First Decade Of May Research Articles

Population size and nesting peculiarities of the black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766) on the territory of water treatment facilities

Background. Today, the black-headed gull inhabits man-made areas of wastewater treatment facilities (WTF) to comensate for the the reduction of natural aquatic and wetland habitats. Over the last decade, a nearly tenfold increase in its population has been recorded, despite a low reproduction rate. This fact indicates the lack of stability in the bird population, necessitating thorough research. Materials and Methods. The analysis of the population size and biological charac­teristics of black-headed gulls involved censuses and observations at the WTF of the city of Kharkiv using conventional methods during the spring-summer periods of 2020–2021 and 2023. Results. The population of the black-headed gull reached its peak in the third decade of May 2020 (2637 individuals) and 2023 (2124 individuals), as well as in the second decade of May 2021 (3949 individuals). The maximum nesting density was observed on sludge sites (SS) of wastewater treatment facilities that are most similar to natural habitats, where dried mud alternates with water patches and vegetation at the bottom and around the perimeter (Type V): 236.7±26.7 pairs/ha in 2020 and 242.9±28.5 pairs/ha in 2021. The majority of nests were found in the first decade of May 2021 and the third decade of May 2020. The black-headed gull forms mixed-species, occasionally monospecific subcolonies. Nesting in association with it were: Sterna hirundo, Anas platyrhynchos, Spatula clypeata, Vanellus vanellus, Charadrius dubius, Himantopus himantopus, Fulica atra, Gallinula chloropus, and Aythya ferina. The size of the complete black-headed gull clutch was 3.1±0.4 eggs (n = 190). The egg dimensions were 50.9±2.1 ´ 36.2±1.1, with a mass of 34.6±2.8 g. Regarding shell coloration, five types of background colors were identified. Mass egg laying occurred from the third decade of April to the first decade of May, constituting 40.3 % (n = 993) in 2020 and 62.3 % (n = 1757) in 2021. The egg-laying period extended from April to July, with the latest non-incubated clutches recorded in the first decade of July (3.07.2020). The first chicks were found in nests in the first decade of May, while mass hatching occurred in the second half of May. The latest registration dates of the birds on nesting territories were in the second decade of July for 2020 and 2023, and the first decade of August for 2022. The nesting season duration varied from 125 to 140 days in different years. Autumn migration commenced with summer relocations and concluded from late October to early November. The reproductive success – the percentage of nestlings that fledged and successfully achieved flight – constituted 29.2 % (n = 2404 of laid eggs) in 2020, and 15.5 % (n = 6138) in 2021. The majority of offspring perished due to changes in water levels (prolonged rainfall or industrial wastewater discharge), predation, disturbance factors, etc. Conclusion. The colonial nesting of the black-headed gull creates favorable conditions for the habitation and reproduction of various bird species, including rare ones, which is essential for their conservation.

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ПОСЕВОВ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ БИОПРЕПАРАТОВ В БОГАРНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ РСО-АЛАНИЯ

The author presents the results of research on some possibilities of solving urgent problems of agricultural production of winter cereals in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The research was carried out in the steppe zone, in the rain-fed conditions of the Mozdok district of the Republic of Alania. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of new generation biologics – Stabilan and HEFC, BP. According to the results of the conducted studies, it was proved that treatment with growth stimulants contributed to an increase in the density of standing plants. The tubulation period in all experimental plots began in the first decade of May. With the use of growth regulators HEFC and Stabilan, the earing phase of plants occurred 2-3 days later than in the control variant. In the following phases of development – flowering, milky-waxy and full maturity, the same trend was observed. It was found that grain yield increases, the increase in control was up to 1.36 t/ha. The use of growth regulators Stabilan and HEFC for the studied varieties of winter wheat, respectively, showed the largest mass of 1000 grains. The largest grain size was established for the Alekseich variety – 789 g/l and for the Adel variety – 782 g/ l, using the HEFC growth regulator. The highest yield was obtained on the variant with the use of the HEFC growth regulator – 4.63 t/ha. The highest protein content was noted in the Alekseich variety – 16.0%, whereas in the Adele variety the same indicator is 15.31%. The largest percentage of ash in the studied varieties was revealed in the control variant. The calculation of economic efficiency allowed us to determine that with a maximum yield of 4.63 t/ha in the variant using the HEFC growth regulator on the Alekseich variety, the conditional net income amounted to 15.1 thousand rubles / ha, with a level of production profitability of 48.2%. In a similar variant with the Adele variety, the yield was 4.43 t/ha with a production margin of 41.5%.

