Fisher's F-test Research Articles

Volitional aspects of personality formation in cadets of educational institutions of EMERCOM of Russia

Relevance. Despite a significant number of publications on volitional regulation in cadets of the institutions of higher education of EMERCOM of Russia, development of volitional regulation during training is still insufficiently studied. Conditions of training in higher education institutions of EMERCOM of Russia differ from civil educational institutions, which may determine the features of volitional regulation of behavior in cadets. In this regard, it is of interest to conduct a comparative analysis of the volitional regulation in cadets of different years and identify its features to improve organization of the educational process and professional training of future employees of the EMERCOM of Russia.Intention: To study the features of volitional regulation in cadets of institutions of higher professional education of the EMERCOM of Russia.Methodology. The study involved 100 cadets of the Academy of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia aged 17 to 22 years. The first group (n = 50) included first-year cadets, the second group (n = 50) - third-year cadets. Standardized psychodiagnostic methods were used to study the features of volitional regulation and volitional qualities of cadets. Statistical evaluation of the results was performed using Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's F-test.Results and Discussion. Most cadets in both groups, when implementing one or another intention, tend to perform an action. Meanwhile, third-year cadets are more often guided by their current mental state. We believe this is due to the conditions of training, namely, training in educational institutions of a closed or open type. According to the comparative analysis of selfcontrol indicators, freshmen show a higher level of self-control than cadets of the third year in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior. Self-esteem of volitional qualities tended to decrease by the third year of study, while the general profile of selfesteem of volitional qualities remains similar in both groups, which is probably due to perception of difficulties in the freshmen and their motivation for social approval. In a sample of students from a civilian university, similar trends were revealed. The assessment of the variance of psychodiagnostic indicators among cadets showed their greater homogeneity among 1st year cadets than among 3rd year cadets, which is possibly due to changes in education conditions, decreased external control over students, and other reasons.Conclusion. Indicators of volitional regulation in cadets of different years differed. Recommendations are suggested for psychologists providing support for the educational process. The ways of further research are outlined to study the structure of personality volitional qualities and relationship between self-control, volitional regulation and meaning-in-life orientations.

THE SAFETY AND SECURITY OF THE TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP POTENTIAL REALIZATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The purpose of the paper is to determine the relationship between different types of tourism safety and security, and components of the tourism entrepreneurship potential, to conduct a quantitative analysis of these indicators in the regions of Ukraine and to identify areas for ensuring the safety and security of the tourism entrepreneurship potential realization. Methodology. Analysis of tourism safety and security in Ukraine is based on the assessment of security potential indicator and the security threats indicator for 25 regions. These indicators take into account the following types of safety and security: security of tourist services, safety of tourist facilities and equipment, social security, political security, financial security, medical safety, information security, and ecological security. The impact of tourism safety and security on the tourism entrepreneurship potential realization is determined on the basis of correlation and regression analysis, where the indicator of the tourism entrepreneurship potential realization is the volume of domestic and inbound tourist flows in the region. The empirical basis of the study is the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2019. The reliability of the regression model was tested on the basis of the approximation coefficient and Fisher's F-test. Results of the correlation analysis indicate a significant relationship between ensuring the safety and security of tourism in the region and the volume of domestic and inbound tourist flows. As a result of regression analysis, a model of a high level of reliability was obtained, which indicates how the volume of domestic and inbound tourist flows to the region increases with increasing the level of tourist safety and security by unit. Practical implications. Since the process of safety and security ensuring for the tourism entrepreneurship potential realization cannot be implemented exclusively at the regional level, it is justified the feasibility of a targeted public policy in eight areas. Value/originality. The identified relationship between the types of safety and security of tourism and components of the tourism entrepreneurship potential, as well as establishing the level of impact of safety and security of tourism on the tourism entrepreneurship potential realization in the region provide for a better understanding of ways for efficient governance in this area.

