Fishery Inspection Research Articles

Fisheries Inspection in Portuguese Waters from 2015 to 2023

As a coastal state, Portugal must ensure active surveillance over its maritime area, ensuring its proper control and inspection. One of the most critical inspection activities is the fishery inspection. To protect biodiversity, we must ensure that all the ships comply with the existing safety regulations and respect the current fishing quotas. This georeferenced dataset describes the fisheries inspections done in Portuguese waters between 2015 and 2023. Since we are dealing with occurrences that may have originated some legal process to the ship’s owner, we have ensured data anonymization by pre-processing the dataset to maintain its accuracy while guaranteeing no unique identifiers exist. All the pre-processing performed to ensure data consistency and accuracy is described in detail to allow a quick analysis and implementation of new algorithms. The data containing the results of these inspections can be easily analyzed to implement data mining algorithms that can efficiently retrieve more knowledge and, e.g., suggest new areas of actuation or new strategies.

Finite Element Based Analysis of Steering Construction System of ORCA Class Fisheries Inspection Ship

The fisheries inspection class is the ship which featured with high maneuver and speed. The rudder construction system must be strong enough to withstand the external pressure due to the maneuver of the ship. Therefore, material selection must be proper. Before selecting the material, the external pressure of steering construction must be examined and performs the Finite Element (FE) analysis. In this paper, the variable for FE analysis was focused on the slope of the rudder. It consisted of 0o, 10o, 20o, and 35o. The slope analysis was performed numerically by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. Then, the external pressure can be generated based on the CFD analysis results, which can be used as an input force in Finite Element analysis. Finally, the results were distinguished from the von-Mises stress, deflection, and safety factor. Each component of the steering construction system was examined in which the component consisted of the rudder, rudder stock, flange, bolts, and nuts. It was found that the flange component had a more significant value of stress and a smaller value of safety factor.

СОСТОЯНИЕ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ СУДАКА НИЖНЕГО ТЕЧЕНИЯ РЕКИ УРАЛ

In domestic and foreign markets a great demand for pike perch is caused by the fact that its meat is a digestible and dietetic product. Due to growing scales of exploration and production of oil, as well as of poaching in the last years pikeperch and other species suffer from anthropogenic load. In 1990 spike perch catches reached 4.49.000 tons and made 1/3 of total catch of semi anadromous and river fish. During the last decade pike perch catches have decreased in the Ural-Caspian region up to 380 t, according to data of 2016. The study of pike perch populations on fishing zones of the Ural (delta, Malaya Dambinskaya fishing ground) covered the data obtained in 2010-2016. There have been studied migrating periods of pike perch to the spawning grounds. Since 2011 there has been stated a drastic decrease of sire number and a much less catch of pike perch per one casting in autumn, which was caused by the permission for fishing in the coastal part of the Caspian Sea. According to the research data, there have been given size-weight parameters of pike-perch producers in the Ural river during 10 years (2006-2016). The tendency to juvenation of spawning pike perch species is stated due to increasing share of the first spawning species, as well as due to decreasing number of male species in the catches as their age increased. Fultin and Clark’s condition coefficients are shown. Importance of pike perch as a commercial species in the ecosystem of the Ural-Caspian fishery zone contributes to define the following recommendations on saving and restoring pike perch population: to reduce commercial catches in the estuarine area of the Ural; to forbid commercial fishing in the coastal area of the north-east part of the Caspian Sea; to intensify fishery inspection in the Urals.

