First Set Of Questions Research Articles

Amatör İç Su Balıkçılarının Sosyo-Demografik Özellikleri: Türkiye Örneği

Bu çalışma, iç sulardaki amatör balıkçıların bazı sosyo-demografik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla, sosyal bir platformda interaktif olarak yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında, 24 sorudan oluşan çevrimiçi bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. Ankette amatör balıkçılara yöneltilen sorular diğer çalışmalarla paralellik gösterecek şekilde hazırlanmıştır. Online ankete toplamda 2045 kişi katılmış ve Türkiye‘nin 71 farklı ilinden katılım gerçekleşmiştir. Ankete katılan amatör balıkçıların büyük bir bölümünü erkek balıkçılar oluşmaktadır (%99,9). Balıkçıların meslek dağılımlarına bakıldığında işsizliğin yaygın olduğu görülmüştür (%41,7). Genelde emekli uğraşı olarak değerlendirilen olta balıkçılığının bu çalışmada emekliler arasında çok yaygın çıkmamasının sebebi olarak anketin interaktif olarak uygulanması gösterilebilir. Bu düşünceyi destekler şekilde, ankete katılanların %76,7‘sı 25-46 yaş aralığındadır. Çoğunluğu (%76,7) bekâr olan oltacıların, ortalama aylık gelirleri 2845 ₺‘dir. %51,2‘sinin aylık geliri 1500-3000 ₺ aralığındadır. Amatör balıkçıların çoğunluğu (%40,6) lise mezunudur ve %41,5‘lık kısmı üniversite (ön lisans, lisans ve yüksek lisans) eğitimi almıştır. Çalışmamıza dâhil olan amatör balıkçıların eğitim düzeylerinin, Türkiye‘nin birçok göl ve baraj gölündeki ticari balıkçılardan daha yüksek olduğu söylenebilir.

On Liberalism’s Religion

ABSTRACTThis chapter addresses two crucial issues raised by Laborde’s superb Liberalism’s Religion. The first pertains to where the liberal democratic modern state draws the line between the self-governing prerogatives of religious nomos communities and their regulation by the civil law; the second pertains to the prerogative of the state to do the relevant line drawing. Theorists concerned with religious freedom focus on the first set of questions under the rubric of ‘accommodation.’ The issue is unfair discrimination. I focus on Laborde’s approach to the second. This is again an important issue due to the recent revival of jurisdictional political pluralism: an approach that challenges the supremacy of the civil law and of the authority of the sovereign state over domestic religious authorities. I suggest more work must be done to parry those challenges.

Endüstriyel Tasarım Öğrencilerinin Bakış Açısından Otomotiv Endüstrisinin Teknik Bilgi ve Tasarımcı-Mühendis İlişkisi Üzerinden Toplumsal Cinsiyetlendirilmesi

This study explores gender relations in automotive design from the perspective of industrial design students. It draws on two automotive projects carried out collaboratively with industry in the final year design studio, in order to understand how industrial students, in light of their experiences in these two projects, see automotive industry, which is identified as male-dominated and perceived to be ‘suitable’ for men, as an area they can work in the future. Interviews were carried out with 20 women and 11 men students around two main questions. Focusing on the experiences of students in the studio projects, the first set of questions ask to what extent and how gender had a role in setting up the project team, in relations with the collaborating firm and other experts consulted during the projects, and in the division of work within the team. Second set of questions investigated the perspectives of the students on automotive industry as well as the impact of carrying out an automotive design project during the undergraduate education on this perspective. Findings show that according to industrial design students, automotive design is gendered through technology and the relationships with engineers, who are considered as the authentic experts on technology within this industry; and this view has a significant impact on the students’ expectations from the automotive industry in relation to their future career prospects.

Knowledge and perception of patients in a tertiary hospital about radiation and its effects-A survey

Aim: To assess the knowledge and perception of patients about the relative ionizing radiation exposure and its effects in a tertiary hospital.Material and method: A total of 171 subjects were selected from patients who have undergone Computed Tomography and X ray. The self-administered survey comprised of fifteen questions that were divided in two sets with a five point scoring scale. The first set of questions was based on patients’ knowledge and perception on physician practices and the second set of questions was based on the knowledge and perception of patients on radiological examinations. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics where mean, standard deviation, and range was used to report the data.Results: Among 171 study participants 61.99 % had an X-ray done and 38.01% had a CT-scan done The respondents who attended university/college show that they have greater awareness than respondents from the latter (35.6%) as compared to the participant who pursued their education in college but didn’t enter university. The patients who finished primary and secondary school showed to have lesser awareness comparatively. The result indicates that those patients who had passed university/college had better awareness (39.1%) than the rest.Conclusion: The overall knowledge and perception of radiation and its effect happens to be moderate based on the results. However, it is best if the patients are highly aware about radiation, dose, its risks, protection and justification, considering its hazard as a carcinogenic entity.