Strategies for students’ lean competencies formation in the educational process of the university

The article examines efficiency of various strategies for students’ lean competencies formation in the educational process of the university. The relevance of the issue is justified by the fact that university graduates with developed lean competencies are in high demand on the job market. In the present article lean competencies are formally described requirements for personal, professional and other skills and qualities of students, action plans, methods and algorithms of actions related to lean production in a specific area. The solution to the problem indicated is carried out via analysing results of the pedagogical experiment. During the experiment the effectiveness of four strategies of students’ lean competencies formation was tested: formal education, practical training, hidden curriculum, mixed strategy. 208 3rd and 4th year students mastering undergraduate programs in "Economics (Accounting, Analysis and Audit), Economics (Finance and Business Analytics)", "Management (Production Management)", "State and Municipal Administration (Regional and Municipal Administration) were surveyed during the experiment." The study identified the following components of lean competencies: 1) knowledge and understanding; 2) skill; 3) implementation. These components correspond to the first three levels of lean competencies according to international classification, namely fundamental lean competencies: knowledge and understanding-level of awareness (1A); skill-level of diagnostics and analysis (1B); implementation-level of improvement and implementation (1C). Diagnostic tools included testing, expert evaluation of case solutions, and lean projects development. Statistical data processing was carried out on the basis of a Fisher F-test variance analysis for three or more independent groups using Statistica 10 and SPSS 20 software.

Analysis of coping strategies of adolescents with delinquent behavior as a factor of improving psychological and educational support for students

Introduction. The authors investigate the problem of improving psychological and educational support for adolescents with delinquent behavior. The purpose of the article is to analyze coping strategies of adolescents with delinquent behavior as a factor of improving psychological and educational support for students. Materials and Methods. The theoretical framework of the research includes the following methodological approaches: systemic, person-centered, activity-based and subjective. The research methodology consists of a theoretical analysis of psychological, educational and sociological literature; an ascertaining experiment, testing, a questionnaire, an analysis of psychological, medical and educational documents; qualitative and quantitative analyses involving mathematical and statistical data processing (Fisher's F-test). Results. The authors have developed and described criteria for the analysis of adolescents' coping strategies. The study reveals statistically significant differences between manifestations of stress factors, resources, coping strategies of adolescents with delinquent behavior and adolescents with socially acceptable behavior. It was found that coping strategies of delinquent adolescents, along with negative characteristics, have a resource potential, which is considered as a guideline for implementing preventive and remedial psychological and educational interventions. It was found that adolescents with delinquent behavior are more likely to use adaptive or relatively adaptive cognitive and emotional coping strategies when dealing with stressful situations (setting personal value, maintaining self-control, optimism). Behavioral coping strategies in most cases are non-adaptive (compensation, retreat, distraction). The authors have identified the factors, which, if taken into account, contribute to increasing the efficiency of psychological and educational support for students based on the analysis of their coping strategies. Conclusions. The article concludes that psychological and educational support for adolescents with delinquent behavior can be improved if peculiarities of their coping strategies are taken into account.

Spectro-chemometric determination of panthenol enantiomeric excess in pharmaceutical products

Abstract Antibiotic, soothing and healing properties of panthenol are exploited in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Only D-panthenol is biologically active while its L-form might counteract the biological effectiveness of the D-enantiomer. Hydrating and moisturizing effects are exhibited by both enantiomers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rapid and cheap method for the determination of panthenol enantiomeric excess in pharmaceutical preparations. In this study, b-cyclodextrin was used as a chiral selector for the recognition of panthenol enantiomers. Inclusion complexes formed by b-cyclodextrin and the analyte showed small differences in NIR and UV/VIS spectra compared by chemometric assessment. Based on the figure of merit and model characteristics, PLS calibration model in the selected range of NIR spectra is preferred. UV/VIS spectrometry has the disadvantage of complicated sample preparation compared to NIR spectrometry. Results reached by both proposed methods were in good agreement. Statistical investigation of the results (by Student t-test and Fisher F-test) confirmed that the proposed methods are comparable and applicable to chiral analysis of panthenol pharmaceutical preparations.

