system.

Typology of Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) Fisheries at Nizam Zachman Oceanic Fishing Port, Jakarta, Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the aspects of technical, social, and economic typologies of skipjack fisheries at Nizam Zachman oceanic fishing port, Jakarta. This research expected to provide information for decision-making in formulating policies in skipjack fisheries activities, thus they remain sustainable—this research conducted at Nizam Zachman oceanic fishing port, Jakarta from August 2019 to February 2020. The method used in this research is the survey method by interviewing the respondent through questionnaires for 100 respondents. The sampling method was done randomly, and the data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The social typology shows the orientation of Nizam Zachman as an industrial ocean fishing port is for commercial purposes. The main productive age level of fishers ranges from 35-39 years (33%) and the last education is a primary school (46%). Regarding the work experience, 38% had been fisher between 16-20 years. The technical typology shows the fishing gear that operated to catch skipjack at Nizam Zachman are purse seine, longline, also carrier vessel. In general, 74% of the size fleets were in 100-200 GT and the length of trips in 1-2 months (48%). The fishing ground area is in 572, 711 and 712 FMA. The economic typology shows skipjack production/trip by purse seine was 54%, longline (1%) and carrier vessel (57%).

Chart Datum and Bathymetry Correction To Support Managing Coral Grouper In Lepar And Pongok Island Waters, South Bangka Regency

Corrected bathimetry data is highly required to improve the quality of sea floor map, for a range of purposes including coastal environmental monitoring and management. This research was aimed to know chart datum values used for correctting bathymetry data at Bar-cheeked coral trout grouper (Plectropomus maculates) fishing ground in Lepar and Pongok Island waters 02o57’00”S and 106o50’00”E and 02o53’00”S and 107o03’00”E, respectively, South Bangka Regency, Indonesia. The study was carried out from November 2016 to October 2017, tidal data used for 15 days from September 16–30, 2017 using simple random sampling technique with the total of 845 points of measurements. To calculate tyde harmonic constituents values this study employed admiralty method resulting 10 major components. Results of this research indicated that harmonic coefficient values of M2, M2, S2, N2, K1, O1, M4, MS4, K2, and P1, were 0.0345 m, 0.0608 m, 0.0276 m, 0.4262 m, 0.2060 m, 0.0119 m, 0.0082 m, 0.0164 m, and 0.1406 m, respectively. Values of mean sea level, chart datum, and F, were 0.9620 m, 0.0500 m, and 0.0664 m, respectively, with diurnal type (F= 6.64). Correcting bathymetry values of surveyed location results a deviation about 1.2 m in depth. The calculated chart datum as well as corrected bathymetry provides information that can be used as vertical refrerence datum for generating sea floor map for determining the fishing ground area of bar-cheeked coral trout grouper. Fishing depth usually ranges between 4.2 and 40.8 m. Average water depth in the fishing ground ranged from 14.7 to 22.5 m.

Oceanographic Factors in Fishing Ground Location of Anchovy at Teluk Cenderawasih National Park, West Papua : Are These Factors Have an Effect of Whale Sharks Appearance Frequencies?

The appearance frequencies of whale sharks in Teluk Cenderawasih National Park (TCNP) is unique because they appear throughout the year and are not related to any seasons. WWF Indonesia's monitoring results from 2011 untill now showed the appearance of whale sharks is closely related to the presence of fisherman liftnet and anchovies. This study focuses on oceanographic factors in fishing ground areas such as chlorophyll-a and satellite imagery data including chlorophyll-a, Sea surface Temperature (SST) over the last four years resulting in AQUA MODIS level 2 recording with 1km resolution in 2013-2016. The catch of anchovies and chlorophyll-a values showed a fairly good correlation during the west monsoon, 0.305, in addition the relationship between the anchovies with SST has a good correlation value starting in the transition period 1 towards the east monsoon. Based on these data, oceanographic factor conditions in TCNP provide a good opportunity for anchovies that live in warm waters to grow and reproduce. This also influences the appearance of whale sharks closely related to the presence of the anchovies where a positive correlation value is found between the catch of anchovies and whale sharks during the west monsoon and east monsoon in sequence 0,912 and 0.819. Chlorophyll-a and SST have a significant effect on fish catch of anchovies and the appearance frequencies of whale sharks even it were not in all seasons.

