Abstract
O Brasil é um dos principais fornecedores mundiais de peixes ornamentais marinhos e Ceará é o estado exportador de maior relevância no país. Entretanto, existe uma carência de informações atualizadas sobre a atividade, o que é crucial para a explotação sustentável desses organismos. Assim, o presente trabalho fornece os dados mais recentes em relação às exportações brasileiras e, mais especificamente, cearenses de peixes ornamentais marinhos, por meio da análise de informações contidas em 420.871 autorizações de exportação emitidas pelas autoridades ambientais brasileiras nos últimos 10 anos. Os resultados corroboram a relevante paraticipação do estado do Ceará nas exportações nacionais de peixes ornamentais marinhos, mas também mostram um declínio substancial dessa atividade ao longo da última década. Dezesseis espécies foram as mais abundantes e frequentes tanto nas exportações brasileiras quanto nas cearenses. Não surpreendentemente, os pomacantídeos foram os peixes mais importantes comercializados, e provavelmente mais de 283.525 indivíduos foram capturados na natureza em um intervalo de aproximadamente 10 anos. Atualmente as exportações brasileiras são direcionadas principalmente para os países asiáticos e deslocamentos sazonais da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT) parecem interferir na coleta de peixes ornamentais no Ceará, impactando
Highlights
Ceará state is the leading Brazilian marine aquarium fish exporter (Monteiro-Neto et al, 2003; Nottingham et al, 2005b) and the regional data concerning exploitation have been used as reference for the establishment of norms to regulate the ornamental trade in the whole country (Nottingham et al, 2005a)
Given the importance of updated information to guide the implementation of policies and rules aiming the sustainable exploitation of marine ornamentals in Brazil, it is crucial to fulfill the lack of basic knowledge concerning life history, reproduction and population dynamics of targeted species (Nottingham et al, 2000; Nottingham et al, 2003; Gasparini et al, 2005; Nottingham et al, 2005b; Feitosa et al, 2015), and the paucity of data regarding exports in the last decade must be repaired - since the most recent published statistics regarding Brazilian exports of marine aquarium fish were related to 2006 and 2007 (IBAMA, 2008)
The Brazilian international marine ornamental trade was represented by seven exporting states (Ceará, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Pará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) and the former was the most relevant given its highest percentage of exports (Figure 1) - x = 74%, sd = 13% - and the number of exported specimens, despite a notable decrease in the activity along the last decade (Figure 2)
Summary
Marine ornamental trade is a global multi-million dollar industry, involving at least 45 countries and the collection of 30 million fish specimens, belonging to 125 different families, and 1,800 species (Wood, 2001; Tissot et al, 2010; Stevenson et al, 2011; Rhyne et al, 2014).Brazil is considered one of the main suppliers of the marine aquarium market (Wood, 2001; Bruckner, 2005; Rhyne et al, 2012) and, like in the other exporting countries, the great majority of the exported specimens is wild harvested. Given the importance of updated information to guide the implementation of policies and rules aiming the sustainable exploitation of marine ornamentals in Brazil, it is crucial to fulfill the lack of basic knowledge concerning life history, reproduction and population dynamics of targeted species (Nottingham et al, 2000; Nottingham et al, 2003; Gasparini et al, 2005; Nottingham et al, 2005b; Feitosa et al, 2015), and the paucity of data regarding exports in the last decade must be repaired - since the most recent published statistics regarding Brazilian exports of marine aquarium fish were related to 2006 and 2007 (IBAMA, 2008).
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