Adhesion properties of DBD plasma treated nylon 66 fabric- Optimisation of plasma process parameters

Optimisation of DBD plasma process parameters for maximising the adhesion between nylon 66 and PU using Design-Expert 10.0. is reported in this paper. Out of various available designs, the Box-Beheken design (BBD) was adopted for optimisation of plasma process parameters and to evaluate the effect of their interactions on wicking, peel off strength and He intensity. Plasma process parameters such as power used for plasma generation, exposure time and distance between the electrodes were selected for optimisation. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the quality of statistical model fit. Fisher's F-test, the coefficient of determination and probability values were used to evaluate the quality and model terms. It was observed that plasma power and treatment time are the significant terms affecting the adhesion properties of the plasma treated nylon 66 fabric. Chemical species generated in the plasma zone were monitored online by an optical emission spectrometer (OES). Change in surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chemical changes on the surface of the plasma treated samples were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the generation of hydrophilic reactive groups is reported.

Using response surface methodology (RSM) for optimizing turbidity removal by electrocoagulation/electro-flotation in an internal loop airlift reactor

Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize the electrocoagulation/electro-flotation process applied for the removal of turbidity from surface water in an internal loop airlift reactor. Two flat aluminium electrodes are used in monopolar arrangement for the production of coagulants. The central composite design is used as a second-order mathematical model. The model describes the change of the measured responses of turbidity removal efficiency and energy consumption according to the initial conductivity (X1), applied voltage (X2), treatment time (X3) and inter-electrode distance (X4). The evaluation of the model fit quality is done by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Fisher's F-test is used to provide information about the linear, interaction and quadratic effects of factors. Multicriteria methodology, mainly the desirability function (D), is used to determine optimal conditions. The results show that, for a maximal desirability function D = 0.79, optimal conditions estimated are X1 = 1,487 μS/cm, X2 = 5 V, X3 = 6.5 min, X4 = 14 mm. The corresponding turbidity removal rate and energy consumption are 84.15% and 0.215 kWh/m3 respectively. A confirmation study is then carried out at laboratory scale using the optimal conditions estimated. The results show a turbidity removal rate of 72.05% and an energy consumption of 0.210 kWh/m3.

Developing Creative Abilities of Future Musical Art Teachers by Means of Choreography: An Experimental Study

The article contains the approaches of modern scholars to the definition of “creativity” and “creative abilities”. The experimental work method is determined and described with the introduction to methods of development of creative abilities. The pedagogical interpretation of the quantitative measurement of the experimental study results for developing the creative abilities of students in the experimental and control groups using the Student's t-test and Fisher's F-test is given. The authors discuss that creativity is developed on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach (integration of music methods and choreographic training), has an effective influence on the quality of the professional training of the future teacher of musical art.

Postbreast Cancer Surgery Outpatient Rehabilitation Program

Context: Approximately 600,000 new cases of cancer are estimated to occur in Brazil over the 2-year period of 2018–2019, and the world economic impact of cancer was $895 billion dollars in 2008. Aims: To perform an analysis contemplating the clinical profile, impact, and direct medical costs of an outpatient rehabilitation program for patients who have undergone breast cancer surgery. Settings and Design: A partial economic analysis was performed from the perspective of a Brazilian public hospital. Subjects and Methods: An observational study was conducted using data from a retrospective cohort of patients who had undergone breast cancer surgery. These patients had their first rehabilitation appointment between August 2015 and July 2016. Statistical Analysis Used: Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, Fisher's F-test analysis of variance, or the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. Post hoc tests were conducted to check for differences between the pairs of categories. The nonparametric Kolmogorov–Smirnov test evaluated the data normality. All hypothesis testing used a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 132 patients underwent the referred rehabilitation program. The goal of total rehabilitation was achieved in approximately 70% of cases. There was improvement in patients' quality of life in most Short-Form Health Survey-36 dimensions. The program's direct cost had an overall median per patient of R$ 7235.32. Conclusions: The study found good results in the indicators of clinical outcome and quality of life. The costs were reported from a partial evaluation point of view and may contribute to future full evaluations.

