Fishery Waters Research Articles

Improvement of Ecological Environment Management in Fishery Waters

Improvement of Ecological Environment Management in Fishery Waters

Improvement of Ecological Environment Management in Fishery Waters

Improvement of Ecological Environment Management in Fishery Waters

Significant decline of water pollution associated with inland fishery across China

Water pollution seriously threatens the sustainable development of fisheries in China. To inform effective pollution control policies, a comprehensive understanding of the fishery environment status is needed. However, nationwide data on the temporal changes of major pollutants in the fishery waters of China are scarce. This study collected data on the major water pollutants, including total nitrogen, total phosphorus, heavy metals, and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), from 2003 to 2017 to evaluate dynamic changes in the inland fishery water environment across China. We discovered that the levels of four heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) and TPH decreased during the 15-year period, corresponding to the reduced national discharge of pollution sources from 2003 to 2015. However, nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the inland fishery waters showed no significant changes during this period. A comparative analysis of water quality in different periods indicated that these improvements were highly associated with effective measures for water pollution control in China. In addition, the decline in pollution was consistent among the three regions of China (north, west, and southeast) from 2003 to 2017, while southeast China exhibited the weakest pollution mitigation among the three regions. These findings suggest that the inland fishery water quality improved during 2003–2017, but still faced eutrophication risk.

СЕЗОННЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ПРУДОВОЙ ВОДЕ РЫБОВОДЧЕСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ВОРОНЕЖСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The protection of fishery waters from pollution caused by toxicants is one of the urgent problems in the development of fisheries. The article presents the results of studying the dynamics of the content of heavy metals in the pond water of a fish farm in the Voronezh region. A significant decrease in the concentration of iron, copper, zinc, and manganese in the spring-summer period compared with the autumn-winter period was established. The most dramatic changes in the concentration are typical of copper and zinc. It was shown that the content of heavy metals in pond water exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations for fishery water bodies throughout the year, the smallest exceedance was noted in the spring and summer periods. The data obtained indicate the need for regular monitoring and maintenance of the required level of heavy metals in water bodies to ensure the normal physiological state of hydrobionts.

Occurrence and Characteristics of Microplastics Contamination in Different Intensive Aquaculture Systems Nearby the Yangtze Estuary, China

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has been extensively investigated in natural fishery waters, but studies on intensive aquaculture systems are scarce. Here, the occurrence and properties of MPs were investigated and compared between four different aquaculture systems nearby the Yangtze Estuary. The average MPs concentration was in order of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS, 1.67 particles/L) < aquarium (2.47 particles/L) < cement pond (10.09 particles/L) < earthen pond (13.81 particles/L). Compared to fragment MPs, fiber was the more abundant shape in aquarium (85.88%), RAS (77.61%) and earthen pond (68.13%). A total of six colors were found in four systems. The black MPs accounted for 56.86% and 47.45% in aquarium and RAS system, respectively. The high proportion of blue MPs was found in cement pond (37.65%) and earthen pond (40%). The most MPs sizes observed in the four systems were 43% of 50-300μm MPs in aquarium; 44% and 30.19% of 300-1000μm MPs in RAS and cement pond, respectively; and 30.19% of 3000-5000μm MPs in earthen pond. For polymers, polypropylene occupied 47.83% in aquarium and RAS, 41.46% in cement pond and 27.79% in earthen pond. Proportion of rayon was highest in RAS (60.87%) and 34.04% of nylon was found in earthen pond. These results could provide scientific reference for further traceability and removal of MPs in different aquaculture systems.