Community structure of macroinvertebrates in northern Hangzhou Bay

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 杭州湾北部大型无脊椎动物群落结构 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 上海市水产研究所 渔业检验监测中心, 上海 200433 作者简介: 王淼(1983-),男,工程师,硕士研究生,研究方向为渔业资源生态学.E-mail:wang.m_520@163.com 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S931 基金项目: 上海市农委直属事业单位2016年度预算专项资金（JC201601）；全国海洋捕捞渔具管理制度完善项目. Community structure of macroinvertebrates in northern Hangzhou Bay Author: Affiliation: Fishery Inspection Monitoring Center, Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为研究杭州湾北部海域大型无脊椎动物群落结构及其变化，根据2016年2月、5月、8月和11月于杭州湾北部进行的桁杆拖网调查数据，利用相对重要性指数、多元统计和ABC曲线等方法对该海域大型无脊椎动物的种类组成、优势种及群落结构特征进行研究。结果显示，杭州湾北部共出现大型无脊椎动物22种，隶属4纲5目15科18属，十足目（Decapoda）所占种类数比例最高，达77.3%，其次为狭舌目（Stenoglossa），占比仅为9.1%。调查海域共出现5种优势种，分别是葛氏长臂虾（Exopalaemon annandalei）、黑龙江河篮蛤（）。其中，安氏白虾为四季优势种，葛氏长臂虾为冬季、春季和秋季优势种。CLUSTER聚类和非度量多维标度显示，杭州湾北部大型无脊椎动物群落在44%相似性水平下可分为2个群组，Ⅰ组为冬春组，Ⅱ组为夏秋组，组间差异系数达到57.76%。ANOSIM显示群组间差异极显著（<0.01）。BIOENV表明，杭州湾北部大型无脊椎动物群落结构与温、盐度组合的相关性最高，相关系数为0.39。研究表明，杭州湾北部大型无脊椎动物群落结构较为简单，优势种以小型虾类为主，群落结构的季节变化显著。群落的演替可能受温度、盐度变化及优势种的洄游习性影响，群落处于严重扰动状态。 Abstract:Hangzhou Bay, which is located in northeastern Zhejiang Province, is a typical subtropical estuary. Because of the bay's rich food resources, many fish, shrimp, and crab species migrate from deep sea waters to Hangzhou Bay for spawning and feeding. However, recent coastal pollution and overfishing have seriously damaged the bay's marine environment and fishery resources. Some commercial species, such as , have declined or disappeared, which may contribute to the collapse of the marine ecosystem. Macroinvertebrates are one of the most important groups of marine organisms in estuaries and play an important role in estuary food chains. Therefore, the current macroinvertebrate community structure and condition of the marine environment in Hangzhou Bay must be studied in order to provide scientific information for the ecological remediation efforts in Hangzhou Bay. The macroinvertebrate community structure of northern Hangzhou Bay was characterized, based on a field investigation of fishery resources in February, May, August, and November of 2016. The investigation focused on species composition, seasonal variation in macroinvertebrate community structure, and the relationship between the community and environmental factors. Macroinvertebrates were captured at 12 sampling stations using a beam trawl of 20 m in length and 4 m in width. The beam length was 6 m, and the opening height of the net was 2 m, with the smallest net mesh of 25 mm. Trawling was performed at 1.5-4.4 knots for 15-63 min at each station, and water temperature, salinity, and depth were recorded at the same time. Index of relative importance, cluster analysis, and multivariate statistics were used to analyze species composition, dominant species, and community structure characteristics. A total of 22 species (18 genera, 15 families, 5 orders, and 4 classes) were captured during the study. Decapoda dominated, accounting for 77.3% of the total species number, followed by Stenoglossa, which only accounted for 9.1%. Five dominant species were identified (Potamocorbula amurensis, and was a dominant species during all seasons, whereas was a dominant species during winter, spring, and autumn. CLUSTER analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) indicated that the macroinvertebrate community of northern Hangzhou Bay could be clustered into two groups at 44% Bray-Curtis similarity level. Group I was classified as the winter/spring assemblage, whereas group Ⅱ was classified as the summer/autumn assemblage. Group I consisted of 19 stations in February and May, and Group Ⅱ consisted of 21 stations in August and November. The dissimilarity between Group I and Ⅱ was as high as 57.76%, and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) indicated that community structure of the two groups was significantly different (<0.01). BIOENV indicated that the macroinvertebrate community structure of northern Hangzhou Bay was closely related to water temperature and salinity (correlation coefficient:0.39). The present research indicated that the macroinvertebrate community structure of northern Hangzhou Bay is simple and that the main dominant species were small shrimps. There was a significant difference in the seasonal variation of the macroinvertebrate community structure of northern Hangzhou Bay, and the dominant species varied each season. Water temperature, salinity, and the ecological migration of dominant species probably impact the replacement of macroinvertebrate community structure in northern Hangzhou Bay, and the macroinvertebrate community structure of northern Hangzhou Bay is seriously disturbed. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

TYPOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENDERS BASED UPON THE INTENSIVENESS AND STABILITY OF THE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

As a result of analysis of the general theoretical knowledge of the criminal personality and the empirical facts the author suggests the typology of people who commit ecological crimes. The article handles the author’s version of typological distribution of the environmental offenders based upon the intensiveness and stability of the criminal behavior. Three types of environmental offenders such as situational, conventional and professional along with several sub-types of them have been marked and described. The situational type includes individuals who are prone to committing an environmental offence under the influence of external factors or an unfavorable situation, being unable to find a legitimate way out of it. Immoral attitudes of persons of this type are insignificantly manifested. More relevant in the process of offence determination are the defects in the mechanism of social environment – personality interaction in a difficult situation, including because such a person is not prepared for it. The conventional type includes individuals who are characterized by significant deformation in the structure of social orientation. As compared to the previous category, the positive component is manifested to a much lesser extend, socio-psychological features of personality are unstable and contradictory. This type has low legal awareness, including in environmental area, lacks distinct limits between moral and immoral, between «the norm» and «the offence». The majority from this type are anti-social persons who have actually dropped out of the system of normal communications and who live in a parasitic manner for a long time. Some of them are engaged in vagrancy, there are also convicted persons, as well as alcohol and drug addicts. The «professional» type includes individuals who commit offences as if it is his/her trade and for whom such encroachments are a primary or secondary source of income. These persons commit ecological crimes as a logical component of their conventional manner of behavior and the crime stems from persistent anti-social attitudes and social views of these persons. Unlike other categories, persons classified into the ‘professional’ type, actively create a situation for committing a crime and are able, if necessary, to adjust a particular situation to their own benefit. Several sub-types of environmental offenders are also marked out, such as family, negligent, practitioner, legal, office and organizational sub-types. As it has been established, from among environmental offenders classified into the «professional» type, the most dangerous category are «office and organizational» offenders who by nature of their official duties should counteract criminal activities, but instead, contrary to public and state interests, they take charge of the illegal business. This type of offenders includes officers of the police, the State Security Service, the Prosecutor’s Office, the Boarder and Customs Service, forest inspection and fishery inspection authorities. It is noted that typological characteristics of persons committing ecological crimes have different levels of manifestation and may be combined in a different way. Therefore, it is possible to refer to significant variability of types in this category of persons, which allows supplementing the proposed typologies with new types and sub-types.

Infrakritik og proximering. Om at finde den rette afstand

In this paper, we compare critical practices on the Danish fishery inspection ship The West Coast to such practices at the Nordic Folk Center for Renewable Energy. These cases are the ingredients for examining the role of critique in organizational experimentation and research. Taking our point of departure in a notion of critique as finding the right proximity introduced by Bruno Latour and Donna Haraway, we discuss alternatives to critique as based on a position detached from the object of critique. Our analysis shows that critique is immanent to the practices we study and already to some extent conceptualized by the practitioners. To further problematize the already ongoing critical engagements in the organizations we study, we relate our ethnographic descriptions to work done on infra critique (Verran, Willerslev). In conclusion, the relation between the notion of critique as infra-critic and scholarly critical practices is commented on. We find proximation to be a useful concept as an infra critical description of ongoing experimentation with professional identities and organizational boundaries.

