Fish Exports Research Articles

Economic Study of the Foreign Demand Determinants for Egyptian Fish

The main objective of this research is to study the determinants of Egyptian fish demand during the period (2000-2018). The most important results of the research are the following: 1- Increasing the quantity and the value of Egyptian fish exports, with an annual growth rate about 18.8%, 20.4% for each of them, respectively. 2- The Egyptian fish exports depend on fresh and chilled fish export by 80%, live fish and ornamental fish by 8.55%, fresh and chilled molluscs by 6.04%, frozen fish by 3.37%, salted, dried and smoked fish 1.24% 0.43% shrimp and crustaceans of various types 0.43% processed and sliced or chopped fish, 0.32%. 3- Italy, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates are the most important foreign markets for Egyptian fish exports, as the value of Egyptian fish exports to these markets represents about 19.2%, 17.4%, and 8.2% of the total value of the average Egyptian fish exports during the study period. 4- The presence of an apparent comparative advantage in exporting Egyptian fish to foreign markets, where the value of this indicator increased from 59 in 2014 to 83 in 2018 5- The presence of a comparative price advantage for Egyptian fish in the Italian, the Lebanese, and the Emirati markets, where the price ratio index reached about 1.2, 1.4, and 1.8 for each of them, respectively. 6- A decrease in the penetration rate of Egyptian fish in the Italian market, which amounted about 0.5, while it was high in the Lebanese and French markets, which amounted about 11.3, 6.6, in the two markets, respectively, as a general average for the period (2013-2018). 7- The components of the Egyptian fish exports are characterized by the geographical concentration factor, where the index value reached about 0.62 in 2013 and continued to increase and approach the correct one until it reached 0.72 in 2018. 8- The decrease in the commodity diversity of Egyptian fish exports, as the value of this indicator was weak, which amounted about 0.63 in 2018. 9- The most influencing factors on the quantity of Egyptian fish exports during the study period between the determinants of global demand for Egyptian fish are both the record number of fish production in Egypt (X1), as well as the Egyptian trade policies towards fish exports (X8) as this indicates export development Egyptian fish. 10- Each of the problems and the productive technological obstacles and the marketing technology and the obstacles that relate to the nature of the export process and its procedures, and the obstacles that relate to foreign markets represent a major challenge to the access of Egyptian fish to the global market.

Advertising with Supply Control: Some Implications of Norwegian Whitefish Export Promotion

An issue for generic advertising in agricultural markets with unregulated supplies is that the promotion-induced demand shift could lead to a supply response that substantially attenuates the price effects of the promotion. For the generic promotion of fish exports, however, the concern is generally just the opposite—the possibility that extensive government supply controls could render promotion efforts to expand export sales ineffectual due to little or no supply response. This study considers the effects of government whitefish (cod, haddock, and others) supply controls on the effectiveness of the Norwegian Seafood Council (NSC) whitefish export promotion program. We use an econometric simulation model to measure the effectiveness and returns to NSC whitefish export promotion under a range of possible export supply control conditions. Results indicate that effective supply control maximizes the return to promotion and that ineffectual supply control imposes a potentially large opportunity cost on the promoting industry.

International Fisheries Access Agreements and Trade

International fishery access agreements allow fishermen from one country to harvest fish in another country’s waters. We empirically examine why countries sign fisheries access agreements with each other and compare these to the characteristics of countries that choose to undertake international trade. Using a unique global panel dataset, we show that access agreements and fish exports are driven by two key motives: a pattern of comparative advantage in fishing, which depends on fish stocks and fishing capacities; and gravity factors of economic size and distance. Our results suggest that most gravity factors work similarly for the dual pathways of agreements and exports: larger countries that are closer to each other are more likely to sign access agreements or to trade. However, the pattern of advantage is determined differently: source countries with larger fishing capacity are more likely to export fish, while source countries with lower fishing capacity are more likely to sign agreements.