The Estuaries Contribution for Supplying Nutrients (N and P) in Jepara Using Numerical Modelling Approach

Coastal water is dynamic area since it is influenced by both ocean and land. It has high primary productivity that determined fishing ground area. Increased supply of nutrients in coastal water is significantly influenced by seasons and the presence of the river estuaries carrying water masses from the mainland. This study focused on the rivers (Serang, Wiso, Grenjengan Mlonggo and Pasokan rivers) contributed nutrients supply spatially and temporally to Jepara water using numerical modeling. The results showed nutrients content of N (Nitrate) and P (Phosphate) from those rivers were 39.19 tons N/month and 2.26 tons P/month in June, 19.94 tons N/month and 1.96 tons P/month in August. From simulation modeling nutrient of N and P showed that the distribution pattern of N and P was larger during the neap tide than the spring tide. Furthermore, compared with the other rivers, Serang river was the highest nutrient supplier to Jepara water.

INTERPOLATION METHODS FOR SEA SURFACE HEIGHT MAPPING FROM ALTIMETRY SATELLITES IN INDONESIAN SEAS

Altimetry satellite data, has a very low spatial resolution for using in determine fishing ground area. With very low spatial resolution is required interpolation method that can mapped Sea Surface Height (SSH) with a good result. SSH data from Global Near Real Time from AVISO, mapped in geographic projection and interpolated with Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Ordinary Krigging method. This interpolation method are expected to know which the good method for mapped SSH data in resulting better information. The results of statistical calculation shows that RMSE value and standar deviations from kriging method is smaller than IDW method.

POLA PEMANFAATAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI PERAIRAN KABUPATEN CIAMIS

Kegiatan perikanan tangkap berupa area fishing ground pada kawasan konservasi perairan di Kabupaten Ciamis dapat menimbulkan konflik multi sektor dalam pengelolaan perikanan. Integrasi zonasi kawasan konservasi dengan daerah fishing ground belum pernah dilakukan karena batas zonasi kawasan konservasi belum diberikan secara definitif, sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pola pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan oleh kegiatan perikanan tangkap pada kawasan konservasi perairan Kabupaten Ciamis dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis spasial. Hasilnya menunjukkan area fishing ground, aturan-aturan mengenai jalur penangkapan pada zonasi yang ada pada kawasan konservasi perairan Kabupaten Ciamis secara spasial. Pola pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan telah sesuai pada zona pemanfaatan dan zona perikanan berkelanjutan, namun masih terdapat alat penangkapan ikan yang belum sesuai dengan mekanisme pemanfaatan berkelanjutan. Kegiatan penangkapan ikan dominan berada pada daerah pantai sehingga perlu dikembangkan dengan mendorong nelayan untuk melakukan kegiatan penangkapan ikan di luar wilayah pantai

Environmental Changes and Fisherman Welfare in Coastal Area of Kendari Bay

The research objective is to assess the changes in coastal area of Kendari Bay and to describe fisherman welfare in Kendari Bay. The study conducted in May-June 2016 in coastal area of Kendari Bay. The research location was determined purposively. Research population included the head of the family of fisherman who lived in coastal area of Kendari Bay for 4,077 households, and 150 families was purposively chosen. The data analyzed using descriptive analysis, income analysis and welfare analysis. Based on research results, coastal area of Kendari Bay environment is threatened by land conversion and high sedimentation which leads to environmental change and implicate the marine and fisheries resources, so the fisherman have to adapt and look for new fishing ground area which may affect their income. Fisherman welfare is specifically affected by fishery resources in coastal area of Kendari Bay.

Comparison of Chlorophyll-a Measurement Using Multi Spatial Imagery and Numerical Model in Bali Strait

One of abundance of nutrient in coastal area is chlorophyll-a, where chlorophyll-a is a driving factor to derive fishing ground location. There's several method has been used to derive chlorophyll-a concentration from insitu data, remote sensing satellite data, and ocean dynamics models, but we are not decide those data for certain area in coastal area and open ocean. In this paper, we will use Aqua-Terra MODIS, Landsat -8 and INDESO Satellite observation dataset to detect chlorophyll-a and also using dynamic modelling produced by INDESO and MyOcean/Marine Copernicus. Using a lot variation of data to understand the differences of spatial resolution and accuracy with observed insitu data. After calculating data comparison with insitu data in bali strait on 2014, we can conclude that Landsat-8 data has the highest r value r=0.41. For model data, comparison between insitu data and MyOcean data has r=0.3. in the other hand, insitu data and INDESO data model has r=0.26. In coastal areas (case 2 water), Landsat-8 data performed to give detail information of chlorophyll-a. Furthermore for open ocean areas (case 1 water), we can use numerical model from MyOcean/Marine Copernicus because it has lower resolution and able to forecast. For those data, it can help non artisanal fisheries to predict chlorophyll-a area in their fishing ground areas