Effect of cadmium on aminotransferases serum activity in European carp

In many densely populated areas of the Earth, there is an excess amount of heavy metals in soil, air and water, a significant part of which comes from industrial pollution. So it is important to evaluate possible effects of heavy metals in biological models.Aim of this study is to asset toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This research was intended to analyze aminotransferases (ALT, AST) serum activity under the influence of various cadmium concentrations in European carp. Intracellular enzymes activity level elevation in serum is a sign of mass cell destruction and consequently is a sign of pathological process. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1‐experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.05 mg/l cadmium acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2‐experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.5 mg/l cadmium acetate concentration (100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After samplings centrifugation in non‐hemolysed serum samples ALT and AST activities were assessed. Results presented as mean±standard error of the mean. Student's t‐test was used after proving normal distribution. Level of significance is labeled as p&lt;0.05.The study revealed that there were meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (p≤0.05) by 44.22% (30,92±1,42 IU/l) and 15.36% (261,5±8,07 IU/l) accordingly in 1‐experimental group in compare with control group (21.44±0.72 IU/l и 226.68±4.35 IU/l). In case where the cadmium acetate concentration were 100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit were meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (p≤0.01) by 88.82% (38,34±0,19 IU/l) and 71.53% (388,82±14,57IU/l) accordingly in 2‐experimental group in compare with control group.After analyzing the received data there were established meaningful aminotransferases serum activity elevation under the influence of various cadmium concentrations in European carp. This may be due to the activation of gluconeogenesis, which is necessary to maintain an adequate glucose level in conditions of intoxication, which determines the direction of metabolic flows towards the predominance of catabolic reactions. This data is important to be taken into consideration not only during assessing physiological condition in fish, but also to increase understanding of the damage extent in biological models.

PSXIII-18 The effect of lead on alkaline phosphatase serum activity in European carp

Abstract The aim of this research is to assess the toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This study was intended to analyze alkaline phosphatase (AP) serum activity under the influence of various lead concentrations in European carp. AP is involved in the dephosphorylation processes and is an important indicator of liver and skeleton tissue metabolism. When exposed to heavy metals, a change in the activity of this enzyme can be observed. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.06 mg/l lead acetate concentration (upper threshold level than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.6 mg/l lead acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After samplings centrifugation in non-hemolysed serum samples AP activity was assessed. The study revealed the decreasing trend of AP serum activity by 1.08% (21.89±0.24 IU/l) in 1-experimental group in compare with control group (22.13±0.78 IU/l). In case where the lead acetate concentration were 10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit were meaningful decreasing of AP activity (P ≤ 0.05) by 66.23% (17.42±0.63 IU/l) accordingly in 2-experimental group in compare with control group. In conclusion, a statistically significant decrease in the AP activity in fish blood serum was found after acetate concentration 10 times higher than the permissible exposure limit in fishery waters, according to the laws of the Russian Federation. We can suppose that the activity of this enzyme is the reason for the inhibitory effect of lead on liver tissue.

The chemical composition of snow cover in the zone of activity of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex of Vorkuta, as an indicator of the encroachment of the territory

A quantitative chemical analysis of the snow cover on the territory of the Vorkuta agglomeration has been carried out. Calculations of the pollutants intake on the territory near industrial enterprises of Vorkuta have been made. Schematic maps of the distribution of substances in the snow in this area have been constructed. An excess of the maximum permissible concentration for fishery waters (LC) of manganese, nickel, aluminum, vanadium, molybdenum and mercury has been established. The high values of the mercury concentration in snow are presumably caused by the combustion of coal in the Power Plants and its possible sorption on coal and ash particles. It is shown that the zones of the greatest aerogenic impact can be determined by the content of mercury and vanadium in snow. The proportion of elements in the composition of suspended particles is more than 60% of the total content in melt water. The most severe pollution of the snow cover was recorded near Power Plant 2. According to the calculations of the total pollution index, the highest values of the multiplicity of the substances intake above the background level were noted on the territory of the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) of Power Plant 2.

ANALYSIS OF CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYTOPLANKTON AND OXYGEN REGIME IN RIVER MOUTH AREA

In the summer seasons of 2017–2020, Cyanophyta (July – August) and Bacillariophyta (June) prevailed in phytoplankton in the mouth of the Kazanka River (left-hand tributary to Kuibyshevskoe storage reservoir). Cyanobacteria were mostly represented by filamentous forms – Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Ralfs ex Bornet &amp; Flahault and Planktothrix agardhii (Gomont) Anagnostidis &amp; Komárek; diatoms were predominantly centric (Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow, Stephanodiscus sp., Cyclotella sp.). The dissolved oxygen content in the surface water layer did not fall below standard values for fishery waters (MPCf) and varied within 6.2–17.0 mgO2/l. Easily oxidizable organic matter expressed as BOD5 exceeded MPCf 1.4–3.7‑fold. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate and/or strong relationship between the taxonomic composition and abundance of the phytoplankton community on the one hand and oxygen regime parameters in the river’s surface water layer on the other. Water enrichment with oxygen is mainly associated with the development of green algae (Spearman’s coefficient at 0.69, p &lt; 0.05) and diatoms (0.56); organic matter formation in the water – with the development of cyanobacteria (0.69), dinophytes (0.69), and diatoms (0.74). Meteorological (air temperature, precipitation) and temporal (year, month of observations) factors influence the phytoplankton density index, dissolved oxygen content, COD and BOD5 in the mouth of the Kazanka River (according to the Kruskal-Wallis test, p &lt; 0.05).