TRENDS IN THE FISH MARKET AND FISHING INDUSTRY PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Метою статті є вивчення тенденцій розвитку ринку риби та продукції рибної промисловості, аналіз обсягів експорту та імпорту рибної продукції в Україну для подальшої побудови холодних ланцюгів постачань. В роботі проведено аналіз обсягів рибальства та аквакультури в усьому світі за останні роки, лідерами по вилову риби залишаються країни Азії, пропозиції на ринку риби та морепродуктів залишаються за країнами, які складають 80% від загального об’єму вилову риби. Загальний видобуток рибної продукції забезпечують усього 20 країн, серед яких Китай виступає беззаперечним лідером. Також світовий стан пропозиції на ринку риби та морепродуктів протягом тривалого часу визначають Перу, США, Чилі, Індонезія, Японія, Індія, РФ, Таїланд, Норвегія, Латвія, Естонія. Визначенні основні країни – імпортери риби та рибної продукції в Україну – якими є Ірландія та Норвегія, співвідношення імпорту та експорту риби та рибної продукції в Україні складає експорт - 2% , імпорт - 98% , незважаючи, що Україна має морський простір, об’єм вилову та експорту дуже незначний. Розглянуті основні країни імпортери риби та рибної продукції в України, визначено, що 90% всієї імпортованої продукції є замороженою, доставка з країн Європейського Союзу відбувається автомобільним транспортом. У статті встановлено, що український ринок риби є імпортозалежним і має сезонний характер. У статті акцентовано увагу на необхідність урахування географії перевезень на формування технологічного процесу доставки риби.

Colorimetric detection of scale drop disease virus in Asian sea bass using loop-mediated isothermal amplification with xylenol orange

Scale drop disease virus (SDDV) is an emerging pathogen that causes multiple outbreaks in farmed Asian sea bass across many regions in Southeast Asia and results in severe economic losses to the exports of fish. With no current standard vaccination protocol against this virus, routine testing that probes for SDDV in Asian sea bass culture can help farmers prevent a large-scale epidemic from occurring. Fish samples can be sent to accredited laboratories for SDDV test that is performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and related methods, such as qPCR. Albeit its high sensitivity, PCR requires skilled labors and equipment only available in centralized laboratory settings, and therefore, not appropriate for the timely determination of SDDV. Herein, we report the development of a colorimetric assay based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with a pH-sensitive xylenol orange (XO) reporter. With a rapid total DNA extraction method developed in this research, we were able to demonstrate that the sensitivity of the naked-eye detection was 100 picograms of total DNA extracted from the SDDV-infected Asian sea bass samples. In addition to its affordability, our LAMP-XO circumvents the technical challenges faced by PCR and allows the SDDV detection to be conveniently performed and analyzed at the potential site of an outbreak.

Innovation system fetures of Iceland

The global financial crisis has put the question to practically all countries of the world to take on the inevitable changes and take the negative consequences of the financial downturn, or to accept new revolutionary changes in all sectors of the economy and become modern competitive states, able to withstand the challenges of the modern world. Some countries have left everything as it is, others have tried to adapt to the new situation. One of these countries is Iceland. The state began structural changes many decades ago, but the crisis events of 2008 somehow accelerated this process. The post-crisis plan for the country’s exit from the financial crisis and the recovery of the economy at pre-crisis positions was adopted; subsequently, the targets were adjusted improvement of pre-crisis indicators. The essence of the plan was to make full use of the country’s natural resources for the benefit of the state, namely: tourism, geothermal energy, the fishing industry, as well as biotechnology and pharmaceuticals were to become the basic “pillars” on which the national economy was based. An intelligent approach along with original ideas has brought its positive results: over the years Iceland has become one of the leaders in Europe for a number of indicators, namely: annual tourist flow, production and export of fish, use of renewable energy sources for their own needs, life expectancy, etc. In 2018, the government of Iceland created a new state development plan aimed at consolidating the results of previous years and improving individual indicators. It was decided to pay more attention to the latest innovation processes both in the state and in the world as a whole, as well as the development and support of innovative enterprises to update all components of the Icelandic economic system. Judging by the pace of development shown by this northern country, the results from the implementation of the points of the new plan will be more than positive

An Estimation of Endogenous Formaldehyde Exposure due to Consumption of Indonesian Opah Fish (Lampris guttatus) in Three Major Export Destination Countries