Адаптационная способность некоторых лекарственных растений ex vitro к по чвенно-климатическим условиям Вологодской области

The article presents the results of the study of phenological and morphological characteristics of medicinal plants obtained by clonal micropropagation and adapted ex vitro after transplanting to the open ground in the Vologda district of the Vologda region. At present, in the conditions of import substitution for obtaining domestic pharmaceutical raw materials, it is necessary to grow medicinal plants in demand industrially. Plants of the Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb., Hypericum perforatum L., Artemisia dracunculus L. (cultivars ‘Goodwin’, ‘Monarch’) were studied as research objects. The winter hardiness of 2-year-old seedlings of the studied medicinal plants obtained by the in vitro method after overwintering is 85 to 90% in the first decade of May. Two-year-old plants of H. neglectum had an average height of 55.0 cm, formed a vegetative mass, had high foliage (an average of 12.6 pcs./shoot) and flower racemes (on average 17.5 pcs./shoot). The plants formed generative shoots: H. neglectum – on average 1.7 pcs., H. perforatum – 5 pcs., A. dracunculus – 9.9 to 11.3 pcs. The average length of the raw part of one shoot was 23.2 cm in H. neglectum, 16.6 cm in H. perforatum, and 32.3 to 47.0 cm in A. dracunculus. The wet weight of the raw part of a shoot of two-year-old cultivated medicinal plants was: H. neglectum – 12.9 g on average, H. perforatum – 16.7 g, A. dracunculus – 14.7 to 17.8 g; the air-dry weight of the raw part of the plants was 17 to 25% of the wet weight.

Возрастная структура и рост восточной квакши (Hyla orientalis, Amphibia, Hylidae) в Самурском лесу (Северо-Восточный Кавказ)

The paper presents the results of studying the age structure and growth of the eastern tree frog (Hyla orientalis) in the Samur Forest. In the Primorskiy village (Magaramkent district, Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation) in the first decade of May 2022, 7 females and 13 males were captured. The age of animals was determined by the cross sections of phalanx by standard method of skeletochronology. Age of females was 2–5 years (3.4 on average), males 1–6 years (3.4 on average). Life expectancy (ESP) in females is 4.33 years (S = 0.74), and in males 4.08 years (S = 0.72). The calculated maximum body length in females was 44.25 mm, males 41.54 mm. The growth rate of females is higher (k = 1.33) than that of males (k = 0.89).

Caucasian Rapid Racerunner (<i>Eremias velox caucasica</i> Lantz, 1928): The State of the Population on the Sarykum Sand Massif

This article describes the status of the Caucasian rapid racerunner (Eremias velox caucasica Lantz, 1928) population on the Sarykum sand massif. Data collected on its sex-age structure in the first decade of May 2022 were analyzed. Morphometric diagrams based on body length measurements (mm) were built. The results obtained show that the population consists of immature specimens and mature males and females. Adult animals can be divided into two age groups, namely, lizards aged two years and three years or more. The core of the population is made up of immature and two-year-old males and females. Sexual dimorphism related to body length was reliably determined by the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test: males turned out to be larger than females. Although the population is generally stable, it is still negatively affected by the recreational load on the Sarykum territory and the sand overgrowth. These two factors lead to changes in the biotope inhabited by E. v. caucasica. Therefore, it is important to carefully monitor the population of E. v. caucasica on the Sarykum sand massif as this species is listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Dagestan and other southern regions of Russia.