Physician Satisfaction With Clinical Pharmacist Services in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Clinic

Objective: To evaluate physician satisfaction with clinical pharmacy services in an obstetrics teaching clinic. Study Design: A 35-question survey was created to evaluate demographics and provider satisfaction with clinical pharmacy services using 5-point Likert scale and open response questions. Surveys were administered to all clinic attendings, maternal fetal medicine fellows, and OB/Gyn residents in June 2014 via Survey Monkey. Results: Thirty-one physicians (83.8%) completed the survey. The first set of questions utilized a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from “poor” (1) to “excellent” (5) and evaluated respondents’ impressions of the clinical pharmacists’ clinical knowledge and professional behavior. The median score was 5 (“excellent”) on all items in the survey, and many demonstrated an average response of 4.81 to 4.9 or higher, demonstrating that almost all respondents chose “excellent.” The next set of questions assessed the clinical pharmacist’s role with the clinic’s multidisciplinary team and asked respondents to answer questions based on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from “strongly disagree” (1) to “strongly agree” (5). The majority of responses to questions in this section were between 4.19 and 4.84. Reasons for referring patients to the clinical pharmacist were smoking cessation, asthma management, psych medication use/issues, adherence/polypharmacy, medication reconciliation, counseling on medication safety in pregnancy, insulin/heparin administration, and substance abuse. Conclusions: Overall, the survey identified a positive response and high level of physician satisfaction with clinical pharmacy services. Clinical pharmacy has the capacity to enhance pregnancy care and should be more routinely integrated into the prenatal care team.

Design Requirements for Multilingual Hadith Corpus

This paper discusses the requirements of users who are willing to be familiarized with Hadith.The first set of questions aimed to personal information.The remaining eight questions about Hadith started by identifying why users reading Hadith also requested them to declare their opinion regarding finding Hadith explanation and word meaning in Arabic, moreover Finding moral for each Hadith, And Hadith explanation, word meaning, and moral in one website. Muslim finding Hadith in different languages, along with the source and classification of each Hadith respectively. Finally, the users had been requested to indicate their search methods preferences whether like to read Hadith from websites or from books.

Questioning the Diffusion of Resilience Discourses in Pursuit of Transformational Change

Desirable responses to global environmental challenges are increasingly being characterized as requiring transformational social change. Keeping pace with this growing imperative, discourses of resilience are shifting away from an emphasis on durability toward more progressive themes. After briefly revisiting the interdisciplinary origin of social-ecological resilience, some lingering concerns about its theoretical underpinnings and practical implications are raised. With the theme of transformational change in mind, two sets of questions are posed—aiming to stimulate discussion of resilience as a boundary object, and resilience in practice. The first set of questions is intended to draw attention to differences between analysis and normativity in resilience discourses, as well as to how this plays out across different scales. The latter questions problematize the predominance of localism in resilience discourses and seek to advance the critique of its inherent neoliberalism.

The effects of text structure instruction on expository reading comprehension: A meta-analysis.

In this meta-analysis of 45 studies involving students in Grades 2–12, the authors present evidence on the effects of text structure instruction on the expository reading comprehension of students. The meta-analysis was deigned to answer 2 sets of questions. The first set of questions examined the effectiveness of text structure instruction on proximal measures of comprehension, including examination of potential moderators and effectiveness for students with or at-risk for disabilities. The second set of questions examined the effectiveness on transfer measures of the effectiveness of the intervention across temporal contexts (maintenance), near-contexts (untaught text structures), and far-contexts (general reading comprehension). Overall, the results indicated that text structure instruction improves expository reading comprehension, but the effects were tempered when text structure instruction was compared with stronger comparison groups. The findings also identified 2 moderators that led to increased effect sizes (teaching more text structures and including writing in the instruction). Text structure instruction was also found to be effective across all 3 levels of transfer, although the effects for far-transfer are small and lack consistency. Recommendations include conducting more research to understand the nuances of potential interactions between various instructional approaches and student populations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

An assessment of variables affecting transition readiness in pediatric rheumatology patients.