The demand for Indonesian opah fish as an export product is increasing in the international market. Three countries (Malaysia, Mauritius, and Taiwan) recorded as the leading export destination of Indonesian opah fish. However, as the fish kept in a frozen state during export transportation, the endogenous formaldehyde may increase over time. This research presented the health risk assessment of population in the leading export destination countries that consumed opah fish from Indonesia. The study aimed to reveal the most potential export destination country that may accept an increasing volume of opah fish supply from Indonesia. The potency was determined from current export volume, the amount of endogenous formaldehyde content, and fish consumption at each country. The data were calculated with @Risk®7.0 software. The results showed opah fish consumed by Malaysian can be categorized as safe. Increasing the number of opah fish imported by Malaysian as much as six times, 12 times, 18 times, 27 and 36 times relatively does not cause health risks related to the presence of its endogenous formaldehyde. Moreover, opah fish consumed by Taiwanese is also safe, but with increasing the number of consumptions by more than 26 times is suspected to be potentially causing a health problem. However, opah fish consumed in Mauritius was categorized as unsafe and potentially caused health risks. Based on these results, Indonesia may consider to increase the opah fish export to Malaysia and Taiwan in the future.

DISMINUCIÓN DE LA TASA DE MORTANDAD DE PECES ORNAMENTALES PARA EXPORTACIÓN POR MEDIO DE LA RECIRCULACIÓN DE LAS AGUAS EFLUENTES CON HUMEDALES ARTIFICIALES EN LA REGIÓN LORETO – PERÚ

En la empresa exportadora de peces ornamentales ACUATRADE SAC, de la Región Loreto, la mortandad interna era de hasta 12%, detectándose que tales pérdidas obedecían a la inconstante calidad de agua, la cual proviene del sub suelo y es tratada con floculación diariamente luego de extraerla. El uso de humedales artificiales para reciclar y reusar las aguas efluentes de los peces en acopio, redujo drásticamente la tasa de mortandad y el uso de agua del subsuelo.

Assessment of Fish Exports from Blantyre District, Southern Malawi

This study presents findings on fish exports from Blantyre, which is the biggest commercial city in Malawi. A cross-sectional research design was used in the study in which fish quantities, species, processing methods, gender of fish exporters and export destinations were analysed. Non-probability data collection methods were used on the secondary data that was collected from Blantyre District Fisheries Office. Findings indicate that a total of 9596 kg (9.6 metric tonnes) of fish was exported within a period of six months in the year 2013 comprising all species available in the local markets and those endemic in Malawi’s water bodies. Most fish were exported as sun-dried, para-boiled and smoked. Findings suggest that fish exports from Malawi are in their infancy, fluctuate, and are insignificant for making a positive and sustainable impact to the economy of the country. It is recommended that national and regional policies should be fully utilized to curb exports of fish in order to sustainably satisfy the local huge demand for fish. About 82.6% of the fish exporters were women underpinning the need for policy considerations that value their critical role in the fish export trade such as women empowerment.

Strategic analysis of trends in the global fishing industry

The article analyzes global strategic trends in the development of the fishing industry, whose most important role in terms of the successful development of society is increasingly recognized. For a number of priorities and indicators, the leading countries in the production, export and import of fish and fish products are indicated. The strategic vector of development of the fishing industry in Russia as a whole and, in particular, the Russian Far East has been substantiated. The competitive advantage of the region is the best resource base among all regions of Russia. The main objects of the fishing industry of Russia, determining its competitiveness in the global market, are concentrated in the Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories. The level of development of the productive forces of the fishing industry of the Far Eastern Federal District predetermines the role of Russia in the most important economic space of the world – the Asia-Pacific region, where, since 1992, leaders of the fishing industry have been localized. The problem of realizing the strategic potential of the fisheries complex in Russia is complicated by the lack of capacity of the fishing fleet, port infrastructure, refrigeration and storage facilities onshore, and coastal fish processing plants.

Fish Exports and Economic Growth: The Pakistan’s Experience

This study attempts to explore first time ever the relationship between fish exports and economic growth of Pakistan by employing annual time series data for the period 1974–2013. Autoregressive distributed lag and Johansen and Juselius cointegration results confirm the existence of a positive long-run relationship among the variables. Further, the error correction model reveals that no immediate or short-run relationship exists between fish exports and economic growth. Different sensitivity analyses indicate that initial results are robust. Rolling window analysis has been applied to identify the yearly behaviour of fish exports, and it remains negative from 1979 to 1982, 1984 to 1988, 1993 to 1999, 2004 and from 2010 to 2013, and it shows positive impact from 1989 to 1992, 2000 to 2003 and from 2005 to 2009. Furthermore, the variance decomposition method and impulse response function suggest the bidirectional causal relationship between fish exports and economic growth. The findings are beneficial for policymakers in the area of export planning. This study also provides some policy implications in the final section.