Illegal unregulated and unreported fishing: Methods and increasing trends in Lake Naivasha, Kenya

AbstractIllegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing is a negative social vice that adversely affects global capture fishery production. The inadequate disclosure of IUU methods and trends in fishery waters hampers management actions to curb illegal fishing activities. Seldom have empirical studies been conducted on IUU methods and their trends in Lake Naivasha. Therefore, this study analysed data on the fisheries monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) during 2012 to 2018 to test for the significance of trends, and compare the enforcement plans to seizures of illegal fishing gear in the lake. The IUU fishing methods included both the types of equipment and the means used to perpetrate illicit capture or acquisition of fish from the lake. The results indicate a 37% reduction of MCS enforcement patrols during 2018 compared to 2012, and a 16% to 100% upsurge in the quantity of seized IUU fishing items. Illegal fishing boats potentially threaten the fishery of Lake Naivasha with an additional fishing effort of 22% above the 176 licensed boats. An average of 10,700 fishing nets seized per year has the potential fishing intensity of 74 gillnets/km2 against an ideal intensity of 12 gillnets/km2. The frequencies of MCS patrols in Lake Naivasha exhibit no particular trends and likely ineffective in deterring the upsurge of IUU activities, or the evolution of new illegal fishing methods. An increased seizure of illegal fishing boats, outboard engines and gillnets could imply their rampant use in IUU fishing activities. These findings merit a multi‐stakeholder participatory approach to identifying the MCS weaknesses and opportunities for sharing resources to strengthen the fishery management efforts in Lake Naivasha.

A Comparative Assessment of River Water Quality in Mountain Regions of Russia and Armenia

The paper highlights results obtained from collation between river water quality in mountain regions of Russia and Armenia employing two different methodological approaches: a method of a complex assessment by hydrochemical parameters by a Specific Combinatorial Water Pollution Index (SCWPI) and the Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI). Assessment was done of water quality of typical, identical in terms of conditions of formation small- and medium-size mountain rivers in Russia (river Terek basin: the Malka, the Baksan, the Cherek) and Armenia (rivers Kura-Araks basin: the Vorotan, the Voghchi, the Pambak). Collation was done between results of a complex assessment of water quality in mountain rivers obtained employing two indices: SCWPI and CCME WQI and two sets of norms: maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) set for fishery waters and ecological norms, and critical water pollution indices (CPI) and the highest excursive indices, defined. As shown, the river water quality classes by both indices coincide when using ecological norms, whereas difference in assessment results obtained through different methods employing common MAC set for fishery waters is primarily determined by more stringent values of MAC set for heavy metals. As an ultimate result, water quality in the studied rivers is characterized as marginal (the 4th class) for the Malka, the Baksan, the Cherek and the Voghchi and fair (the 3rd class) for the Vorotan and the Pambak. Methodological approaches to river water quality and pollution levels to be developed need to focus primarily on application of ecological (regional) norms or background hydrochemical parameters accounting for natural and climatic peculiarities of river watersheds.