BackgroundWe sought to identify which adolescent patient characteristics might lead to subjective reported independence in accessing medical care when patients transition from pediatric to adult medicine.MethodsPediatric and adult rheumatologists were asked which pediatric patient characteristics they believed would improve transition to adult medical care. Based on these responses, a questionnaire was created and administered to 76 teenage/young adult patients in a pediatric rheumatology clinic. The first set of questions included demographic, disease features, and life skills questions. The second set of questions pertained to self-reported independence in managing medical care. Data was analyzed to see if there were any significant associations between an individual’s response to demographic, disease feature, or life skills questions and the independence outcome questions.ResultsIn our study, older age correlated with self-reported independence in almost all questions asked regarding accessing medical care. Other patient characteristics that were associated with increased self-perceived autonomy included having a younger parent, having a family member with a similar disease, longer disease duration, having a comorbid non-rheumatic diagnosis, and having had a summer job.ConclusionsThe patient characteristics that we found associated with self-reported independence in obtaining medical care should be considered when determining which patients might be more likely to make a successful transition.

Once The Shovel Hits the Ground: Evaluating the Management of Complex Implementation Processes of Public-Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects with Qualitative Comparative Analysis

markdownabstractAbstract Much attention is being paid to the planning of public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects. The subsequent implementation phase – when the contract has been signed and the project ‘starts rolling’ – has received less attention. However, sound agreements and good intentions in project planning can easily fail in project implementation. Implementing PPP infrastructure projects is complex, but what does this complexity entail? How are projects managed, and how do public and private partners cooperate in implementation? What are effective management strategies to achieve satisfactory outcomes? This is the fi rst set of questions addressed in this thesis. Importantly, the complexity of PPP infrastructure development imposes requirements on the evaluation methods that can be applied for studying these questions. Evaluation methods that ignore complexity do not create a realistic understanding of PPP implementation processes, with the consequence that evaluations tell us little about what works and what does not, in which contexts, and why. This hampers learning from evaluations. What are the requirements for a complexity-informed evaluation method? And how does qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) meet these requirements? This is the second set of questions addressed in this thesis.

Examination of Foie Gras Consumption Habit

The goose liver is a special product produced by the force-fattened geese. The manufacturing process has thousands of years of history, which has grown to be a key sector for Hungary. First, we intended to get to know the producers side on force-feeding of geese in the past and present during our research – this serves as a basis of structured interviews with 10 workers in the administrating sector. On the other side, we investigated the consumers’ habits and opinions in relation with goose liver with a questionnaire. The first set of questions was directed specifically to consumer habits, including how often the product is consumed and why it is so. The second set of questions was intended to assess the knowledge on the process and other topic-related issues. Finally, we could establish that this type of products called ‘hungaricum’ is very important for Hungary because of the export and it also provides the basis for many farmers.

Samuel Johnson, Francis Barber, and 'Mr Desmoulins['] Writing School'

JAMES BOSWELL, alone among Samuel Johnson’s early biographers in according full dignity and humanity to Francis (‘Frank’) Barber—the Jamaican-born former slave boy who became Johnson’s valet, friend, virtually a ward, and eventual principal heir—made an effort to seek out and record some details of his early history, and to register his importance in Johnson’s life. As part of his researches in the 1780s for the Life of Johnson (first edn 1791) he wrote Barber a series of questions in a letter of 15 July 1786, just over a year and a half after Johnson’s death, about his origins, early associations with Johnson, and Johnson’s circumstances at this time, and noted in his own hand Barber’s replies, evidently from Barber’s dictation.1 What Boswell recorded has become, since this letter’s recovery among Boswell’s private papers in the early twentieth century, and then its publication (first in 1969) in the Yale Boswell Editions Research Series, the chief primary source for information about Barber’s early years, as well as for Johnson’s emotional condition at the time Barber joined his Gough Square household, just after his wife’s death. In Boswell’s record of Barber’s answers to his first set of questions (there are eight sets of questions, numbered from 1 to 8), Barber reported that he came to live with Johnson, at Gough Square, ‘a forthnight or three weeks’ after the death of Elizabeth (‘Tetty’) Johnson (in the night of 17/18 March O.S., 1752.) In a later letter to Boswell, of 20 December 1789 (part of their continuing correspondence after the appearance of Sir John Hawkins’s Life of Johnson (1787), in which Hawkins severely maligned Barber), Barber wrote that ‘at my coming to Live with him, I found that Mrs. Johnson was Dead and was Buried about a fortnight.’2 If, as seems probable, this wording means that he joined Johnson’s household about two weeks after Mrs Johnson’s burial (in Bromley, Kent, on 26 March 26 1752),3 it places his arrival in mid-April. Soon thereafter Johnson put him to board nearby at a Mrs Coxeter’s, so that he could attend school in the Blackfriars. But he lasted only a day there, ‘for he caught the small pox’. A short but unspecified time passed, presumably as he suffered and then recovered from smallpox, and then, ‘After being in the Dr.’s service he went to Mr. Desmoulins writing school’.