International Trade as Discourse: Construction of a “China Threat” through Fakes

ABSTRACTChina’s fish exports are hindered by association of the county with fakes. This negative image of China as a Country-of-Origin means its fish exports are disadvantaged by the hegemony of the “original”, the view that products from developing countries are adulterated. Against this hegemony, the article is sensitive to the plurality of meanings of food safety and uses a poststructuralist approach to interpret food scares as hegemonic narratives that (re)create reality. At an ontological level, the food scare is read as “logic” of Othering, the construction of a “China threat”. This article uses the “food scare” news in Kenyan newspapers to describe how international trade is part of processes of fixing the meaning of Country-of-origin and creating a “China threat”. Utilising discourse theoretical analysis, the article describes the food safety news as part of the national hegemonic construction of a “China threat” through economism, scientism and political myths.

'A sea of troubles' (2): Brexit and the UK seafood supply chain

The debate over Brexit and the fisheries question has focused very largely on the expected benefits for the UK's fishing industry to the virtual exclusion of potential implications for the seafood supply chain. This paper refocuses attention on a supply chain now heavily dependent on both imports and exports of fish and fish products mainly to EU markets. Brexit could pose potentially significant problems arising from the imposition of tariff and non-tariff restrictions on trade and limitation on future movements of semi-skilled and unskilled EU migrants into the UK labour market. Three elements of the supply chain are likely to be directly affected: the shellfish and small scale fisheries sectors impacted by tariff and non-tariff restrictions and perhaps most significantly the fish processing industry, similarly affected by trade restrictions and heavily dependent on EU labour. Brexit has also been the catalyst for renewed pressures in Scotland for further devolution of powers relating to the fishing industry that at some future date could see the development of two distinctive seafood supply chains within the UK.

A Carding System as an Approach to Increasing the Economic Risk of Engaging in IUU Fishing?

The European Union (EU) instituted a carding system via its EC Regulation 1005/2008 with the goal of incentivizing fish and fish products (fish) exporting countries to the Union to take action to reduce IUU fishing in their waters. This regulation stipulates that the EU will issue warnings, known as a yellow card, to countries that perform poorly in the effort to end IUU fishing in their waters. Failure to curb IUU fishing will result in a ban in the export of fish to the EU via the issuance of a red card. Here, I ask the following questions: What is the economic risk of being red carded by the EU? Is the economic risk big enough to significantly reduce IUU fishing in a targeted country’s waters? Would the risk be broad enough to result in a significant reduction in IUU fishing globally? What if the two other leading fish importing countries, i.e., the United States and Japan, also institute a similar carding system as the EU? To address these questions, I develop and compute an economic risk index for the carding system. This study suggests that the impact of an EU only IUU carding system could be significant for some targeted countries but its effect globally, with respect to reducing IUU fishing, would be minimal. However, I find that the economic risk to fish exporting countries would increase significantly if the United States and Japan also instituted similar carding systems, which would in turn help to reduce IUU fishing worldwide. This contribution shows that an IUU carding system could contribute significantly to the elimination of IUU fishing provided a critical mass of top fish importing countries participate in such a system.

Too big to fault? Effects of the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize on Norwegian exports to China and foreign policy

In October 2010, the Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel Peace Prize to Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo. The Chinese Government responded by freezing political and economic relations with Norway, introducing sanctions on imports of fish and other products, and limiting diplomatic interaction. Using a synthetic control approach, we estimate the effect of Chinese sanctions on Norwegian exports to China and on Norwegian foreign policy. We find that the sanctions reduced direct exports of fish to China by between 125 and 176 million US$ in the period 2011–2013, and direct total exports from Norway to China by between 780 and 1300 million US$. Moreover, immediately following the peace prize, Norwegian agreement with Chinese voting on UN human rights resolutions increased. The results suggest that the Chinese Government can effectively use economic sanctions to affect the foreign policy positions of democratic governments, with potentially chilling effects for international progress on human rights.