FORECASTING THE DYNAMICS OF CURRENT LOGISTICS MATERIAL COSTS OF AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE

FORECASTING THE DYNAMICS OF CURRENT LOGISTICS MATERIAL COSTS OF AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE

Determinants of Employee Motivation in Slovakia, Lithuania and the Czech Republic 10 years after Joining the European Union

Slovakia’s, Lithuania‘s and Czech’s entry into the European Union resulted in their labour market integration in Europe. Factors influencing job satisfaction or employee motivation are identical on the markets of new members of the EU. Satisfaction at work is one of the most rigorous determinants of employee motivation. Sampling unit consisted of 2,369 respondents from Slovakia, 270 respondents from the Czech Republic and 183 respondents from Lithuania. Sampling units were tested using one-way analysis of variance, Fisher F-test. We find out that motivation needs of individual countries are not identical despite 10 years of EU membership. There are significant differences in motivation needs of employees in individual countries. The most exacting needs are those of the respondents in Lithuania and the less exacting ones are those of the respondents in Slovakia. Variety in opinions is also fundamentally different in individual countries. The highest variety is in Slovakia and the lowest one in Lithuania. Atmosphere in the workplace, supervisor’s approach, basic salary, good work team, job security, fair appraisal system are the most important motivation factors in all studied countries. However, the order of importance varies in individual countries. Defining the level of satisfaction in individual countries is the result of the research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.29.5.13953

Assessment of the mammary glands in polycystic ovary syndrome during high level of exposure to manganese and nickel

Introduction. The authors of previous studies have found a high level of exposure to manganese and nickel in women with polycystic ovary (PCOS).Objective — to study the condition of mammary glands (MG) in women with PCOS and determine values of estradiol, prolactin (PRL) and Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). To estimate possible consequences of increased exposure to manganese and nickel to the formation of MG pathology during PCOS.Material and methods. Studies were conducted in two groups of women. The first control group consisted of healthy women of reproductive age. The second group consisted of women with PCOS. The women with thyroid disease, diabetes, prolactinomas and other endocrine diseases were excluded from the study. The examination of MG was performed using ultrasound scanners. The number of cases of various forms of mastopathy was monitored. Determination of estradiol, PRL and SHBG in serum was carried out using immunoassay methods. All studies were performed with the consent of the patient and with compliance with ethical standards. Statistical processing was carried out with the definition of arithmetic mean, median. The validity of the obtained results was evaluated using following indicators: Chi-square, Shapiro-Wilka test, Fisher's F-test, Mann-Whitney’s U-test.Results. Ultrasound examination of MG was performed for 108 women in the control group and for 97 women with PCOS. In the control group, the pathology of MG was detected in 29 women (26.85%). In the second group, the pathology of MG was detected in 67 cases (69.7%; p<0.0001). In women with PCOS, the median PRL score was higher by 44.83% (p = 0.0179) compared to control. Level of estradiol did not differ in both groups (p = 0.9616). In the group of women with PCOS, the SHBG indices were slightly lower compared to controls, but differences did not find statistical confirmation (p = 0.2756).Conclusions. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome more than 2 times more often there are benign mammary gland diseases. We did not find differences in the rates of estradiol and SHBG. Exposure to manganese can lead to an increase in prolactin levels. This can stimulate the proliferative processes of MG in the absence of ovulation in women with PCOS.

Analysis of Formalized Methods for Forecasting the Volume of Electricity Consumption

We consider the construction of basic formalized forecasting methods. The methods are widely applied in the world markets of electric power industry. The models are tested on the actual hourly data of the United energy system of the Wholesale Electricity and Capacity Market of Russia. Each model is tested for adequacy by means of Fisher's F-test, t-statistics, mean error of approximation and determination coefficient. We construct a correlogram in order to prove a cyclicity of the time series of electricity consumption, where periods are 1 week and 1 year. An autoregression of the 7th order, that is, with cyclicity in a week, shows the highest efficiency among the examined models. A multifactorial linear regression, taking into account 3 external factors (market rate per day forward; average daily ambient temperature; qualitative factor of working and non-working days), has the least efficiency. The proposed methods are recommended for the operations of subjects of electric power industry to forecast the main parameters of energy market in order to reduce the penalties by improving the forecast accuracy.