무인항공기 시스템을 활용한 선박 식별 및 도시 시스템 개발

선박의 안전한 운항과 자동입출항을 관리하기 위해서 사용되는 선박위치 발신장치(AIS, V-PASS)는 모든 선박에 의무적으로 장착하는 표준장비이다. 선박위치 발신장치를 활용한 선박식별 시스템을 항공기에 탑재하여 대형 어업지도선이나 경비함 등의 선박 및 지상 시스템에서 선박식별정보를 수신할 수 있게 되면 해양감시와 재난대응을 신속하게 수행할 수 있다. 본 논문은 항공기용 통합 선박식별 장치를 활용한 선박식별 및 도시 시스템의 개발 및 비행시험결과와 향후의 활용방안에 대해 기술하였다. AIS and V-PASS, which are used for safe navigation and automatic vessel arrival and departure, are mandatory standard equipment installed on all ships. If an aircraft is equipped with a ship identification system using AIS and V-PASS, and then ship identification information is received by a vessel such as a large fishery inspection boat or a patrol ship or a ground control system, we can quickly perform maritime surveillance and disaster response. This paper describes the development of a ship identification and display system using a ship identification device for aircraft. Flight test results and a future application plan are also included.

High-grading and over-quota discarding in mixed fisheries

High-grading is the decision by fishers to discard fish of low value that allows them to land more valuable fish. A literature review showed high-grading is reported in commercial and non-commercial fisheries around the world, although the number of observations is small. High-grading occurs in fisheries that are restricted to land their total catch due to management, market or physical constraints. Using the mixed flatfish fishery as a model system, a dynamic state variable model simulation showed that high-grading of certain grades occurs throughout the year when their ex-vessel price is low. High-grading increases with the degree of quota restriction, while the level of over-quota discarding is unrelated to the quota level. The size composition of the high-graded catch differs from the landed catch. Due to the differences in the seasonal variation in size specific ex-vessel price, the effect of quota restrictions on the size composition of the discarded catch is non-linear. High-grading is difficult to detect for the fishery inspection as it occurs on-board during the short period when the catch is processed. We conclude that high-grading is under-reported in fish stocks managed by restrictive quota, undermining the quality of stock assessments and sustainable management of exploited fish stocks.

Changing attitudes 1970–2012: evolution of the Norwegian management framework to prevent overfishing and to secure long-term sustainability

AbstractGullestad, P., Aglen, A., Bjordal, Å., Blom, G., Johansen, S., Krog, J., Misund, O. A., and Røttingen, I. 2014. Changing attitudes 1970–2012: evolution of the Norwegian management framework to prevent overfishing and to secure long-term sustainability. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 173–182. Fisheries have been important for livelihood in Norwegian coastal communities for centuries. The development of new fishing technology and increasing fishing capacity posed challenges for the sustainability of the fisheries. The Norwegian spring spawning herring was depleted in the1960s—with dire consequences. This event, and the subsequent efforts to rebuild the stock, was paramount to the gradual development of a coherent Norwegian policy to prevent overfishing and secure long-term sustainability. Nevertheless, overfishing continued during the ensuing transitional decades when a range of new management tools were developed and made effective. Internationally, the extension of the economic zones to 200 nautical miles, and agreement on sharing and management of joint stocks were important elements. At the national level, the development of measures to curb overcapacity, improvement of exploitation patterns through technical regulations, ban on discard and the evolution of procedures for rational decision-making for setting total allowable catches (TACs) on the basis of harvest control rules, were all decisive elements. Another crucial factor was the creation of a whole new profession of fishery inspection. We describe a system of close collaboration between specialists—scientists, fishery managers, and stakeholders—each with a distinct role in building a solid framework to prevent overfishing and secure long-term sustainability.

Metodologia para a monitorização e gestão da pesca de arrasto em Portugal. O exemplo do SIG GEOCRUST 1.0