THE IRAHAVKA RIVER WATER QUALITY ESTIMATION

The Irshavka River water is constantly exposed to anthropogenic impact. So it's ecological state was monitored. There are wastewater treatment facilities on the river Irshavka banks for the treatment of sewage of centralized water supply and sewerage municipal of the Irshava city. The water of the river is also used by the local population for recreational (fishing, swimming etc.) and agricultural (irrigation of land, livestock watering) purposes.The Irshavka River water quality assessment was carried out during the spring and autumn periods of 2018-2020.Seasonal assessment of river water quality was performed some hydrophysical (transparency, odor, color) and hydrochemical (pH, anions: nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, phosphates, sulfates, chlorides, total iron content, total hardness and permanganate oxidizability) indicators.The results of hydrophysical parameters monitoring of fishery water quality show positive dynamics during the three-year period. None of the determined water indicators (transparency, odor, color) does not exceed the normalized indicators, and their values did not change seasonally during 2018-2020. This fact indicates the minimal anthropogenic impact and natural self-restoration of the water of these rivers. The transparency indicator varies between 32-39 cm, the smell – less than 2, the color equals 10-17 degrees.Monitoring data of the Irshavka River natural water state show that its quality does not change significantly in different phases of the water regime and periods of the year. Normalized indicators that characterize the quality of surface waters do not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations for fishery waters. This indicates the first class and 1-2 category of water quality. Due to the peculiarity of the geological area, exceeding the normalized values several times is observed only for total iron and manganese.Comparison of the concentration of some anions: phosphate ions, nitrate ions, nitrite and ammonium ions in water samples of the studied river showed a negative trend from 2018 to 2020. Their content does not exceed the normalized values, but is much closer to the MPCfw. In 2020, the concentrations of these anions in the sample taken at the point of discharge of treated municipal water (sample №3) were respectively: ammonium ions: 0.48 ± 0.03 mg/dm³; nitrite ions: 0.07 ± 0.02 mg/dm³; nitrate ions: 39.8 ± 0.2 mg/dm³; phosphate ions 2.45 ± 0.2 mg/dm³, which is slightly higher than in 2018: ammonium ions: 0.43 ± 0.01 mg/dm³; nitrite ions: 0.07 ± 0.01 mg/dm³; nitrate ions: 34.8 ± 0.2 mg/dm³; phosphate ions 1.28 ± 0.2 mg/dm³. These hydrochemical parameters have less values in river water samples taken above municipal wastewater treatment plants.The water quality in the Irshavka River matches the regulatory requirements for fishery waters, despite the emergency condition of wastewater treatment facilities. Renovation of the Loza village treatment plants by modernization of the facilities will provide an opportunity to improve the water quality of the Irshavka River and stabilize the ecological state of the region.

PSXI-12 Effect of copper on aminotransferases serum activity in European carp

Abstract The aim of this study is to assess toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This research was intended to analyze aminotransferases (ALT, AST) serum activity under the influence of various copper concentrations in European carp. Intracellular enzymes activity level elevation in serum is a sign of hepatocites toxic destruction and an indicator of profound cell alterations. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.01 mg/l copper acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.1 mg/l copper acetate concentration (100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After samplings centrifugation in non-hemolysed serum samples ALT and AST activities were assessed. The study revealed that there was meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.01) by 19.77% (25.68 ± 0,59 IU/l) and 16.84% (264.85 ± 7.6 IU/l) accordingly in 1-experimental group in comparison with control group (21.44 ± 0.72 IU/l и 226.68 ± 4.35 IU/l). In cases where the copper acetate concentration was 100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit there was meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.01) by 81,62 % (38.94 ± 0.83 IU/l) and 71.81% (389.46 ± 18.7 IU/l) accordingly in 2-experimental group in comparison with control group. After analyzing the received data, there were established meaningful aminotransferases serum activity elevation under the influence of various copper concentrations in European carp. This was possibly due to gluconeogenesis activation in order to support an adequate glucose level in conditions of catabolic process dominance during copper poisoning.

Dynamic regulation of ecological water quality in fishery waters based on factorial analysis

Aiming at the problems of poor water quality regulation and eutrophication caused by traditional methods of water quality regulation in fishery waters, a dynamic regulation method of ecological water quality in fishery waters based on factor analysis was proposed in this paper. This paper evaluates the current situation of the ecological water quality of fishery waters by analyzing the concept of water ecology, water safety, water health, water landscape and water economy. Taking the loach breeding base of H Company in Zhongshan city, Guangdong Province as the object of study, according to the different plants put into the pond, the cultivation pond was divided into reed-snail treatment group, cattle-snail treatment group and snail control group. The purification effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in aquatic pond water was studied by using the purification system composed of aquatic plants and aquatic animals. The experimental results showed that the purification effect of the reed snail treatment group on TN, TP and NH4+-N in the pond water was better than that of the cattail-Snail treatment group, and the purification effect of COD was weaker than that of the cattail-snail treatment group. The purification effect of the two groups on NO2–N was basically the same. The eutrophication degree of water body decreased by 42% after the application of this method, indicating that this method can regulate the ecological water quality of fishery waters. • A dynamic regulation method of ecological water quality of fishery waters based on the analysis of factors is proposed. • Factor analysis method is used to evaluate the current situation of ecological water quality in fishery waters, which can comprehensively regulate and control the ecological water quality in fishery waters. • This paper analyzes the five in one principle, regulation mechanism and regulation mode of fishery water ecosystem, which can purify the water quality of aquaculture pond. • The dynamic regulation mechanism of ecological water quality in fishery waters is of great significance to maintain the healthy, sustainable and stable development of fishery water resources and environment.