If it is stored in my memory I will surely retrieve it: anatomy of a metacognitive belief

Retrieval failures—moments when a memory will not come to mind—are a universal human experience. Yet many laypeople believe human memory is a reliable storage system in which a stored memory should be accessible. I predicted that people would see retrieval failures as aberrations and predict that fewer retrieval failures would happen in the future. After responding to a set of trivia questions, participants were asked whether they would do better, about the same, or worse if they were given a different, but equally difficult, set of questions to answer. The majority of participants said they would do about the same, but more participants said they would do better next time than said they would do worse, although these participants did not actually do better. This finding was especially pronounced when participants were given feedback, suggesting that hindsight bias—the feeling, which emerges when an answer is presented, that one knew it all along—contributed to participants’ belief that they had underperformed on the first set of questions. The finding that metacognitive judgments were influenced by beliefs stands out in a literature full of studies in which beliefs fail to influence judgments.

Acceptance of orthodontic miniscrews as temporary anchorage devices.

ObjectiveTo study the patient’s acceptance, expectation, and experience of pain with orthodontic temporary miniscrews.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to 165 potential temporary orthodontic miniscrew recipients or their parents. Using the numeric rating scale, patients who received miniscrews as part of their orthodontic treatment were also asked to rate the pain or discomfort experience after miniscrew placement.ResultsA total of 165 subjects completed the first set of questions. There was a significant relationship between level of education and prior knowledge about orthodontic miniscrews (P=0.029). Even though only 12.7% had heard about miniscrews, 82.4% agreed to have miniscrews placed to facilitate orthodontic tooth movement. Eighty-three subjects who needed miniscrews as part of their orthodontic treatment completed two more sets of questions after 6 and 24 hours of miniscrew insertion. After 6 hours of miniscrew insertion, there was a significant difference in pain perception between men (mean =2.6±2.2) and women (mean =2.1±1.5; P=0.03). After 24 hours, there was no difference between men (0.2±0.4) and women (0.2±0.5; P>0.05). Postplacement, 32.5% did not require any pain medication, while 59.1% required a single dose and only 8.4% required two doses. A total of 76 patients (91.6%) said that they would recommend this procedure.ConclusionPatients do accept miniscrew as a treatment option in orthodontics. Postoperative pain is significantly low. The acceptance of miniscrews was not related to patient’s previous knowledge of the device, and patients preferred miniscrews to extractions.

A Sea of Riches: Teaching an Interdisciplinary Environmental Justice Course through Political Theory On-Campus and Online

ABSTRACTThis article reflects on two specific sets of questions—both of which were prominent in conversations regarding the future of teaching in higher education—that emerged as we developed a pedagogy designed to advance the primary substantive goals of environmental justice. The first set of questions asks how to enhance interdisciplinary thinking and communication in a single course; the second asks how best to teach critical thinking online. We identify key challenges in both areas in a discussion of our experience in teaching two contemporaneous venues—one on-campus and one online—of an environmental justice course grounded in the subfield of political theory.