Evaluation of the efficiency and quality of six surfaces in drying Haplochromis sp (enkejje) at Rubare fish landing site in Uganda

Uganda has been exporting fish to the European Union and the United States since 1992, but occasionally faces bans on fish exports whenever it fails to process fish to international standards. This...

Domestic Ban Versus Border Rejections: A Case of Oman’s Fish Exports to the EU

The decline of Oman’s fish exports to the European Union (EU) since mid-2000s has caused legitimate concerns among policy makers and exporters. However, the potential reasons for the decline have not been fully elucidated. To ascertain the underlying causes of such decline, this article empirically examines the relative significance of potential economic and policy-related factors such as border rejections influenced by health and safety measures, supply and demand capacities, domestic ban, domestic structural changes, and exchange rate fluctuations on Oman’s fish exports to the EU. The results obtained from the dynamic unbalanced panel data model for the period 2000-2013 indicate that fish exports to the EU markets have been influenced by the domestic ban on export, domestic structural changes, and exchange rate fluctuations rather than by border rejections. These findings provide important signal to policy makers of the respective countries in designing adaptive policy approach to address such influences.

Trade Expansion, International Competitiveness and the Pursuit of Export Diversification in Bangladesh

While export diversification has been central to many policy dialogues in Bangladesh, little effort has been made to investigate international competitiveness of major export sectors using longitudinal data. This paper contributes to the export diversification literature by measuring and comparing international export competitiveness of five major export sectors in Bangladesh employing data from 1980 to 2013. The expansion of readymade garments export from Bangladesh has been phenomenal. Exports of fish and seafood also increased slowly. The exports of other three sectors, however, declined. While three of the five sectors considered in this study enjoyed international competitiveness, the export competitiveness of only two sectors increased over time. These results underscore export diversification challenges faced by Bangladesh and possible pathways.

Quality Improvement of Vannamei Shrimp Production Process Using ISO 9001:2015

Every manufacturer who joins the trade blocks must always produce high quality products to compete in free market. This article presents the research results on implementation of quality management system in order to produce high quality products of fishery sector in Indonesia. Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of important high value of fish export commodities. Indonesia's vannamei shrimp production volume continues to increase but in reality it only supplies 12.1% of world's shrimp demand. This low supply has been linked to higher world competition in vannamei shrimp. In order to face the competition, it needs to improve the quality management system of production. Therefore, it needs a research to answer the competition problem. The study sample was chosen purposely from vannamei shrimp hatcher managers in East Java, Central Java, West Java, and Lampung and experts from universities. The implementation of study includes self assessment, readiness study, and implementation priority of ISO 9001:2015 clause. The research results show that some preparation elements of quality system are in compliance with international standards but there is still an important part of quality system not appropriate. Priority clauses in its application are Leadership, Enhancement, Performance Evaluation, Organizational Context, Operation, Planning, and Support.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CEARÁ STATE TO THE BRAZILIAN MARINE ORNAMENTAL FISH EXPORTS

O Brasil é um dos principais fornecedores mundiais de peixes ornamentais marinhos e Ceará é o estado exportador de maior relevância no país. Entretanto, existe uma carência de informações atualizadas sobre a atividade, o que é crucial para a explotação sustentável desses organismos. Assim, o presente trabalho fornece os dados mais recentes em relação às exportações brasileiras e, mais especificamente, cearenses de peixes ornamentais marinhos, por meio da análise de informações contidas em 420.871 autorizações de exportação emitidas pelas autoridades ambientais brasileiras nos últimos 10 anos. Os resultados corroboram a relevante paraticipação do estado do Ceará nas exportações nacionais de peixes ornamentais marinhos, mas também mostram um declínio substancial dessa atividade ao longo da última década. Dezesseis espécies foram as mais abundantes e frequentes tanto nas exportações brasileiras quanto nas cearenses. Não surpreendentemente, os pomacantídeos foram os peixes mais importantes comercializados, e provavelmente mais de 283.525 indivíduos foram capturados na natureza em um intervalo de aproximadamente 10 anos. Atualmente as exportações brasileiras são direcionadas principalmente para os países asiáticos e deslocamentos sazonais da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT) parecem interferir na coleta de peixes ornamentais no Ceará, impactando