Содержание токсикантов в глубоководном и прибрежных районах Чёрного моря у Крымского полуострова в весенне-осенний период 2019 года

Based on the results of 4 surveys conducted in the Black Sea off the Crimean Peninsula in spring, summer and autumn, 2019, an assessment was made of the water and bottom sediments polluted with petroleum components, PAH, organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, heavy metals, arsenic and caesium 137. In the water column of the deep-seafregion and the western coast of the Crimean Peninsula, hydrocarbon concentrations ranged from &lt;0.015 to 0.39 mg/l. Resins and asphaltenes were found in the surface waters of the eastern Crimea only in summer and autumn, and made up 7.3–40 % of the total oil components. The concentrations of petroleum products in the studied sediments varied from &lt;0.02 to 0.96 g/kg of dry weight. The portion of resins and asphaltenes was in the range of 15–30 %. Total concentrations of individual PAHs in the studied waters varied from 7.04 to 96.01 ng/l, in bottom sediments they ranged from 33 to 366 mcg/kg of dry weight. Benzo(a)pyrene, an indicator for PAHs contamination, made up 0.3–3.4 % in water and 0.5–1.1 % in bottom sediments on the amount of total PAHs. No excess of MPC for naphthalene and benzo(a) pyrene was found in the water. MPC for organochlorine pesticides and PCBs set for the fishery waters (MPCf) were also not exceeded. A single case of 2.2 times exceeded MPCf for iron was recorded in the deep-sea region off the cape Ayu-Dag. In all the seasons, in deep-sea of the Black Sea, an excess of MPCf for manganese was detected, which is not associated with anthropogenic pollution, but with the accumulation of manganese in the hydrosulfuric water layer. Higher concentrations of copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel and arsenic were observed in bottom sediments of the deep-sea stretch between Sevastopol Bay and Cape Meganom. As to the bottom sediments of the shelf, the highest concentrations of chromium, mercury, iron and manganese were found in Feodosiysky Bay, Lake Donuzlav and off Cape Sarych.

PSXI-25 The effect of lead on aminotransferases serum activity in European carp

Abstract The aim of this study is to asset toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This research was intended to analyze aminotransferases (ALT, AST) serum activity under the influence of various lead concentrations in European carp. Intracellular enzymes activity level elevation in serum is a sign of mass cell destruction and consequently pathological process. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.06 mg/l lead acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.6 mg/l lead acetate concentration (100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After centrifugation of the samplings in non-hemolysed serum samples ALT and AST activities were assessed by standard methods. The study revealed that there were meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.001) by 43.8% (30.83±1.14 IU/l) and 17.58% (266.52±6.37 IU/l) accordingly in 1-experimental group in compare with control group (21.44±2.17 IU/l and 226.68±4.35 IU/l). In case where the lead acetate concentration were 100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit there were meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.001) by 74.86 % (37.49±2.76 IU/l) and 66.23% (376.82±19.45 IU/l) accordingly in 2-experimental group in compare with control group. After analyzing the received data there were established meaningful aminotransferases serum activity elevation under the influence of various lead concentrations in European carp. This is possibly connected to lipid peroxygenation processes disruption in muscles and liver under the lead toxic influence.

The dynamics of biogenic elements in the ecosystem of Lake Arakhley (Eastern Transbaikal Region)

This study presents the interannual dynamics of biogenic elements (nitrogen and phosphorus) in Lake Arakhley and compares functioning values of the water ecosystem within different types of intra-annual (seasonal) dynamics of the content of biogenic elements and organic matter in low water years and high water years. The research shows tendencies of increasing and decreasing contents of nitrogen and phosphorus. In low water years, organic matter is autochtonous, whereas in high water years its origin is allochtonous. The concentrations of biogenic elements do not exceed the values of maximum permissible concentration in fishery waters which means that eutrophication has not started. It was found that the dynamics of the content of nitrogen and phosphorus is determined by change in abiotic conditions and rate of biochemical and biological processes. The findings provide better understanding how mesotrophic lakes function.