Cultivation Factors Effect on the Hashimi Variety Rice Efficiency

The main agrochemical indicators of the experimental field in the Lankaran-Astara economic region having dark gray soils have been presented in the article. The results of the analysis showed that the pH in the tillage layer of the experimental field is 6.12-5.87, in the lower layers, this figure ranged from 5.98 to 6.20. That is, the area has a weakly acidic property. There is no carbonation here as the pH of the experimental field soils is below 6.5. The experimental lands in the Lankaran-Astara economic region are considered to be of good quality. Because the amount of humus is 3.03-3.14% in the tillage layer, and 1.63-1.73% and 1.05-1.06% in the lower layers. At a depth of 0-30 cm of the analyzed soils, the amount of mobile phosphorus (P2O5) varied on average from 30.9 to 34.1 mg per 1 kg of soil, and the exchangeable potassium varied between 317 and 327 mg. The field is moderately supplied with mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The highest indicator was obtained in the first decade of May, at the rate of 1.7 million seedlings per hectare and nutrition condition N120P80K60.

ФЕНОЛОГИЯ СОРТОВ МАЛИНЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ БАШКОРТОСТАНА

The purpose of the study is to study the timing of the onset of phenological phases and assess the adaptive abilities of introduced raspberry varieties to changes in meteorological factors in the Cis-Ural forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan. The results of studying the phenological phases of 11 raspberry varieties of different ripening periods are presented. The research was carried out at the Kushnarenkovskiy Breeding Center of the BNIISH UFITs RAS in 2016-2021. Observations were carried out in accordance with the "Program and methodology for the study of variety of fruit, berry and nut crops". It has been established that the timing and duration of the passage of the phenological phases of raspberries are significantly affected by weather conditions. It is noted that all studied varieties show low resistance to return frosts. The beginning of vegetation in the studied varieties, on average, was noted in the first decade of May. Raspberry blossom took place from 6 to 17 June. The ripening of raspberries began in the first decade of July. The fastest rates of raspberry development were noted in 2021 at an average daily air temperature of 18.8ºС, flowering took place on May 18, ripening on June 16, 15-24 days ahead of multi-year periods, the duration of flowering, ripening and interphase periods also decreased. The sum of effective temperatures for the onset of the "beginning of flowering" phenological phase was 524ºС; the onset of the phase "beginning of maturation" 1063ºС. It was revealed that raspberry varieties Novosti Kuzmina, Barnaulskaya, Chelyabinskaya krupnoplodnaya, Brigantina had the highest resistance to changes in environmental factors in the conditions of the republic.

РАЗВИТИЕ ЗИМУЮЩЕЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ SCHIZOTHYRIUM POMI (MONT. & FR.) ARX. В ЧЕРНОМОРСКОЙ ЗОНЕ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

The article presents the results of a two-year observation of the biological features of the development of the overwintering infection Schizothyrium pomi (Mont. & Fr.) Arx. It has been established that in 2022 the maturation of thyriothecia was noted at the beginning of the third decade of April, in 2023 - in the second decade of March, which is almost a month earlier than the previous year. Ascospore dispersal in 2022 was recorded from the first decade of May (5.05) until the end of June, in 2023 - at the beginning of the second decade of April (11.04) until mid-June.