The Level of Anxiety and Pain Perception of Endodontic Patients.

to compare the level of anxiety reported by patients and assessed by dentists. Also, the expected and actual pain during the treatment perceived by the patient and dentist were assessed. sixty six endodontic patients filled in two questionnaires, prior to and after the treatment, so did their therapists. The first set of questions for patients was regarding demographics, the frequency of dental visits, the level of anxiety and expectations about the level of pain. Before the treatment, dentists estimated the level of patients' anxiety and the expected intensity of pain. After the treatment, the patients evaluated the level of experienced pain and dentists' empathy during the treatment, while dentists reassessed the intensity of patients' pain.The data were statistically analysed by t-test for paired samples and by Spearmans's Rho correlation coefficient at level of significance set at 0.05. Patients' expectation of pain intensity was higher than the actual pain during the treatment (t-test=3.540, p=0.001). There was no difference in the level of pain which dentists expected and their perception of pain during the procedure. There was a statistically significant correlation between the patients' level of anxiety and recognition of it by dentists (Spearman Rho=0.460, p<0.001). A higher level of anxiety increased the expected intensity of pain (Spearman Rho=0.401, p=0.001). Actual intensity of pain was not significantly associated with dental anxiety (Spearman Rho=0.080, p=0.524). Since the level of dental anxiety was associated with the increased intensity of expected pain, a vicious cycle of pain and anxiety may be terminated by giving positive information to the patient before and during endodontic procedures.

Perceptions and Practices of U.S. Dental Schools Regarding Curriculum Integrated Format and Traditional Format Licensure Exams

The dental licensure exam in the United States has evolved over the past ten years, and two formats-the traditional format and curriculum integrated format-are now available for students to satisfy licensure requirements. The objective of this study was to examine the differences and relative merits of the two formats. A twenty-five-question survey was distributed to the fifty-seven U.S. dental schools at the time. The survey included both quantitative and discrete variables and followed a strategic sequential order. The first set of questions sought to determine what type of board preparatory/mock exam each dental school offered, and the next set of questions asked which licensure exam each school formally offered. The final questions were qualitative in nature and aimed to determine the school representatives' opinions about the curriculum integrated format versus traditional format. Of the fifty-seven schools contacted, thirty-seven agreed to participate (response rate=64.9 percent). Fourteen schools reported that they administer the traditional format only and twelve administer the curriculum integrated format only, while eleven offer both. Thirty-two schools offered mock board exams to their graduating students, and twenty-four of those said their mock exams were identical in format to the actual qualifying clinical exams offered at their institution. The respondents reported no significant advantage to preparing for the curriculum integrated format examination as compared to the traditional format examination with regards to number of clock hours taken from regular curriculum time. In reporting on this study, this article provides an overview of the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two examination formats used for the dental licensure process in the United States.

BJOG Editors' Choice

BJOG Editors' Choice

Introduction to the special issue: simulation, norms and laws

Are we satisfied with current approaches to the study of norms? Unfortunately not, as a number of questions are still open. First, a major dichotomy can be observed in the scientific treatment of norms. Theories of norms are grounded on two, unrelated notions, regularities and prescriptions. On the one hand, social scientists view norms as regularities of behaviour, supported by social expectations and possibly enforced through sanctions. On the other hand, philosophers of law and logicians focus on norms as prescriptions issued by definite authorities and enforced though institutional sanctions. Hence, a first set of questions pertaining to the connection between social norms and institutionalised laws comes forth. How can we distinguish normative behaviour (both social and legal) from normal conduct on the one hand and acquiescence under menace on the other? What are commonalities and differences between social conventions and institutional prescriptions? Regularities, or behavioural norms, are spontaneously emerging social phenomena, while, institutional prescriptions, are deliberately issued commands. Behavioural norms are often found either in the moral variant, as good or pro-social conduct, or in the statistical variant, as frequent, normal behaviours, while institutional prescriptions tend to collapse into legal norms, issued by specified authorities. Despite these differences it seems to us that the present gap between theories of social and institutional norms is neither desirable nor inevitable: social and institutional norms should be viewed as complementary phenomena, to be integrated in a common theoretical framework.

Policy Representation by Party Leaders and Followers in UK Prime Minister’s Questions

This paper shows how party leaders and backbenchers use their access to the institution of UK Prime Minister’s Questions to represent different policy issues. Prime Minister’s Questions is intended to be a place for the opposition’s voice to be heard as the first set of questions are reserved for its leaders; but, in addition, all backbenchers may pose questions. Graphical and statistical analyses demonstrate how the content of questions from 1997 to 2008 varies by party and according to the degree of control by the Speaker over the questions asked. The findings demonstrate how Prime Minister’s Questions helps elected representatives draw attention to issues that the government does not always wish to attend to, not just for the opposition parties but for all Members of Parliament, including members of the government’s own party. Prime Minister’s Questions has a dual representation function as it conveys the policy issues of both party leaders and followers.