MONITORING INVESTIGATIONS OF SON-KUL LAKE (KYRGYZSTAN) POLLUTED BY PESTICIDES

The results of environmental monitoring of SonKul Lake (Kyrgyzstan), conducted in 2017 and 2018 by representatives of environmental nongovernmental public organizations with the participation of the Kyrgyz Republic state environmental laboratory and international water quality monitoring experts, are presented, which have been used for giving recommendations for organizing the lake monitoring system. The monitoring was aimed at determining the lake ecological status and further specifying the ways of its sustainable management, including its decontamination from hazardous chemical compounds and solid waste accumulated as a result of pesticide pollution and fishing activities, respectively. The monitoring analyzed the content of a wide range of pesticides in the lake surface water samples, bottom sediments, as well as in fish inhabitants. A series of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), i.e. DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other hazardous chemical compounds were found in collected samples. The observed levels of POPs in the bottom sediments and fish samples were within the limited range, while the analysis of water samples showed an exceeding of the maximum permissible concentrations for DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane for fishery waters. The obtained preliminary results show an urgent need to develop a state monitoring program for SonKul Lake and to conduct a continuous monitoring on POPs levels. Представлены результаты экологического мониторинга озера Сон-Куль (Кыргызстан), проведенного в 2017 и в 2018 гг. представителями экологических неправительственных общественных организаций при участии государственной экологической лаборатории и международных экспертов в области мониторинга качества воды, которые позволили дать рекомендации по организации системы мониторинга озера. Мониторинг проводился для определения и экологического статуса озера и дальнейшего определения путей устойчивого управления озером, включая его очистку от загрязнения опасными химическими соединениями и твердыми отходами, накопившимися как следствие применения пестицидов и рыбохозяйственной деятельности, соответственно. В ходе мониторинга анализировалось содержание широкого ряда пестицидов в пробах поверхностных вод озера, донных отложений, а также обитающей в озере рыбы. В пробах обнаружены стойкие органические загрязнители (СОЗ) - ДДТ, изомеры гексахлорциклогексана, полихлорированные бифенилы и другие опасные химические соединения. Содержание СОЗ в донных отложениях и в рыбе находится в пределах нормы, однако анализ проб воды показал превышение ПДК по ДДТ и гексахлорциклогексану для водоемов рыбохозяйственного назначения. Полученные предварительные результаты показали крайнюю необходимость в разработке программы государственного мониторинга для озера Сон-Куль и проведения мониторинга на содержание СОЗ на постоянной основе.

Developing environmentally protective resource-saving technologies of radio-electronic equipment production

The compositions of the initial and spent technological solutions of the radio-electronic equipment production are investigated. Resource-saving technologies are developed and implemented: etching printed circuit boards with copper chloride solutions using countercurrent spent washing solutions and disposing of spent pickling solutions in the production of fungicides based on copper oxychloride; regeneration of halogen-organic solvents. The introduction of these technologies helps to prevent environmental pollution by toxic copper compounds (MPC of copper in fishery waters of 0.01 mg/dm3) and halogen-organic solvents

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PROCEDURES OF RUSSIAN HYGIENIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL NORMATIVE-METHODICAL DOCUMENTS ON THE DEFINITION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE CLASS

Currently in the world there is no universal scientifically based criteria system aimed at assessing the dangers of waste. There are two waste classification systems adopted in Russia: SP 2.1.7.1386-03 on the degree of the impact on the environment and human health wastes are divided into 4 hazard classes; Criteria of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE) of the Russian Federation on the degree of the negative impact of wastes on the environment are divided into 5 classes of danger. In the Russian practice in all areas of toxicology and health care, in justifying the MAC in the fishery waters 4 classes of dangerous substances are used. The least dangerous substances are referred to class 4 of danger, “a little dangerous.” Any chemical substance under certain conditions can have adverse effects on human health and nature. Introduction of hazard class V in Criteria MPR is contrary to the generally accepted concepts and practice of evaluation of substances. Examples of differences in the contents of two documents are given, indicating the intention of the authors of MPR Criteria to reduce the requirements for waste treatment conditions. The MNRE Criteria miss the very concept and method of the evaluation of substances that have carcinogenic properties. The SP 2.1.7.1386-03 in case of the presence in waste of substances with proven carcinogenicity for humans, assigns to the waste component the highest value of the danger index, other indices may not be considered. This approach is not proposed in MNRE Criteria. They completely ignore results of basic research, which showed the lack of the regular toxicity relationship for bioassays and mammals. MNRE criteria cannot be regarded as the only document on the determination of the waste hazard class. It is necessary to create a universal document to determine the hazard class of waste in production and consumption, ensuring safe conditions of human life and protection of the natural environment.