The Quality of Seniors' Life in Their Natural Environment

The aim of the research study is to investigate the quality of life of seniors at home andtheir satisfaction in the domains of physical health, survival, social relations and the environmentitself.Design studio. We conducted the study on a sample of 80 respondents / seniors living at home inVranov nad Topľou. For processing the obtained data, we used the following statistical methods -the Fisher's F-test and Student's t-test. For detecting the data from respondents we chose ananonymous standardized questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality ofLife - BREF), which is a shortened version of the WHOQOL-100. As completion of this study is theimplementation of mechanisms supporting the quality of life of seniors in a natural environmentwith an emphasis on preventive measures of social policy to maintain a reasonable quality of life

Sustainability of the constructed wetland based on the characteristics in effluent

The constructed wetland (CW) in the settlement of Glozan is the first system of its kind for wastewater treatment constructed in Vojvodina (Serbia), aimed at treating local municipal wastewater. The common reed Phragmites australis , naturally growing at the CW location, was used as biofiltering vegetation. The monitoring effectiveness of the CW was based on removing suspended solids and reducing the amount of organic matter. The eight-year long study shows that the age of the constructed wetland does not significantly affect the changes (increase) in concentration of suspended particles and organic compounds from the wastewater effluent. We proved that measured values of variables, suspended solids, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) of effluent belong to the same population. The chronological data series of suspended solids and BOD 5 of effluent were processed using statistical tests of homogeneity, both parametric (Student's t-test with Fisher's F-test) and nonparametric (Mann-Whitney's U-test). The results of testing homogeneity of the data confirm that the constructed wetland has not been compromised, and that the removal of suspended solids is 93-96% and reduction of organic compounds, expressed in terms of BOD 5 , is up to 79-84%.

Sequence-based prediction of transcription upregulation by auxin in plants.

Auxin is one of the main regulators of growth and development in plants. Prediction of auxin response based on gene sequence is of high importance. We found the TGTCNC consensus of 111 known natural and artificially mutated auxin response elements (AuxREs) with measured auxin-caused relative increase in genes' transcription levels, so-called either "a response to auxin" or "an auxin response." This consensus was identical to the most cited AuxRE motif. Also, we found several DNA sequence features that correlate with auxin-caused increase in genes' transcription levels, namely: number of matches with TGTCNC, homology score based on nucleotide frequencies at the consensus positions, abundances of five trinucleotides and five B-helical DNA features around these known AuxREs. We combined these correlations using a four-step empirical model of auxin response based on a gene's sequence with four steps, namely: (1) search for AuxREs with no auxin; (2) stop at the found AuxRE; (3) repression of the basal transcription of the gene having this AuxRE; and (4) manifold increase of this gene's transcription in response to auxin. Independently measured increases in transcription levels in response to auxin for 70 Arabidopsis genes were found to significantly correlate with predictions of this equation (r = 0.44, p < 0.001) as well as with TATA-binding protein (TBP)'s affinity to promoters of these genes and with nucleosome packing of these promoters (both, p < 0.025). Finally, we improved our equation for prediction of a gene's transcription increase in response to auxin by taking into account TBP-binding and nucleosome packing (r = 0.53, p < 10(-6)). Fisher's F-test validated the significant impact of both TBP/promoter-affinity and promoter nucleosome on auxin response in addition to those of AuxRE, F = 4.07, p < 0.025. It means that both TATA-box and nucleosome should be taken into account to recognize transcription factor binding sites upon DNA sequences: in the case of the TATA-less nucleosome-rich promoters, recognition scores must be higher than in the case of the TATA-containing nucleosome-free promoters at the same transcription activity.

Response surface methodology for the optimization of lanthanum removal from an aqueous solution using a Fe3O4/chitosan nanocomposite

In the present work, magnetite nanoparticles/chitosan composites (Fe3O4/CS) were prepared by a chemical precipitation method. We demonstrated the efficient removal of a rare earth metal, lanthanum (La3+), from an aqueous solution using the composite. The removal of La3+ was optimized by using response surface methodology. Analysis of variance and Fisher's F-test were used to determine the reaction parameters which affect the removal of La3+. Optimal conditions, including adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, and contact time for the removal of La3+, were found to be 6.5 mg, pH 11, 40 °C, and 50 min, respectively. The adsorption capacity was 99.88%. The rate of La3+ adsorption was significantly affected by the solution pH and adsorbent amount. An adsorption isotherm was fitted well by the Freundlich model with a linear regression correlation value of 0.9975. The adsorption of La3+ using the composite followed pseudo second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic studies have revealed that the negative values of Gibbs free energy confirmed the spontaneous and feasible nature of adsorption.

Fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool for determination of coumarins by multivariate calibration.