A METHODOLOGY FOR THE MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT OF TRAWL FISHERIES IN PORTUGAL. THE SIG EXAMPLE OF GEOCRUST 1.0. This paper aims to present the Geographical Information System GEOCRUST 1.0, a computer programme developed within the fishery research project DGXIV 99/059, Use of Satellite GPS data to map effort and landings of the Portuguese crustacean fleet (GEOCRUST), in the University of Algarve. This stand-alone application was developed essentially to map fishing effort and catch per unit effort (CPUE) information for the Portuguese crustacean trawl fleet, operating off the Southwest and South coasts of Portugal. The data available for this study included GPS vessels’ geographical positions and speed, transmitted via satellite to the Portuguese fisheries inspection authorities, and their catch reported to the Portuguese Directorate-General of Fisheries. GEOCRUST 1.0 was developed in ®VISUAL BASIC 6.0 using two ActiveX control: ADODB, to connect with the ®MSACCESS 2000 database and ®MAPOBJECTS 2.0 PRO, to communicate with the maps and provide GIS facilities. The application includes seven modules with the following objectives: Module 1 – to map and edit the original VMS data for a single vessel or group of vessels, for different periods of time; Module 2 – to analyse the trawl speed of each vessel; Module 3 – to define the boundaries of all fishing trips performed by vessel along the year; Module 4 – to identify and define the trawl hauls, within each fishing trip; Module 5 – to issue maps of fishing effort and CPUE; Module 6 – for exploratory data analysis and to extract data from the DB for further use in other computer packages and Module 7 – to recreate the activity of a single vessel, group of vessels or the total fleet, for a fixed period of time. This GIS application, fully developed by programming, has the advantage of being able to be used on its own without any need for external software support. The system developed is a methodological proposal to implement in Portugal, to monitor and manage the trawl fisheries, in particular, the crustacean trawl fishery.

What we Talk about when we Talk about Sailor Culture: Understanding Danish Fisheries Inspection through a Cult Movie

As a concept, culture can easily appear quite diffuse and it is often contested. This ambiguity begs the question of what it means to invoke the concept in particular situations. This paper is an analytic experiment, which was kick-started when I asked informants about sailor culture during fieldwork onboard the Danish fisheries inspection vessel The West Coast. In response, fisheries inspectors, surprisingly, suggested watching the Danish cult movie Martha (1967). I describe this incident as a small ethnographic moment leading me to conduct the present experiment. This involves using Martha as an analytic device to investigate sailor culture. More specifically, I use a preliminary analysis of the movie as an entry point to understand five matters of concern, which I encountered during fieldwork. With point of departure in an analytic attitude I call empirical philosophy I propose the term inter-reflexivity to characterize this mode of lateral cultural analysis. Inter-reflexivity emphasizes a double movement emerging from an ethnographic moment in the field and the creative translation of that moment into an analytic device. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of using a popular cultural artefact encountered in the field as such a device for articulating some complex, current stakes in fisheries inspection and ’inventing’ a particular version of sailor culture.

Situated Surveillance: an ethnographic study of fisheries inspection in Denmark

The field of surveillance studies has gained momentum and with that broadened its empirical gaze to include an increasing number of practices. Yet, the theoretical understanding of surveillance has not developed at the same pace.In this article two dominating metaphors, Big Brother and the panopticon, are critically discussed, and it is argued that fresh theoretical and methodological resources are needed. Using the work of Haraway and Latour the article develops an understanding of surveillance as a situated activity. This is done through an ethnographic study of the Danish Fisheries Inspection. “Situated surveillance” contains the important insight that it is inexpedient to define surveillance in general term and “in advance”. What surveillance is must be studied empirically. When interpreted as “situated” surveillance is never total, as anticipated in Big Brother and the panopticon, but limited and partial. Furthermore, surveillance is a result of work involving exertion, friction and resistance. Finally, the distinction between the observer and the observed is blurred, and surveillance becomes not only a matter of control but also of e.g. care.

Review of mesh measurement methodologies

Many technical measures aimed at the conservation and recovery of fish stocks are based on the implementation of minimum mesh sizes to guarantee a certain level of fishing gear selectivity. At present, different methods are used to measure mesh opening, according to whether the measurement serves fisheries inspection, fisheries research or the manufacturing of netting for fishing nets. At the very least, this causes confusion but can also have more serious consequences such as the criminalization of well intentioned fishermen or the setting of inappropriate mesh size regulations. For example, the measurements made by fishery inspectors using the wedge gauge are generally larger than those made by scientists using the ICES gauge. As a result the cod-ends used by fishermen to satisfy the fishery inspectors will have a selectivity lower than that anticipated by the scientists who provided the advice that informed the relevant legislation. In 1999, owing to the wider range of twines and netting materials used by the fishing industry, ICES established the Study Group on Mesh Measurement Methodology (SGMESH) to refine mesh measurement procedures. At the same time the different stakeholders agreed that there was a need to consider the adoption of a standard mesh measurement method. A major step in the standardization of mesh measurement methodologies was the development of a new standard mesh gauge (2002–2005). In October 2005, it was adopted by ICES as the new standard for mesh measurements and in June 2006 the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) recommended its use for scientific purposes. This review paper critically examines the different mesh measurement methodologies and their related problems, and introduces and describes a new objective mesh gauge (OMEGA) to replace the former less satisfactory gauges. Its adoption will result in researchers, fisheries inspectors and the netting industry using one standard gauge and one set of standard protocols to achieve consistent mesh-size measurements.