At present, it is necessary to check the quality of many food products in which the content of coumarins is limited. Since a rapid and simple method for the determination of coumarin (COU), 4-hydroxycoumarin (4HC) and dicoumarol (DC) in tea samples was needed, we developed an alternative option to chromatography, i.e., fluorescence spectroscopy with multivariate calibration. The synchronous fluorescence spectra were recorded at constant wavelength differences 70, 80 and 90 nm from 200 to 400 nm. The different experimental parameters affecting the synchronous fluorescence intensities of the analytes were carefully studied and optimized. Partial least squares (PLS) method and multi linear regression (MLR) were compared on determining the concentrations. The best results were obtained by the PLS method on synchronous fluorescence spectra at Δλ = 90 nm. The results from the analysis of herbal tea Melilotus officinalis by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy with PLS model are equivalent with the results from HPLC. Fisher F-test and Student's t-test confirmed this finding.

A new mathematical model to quantify and characterize the response to pro- and anti-oxidants of the copper-induced oxidation of LDL assay. A tool for examination of potential preventive compounds and clinical risk prediction

The copper-induced oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles represents a particularly suitable method for studying, both in vitro and in vivo, the effects of a number of alimentary, environmental and lifestyle factors on the mechanism of a biochemical process involved in many oxidative stress-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, which affects around 50% of the occidental people. The available data about the role of pro- and anti-oxidants in LDL dynamics are abundant, but often, only semi-quantitative conclusions can be achieved. The lack of detailed algebraic models, the concomitant difficulties for assessing the statistical consistence of the results and designing definite experiments, and a certain shortage in characterizing criteria are some of the causes hindering the advances in a field which is per se very complex. The approach we propose describes, in an algebraically explicit way, the complete and generally biphasic time-course of the diene formation – as well as the peroxide profile – in LDL particles, including the separate or joint effects of any series of pro- and anti-oxidant concentrations. The model was tested using experimental results from other authors under different conditions, and very accurate and statistically consistent fittings were obtained in all the cases. Results, which enabled rigorous and detailed comparisons between LDL responses to oxidation modifiers, suggest an alternative criteria for the prediction of risks of occurrence of stress diseases. Thus, the basis of more complex multivariable models is provided. In all experimental data used, the calculated parameters were always statistically significant (Student's t-test, α=0.05), the equations were consistent (Fisher's F-test) and the goodness of fit coefficient of determination was higher than 0.99.

Dose-to-water conversion for the backscatter-shielded EPID: a frame-based method to correct for EPID energy response to MLC transmitted radiation.

To develop a frame-by-frame correction for the energy response of amorphous silicon electronic portal imaging devices (a-Si EPIDs) to radiation that has transmitted through the multileaf collimator (MLC) and to integrate this correction into the backscatter shielded EPID (BSS-EPID) dose-to-water conversion model. Individual EPID frames were acquired using a Varian frame grabber and iTools acquisition software then processed using in-house software developed inMATLAB. For each EPID image frame, the region below the MLC leaves was identified and all pixels in this region were multiplied by a factor of 1.3 to correct for the under-response of the imager to MLC transmitted radiation. The corrected frames were then summed to form a corrected integrated EPID image. This correction was implemented as an initial step in the BSS-EPID dose-to-water conversion model which was then used to compute dose planes in a water phantom for 35 IMRT fields. The calculated dose planes, with and without the proposed MLC transmission correction, were compared to measurements in solid water using a two-dimensional diode array. It was observed that the integration of the MLC transmission correction into the BSS-EPID dose model improved agreement between modeled and measured dose planes. In particular, the MLC correction produced higher pass rates for almost all Head and Neck fields tested, yielding an average pass rate of 99.8% for 2%/2 mm criteria. A two-sample independent t-test and fisher F-test were used to show that the MLC transmission correction resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the mean and the standard deviation of the gamma values, respectively, to give a more accurate and consistent dose-to-water conversion. The frame-by-frame MLC transmission response correction was shown to improve the accuracy and reduce the variability of the BSS-EPID dose-to-water conversion model. The correction may be applied as a preprocessing step in any pretreatment portal dosimetry calculation and has been shown to be beneficial for highly modulated IMRT fields.