Laboratory and field trials of OMEGA, a new objective mesh gauge

The OMEGA gauge is a new objective mesh gauge that has been accepted by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) as the new standard for scientific mesh measurements to replace the ICES gauge. Trials carried out during the development of the OMEGA gauge are described here. The trials were carried out by fisheries inspection services, fisheries research institutes and netting manufacturers in EU and ICES member countries, in Turkey and by the NAFO. The results informed changes to the mesh measuring force recommended by the ICES Study Group on Mesh Measurement Methodology that have subsequently been adopted.

Role of government in HACCP audit: a Cuban perspective

Since 1992 the Ministry of Fishery Industry (MIP) through its Quality Assurance Directorate (DAC) began HACCP implementation works as a basis of its Quality Management System, meeting in this way requirements of its major importers and tailoring to changes in inspection and quality control activities that were taking part worldwide. According to the Minister's Resolution No. 344/1996, HACCP is mandatory for all activities carried out by all entities of MIP, whose activity is related to the manufacturing of fish products from catching operations to its placing in the market. HACCP assessment in fishery establishment is performed in different ways: • Submission of HACCP-based Quality Assurance Program (QAP) to DAC for validation. This draft of QAP is revised and returned with suggestions and remarks for its redrafting and new submission. • Supervisions performed by DAC and National Fishery Inspection Office (ONIP) specialists to end products, manufacturing process' stages and facilities to verify the compliance of regulations, procedures, cleaning and sanitizing procedures and quality specifications standards. • Verifications by means of microbiological, physical, chemical and sensory testing to end products at the reference laboratory requested by DAC • Cost/profit assessment of HACCP implementation in fishery establishments with the utilization of Prevention–Appraisal–Failure Model (PAF), according to a procedure developed at the `FAO's Economical Engineering Workshop applied to Fishery Industry, March 1997'. • As on January 1998, regulatory audits to HACCP-based QAPs began to be performed in fishery establishments, verifying compliance of applicable documentation (Quality Assurance Programs; Cleaning and Sanitizing Procedures, Working Operational Procedures, and so forth) using the `General Procedure for HACCP Audit's performance in fishery establishments' with a group of auditors made up by DAC specialists and ONIP officer inspectors. For the development of these activities in force up to date, we relied on the collaboration and consultancy of FAO/DANIDA GCP/INT/609/DEN Project in national courses, exchange of experience exchange and training with Inspection and Quality Assurance Bodies of other countries and as a multiplying effect of these activities, the consultancy and training carried out by experts from DAC of MIP to inspectors and industry's technical staff.

The Swedish airborne remote sensing system for maritime surveillance

Sweden has developed a remote sensing maritime surveillance system primarily designed for light twin-engine aircraft. The system is composed of different sensor components which are integrated with a real-time data presentation and management console. In Sweden the system is operated by the Swedish Coast Guard for sea traffic supervision, fishery inspection, marine environmental protection, search and rescue etc.

Swedish remote sensing systems for oil spill surveillance at sea

Different remote sensing systems for oil spill surveillance have been developed in Sweden. The Swedish Coast Guard operates airborne systems based on a side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) and an infrared/ultraviolet (IR/UV) scanner. The systems are also used in general maritime surveillance (fishery inspection, search and rescue etc.) and participate also in the anti-submarine operations in the Swedish archipelagos.

Microbiological Quality of Fishery Products—role of Fisheries and Environment Canada, Fisheries Inspection Branch

Microbiological Quality of Fishery Products—role of Fisheries and Environment Canada, Fisheries Inspection Branch