The influence of changing some climatic conditions on the phenological phases of the development of native bush of Forest-Steppe zone plants

Abstract It was studied that the dynamics of phenophases, the dates of the beginning and duration of phenological cycles in plants are under the constant influence of seasonal changes in climatic conditions (regular alternation of seasons with different durations of day and night, warm or cold and rainy or dry seasons). Together with the study of the shoot growth duration, it is worth conducting a study of the dynamics of their growth. This is also important for determining the tolerance for winter conditions, since it is known, that not only those shoots that finish growing early but also those that grow for a long time, but rather slowly, can be winter resistant. The intensive growth of shoots of all studied species occurs in May to mid-June. Almost all of them have two peaks of shoot growth: June and mid-July. The growth of shoots has a certain dependence on air temperature. The conducted long-term phenological observations made it possible to establish the periods of phenophases in five species of shrubs and show that in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, all of them manage to complete their vegetation in time, before the beginning of frost. Among the studied species, Lonicera tatarica L. and Viburnum lantana L. were the first to start their shoot growth in the first decade of May. Then, in the third decade of May, shoots of E. europaeus began to grow. P. spinosa and R. canina were the last to start their shoot growth. The conducted research has a certain significance for forest reclamation work as these types of shrubs are used to create protective plantings. Establishing a certain dependence on air temperature will allow to adjust the species composition and their number when creating this type of plantation.

Влияние сроков посева на урожайность льна масличного в условиях Московской области

The article offers an analysis of data on the cultivation of oilseed flax varieties at different sowing dates for yield and oil content in the conditions of the Moscow region. The studies were carried out in 2021-2022 on sod-podzolic soil. According to the results of the research, it was found that the highest average yield of oilseed flax seeds was noted when sowing in the second decade of May on the varieties Lirina (19.5 c/ha), Istok (16.9 c/ha), Uralsky (17.7 c/ha). For the LM 98 variety (16.4 c/ha), the optimal sowing period is the first decade of May. At the same time, a lower fat content was found in seeds of varieties sown in the last two terms – the II and III decades of May. Lower oil content was shown by the varieties Istok and LM 98. The maximum fat yield was revealed on the variant of sowing seeds in the second decade of May in the variety Lirina, and amounted to 871.6 kg / ha. Keywords: OILSEED FLAX, NON-CHERNOZEM, SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, SOWING PERIOD, VARIETY, OIL CONTENT, YIELD

Species composition and ecology of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) in Yakutia

The purpose of the research is to study the species composition and ecology of mosquitoes in Yakutia.Materials and methods. The research was performed for herd horses and cattle on pastures in Central, Western and Southern Yakutia in 2005–2021. Faunistic collections were made and the number of blood-sucking mosquito imago was recorded for animals using an entomological net with removable bags, while the average abundance rate of mosquitoes was calculated per 10 net movements in a figure-eight pattern around from 10 repetitions when studying the seasonal abundance dynamics and from 5 repetitions when studying the circadian activity rhythm.Results and discussion. In Yakutia, 15 species of blood-sucking mosquitoes of the family Culicidae were found that belong to three genera: Anopheles, Culiseta, and Aedes. Biotopes occupied by mosquito larvae of the genus Aedes include 74–126 specimens/m2. The first mosquitoes were recorded near an animal bait in the first decade of May. The mass mosquito flight period was observed from the third decade of June to the middle of the second decade of July. The total mosquitofl ight period for the season was 121–124 days. The flight of blood-sucking mosquitoes on the forest pasture continues around the clock, from the third decade of June to the middle of the second decade of July.

RESEARCH OF TROPHIC CONNECTIONS AND PHENOLOGY METCALFA PRUINOSA SAY (HEMIPTERA: FLATIDAE) IN THE GRYSHKO NATIONAL BOTANICAL GARDEN OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

The article presents data on the emergence and spread of the invasive potential of the dangerous pest Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) in the conditions of the Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The insect was recorded for the first time at the botanical-geographic site "Far East" in the NBG in May 2016. Since then, M. pruinosa the has expanded its range, and new sites of insect infestation have been found in the NBG and on private grounds outside the botanical garden. The host plants were identified and the extent of their damage was assessed. The most populated plant species belonged to the genera Rosaceae, Aceraceae, Oleaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Balsaminaceaee. The phenology of citrus flatid planthopper was investigated. It has been established that the insect has one generation per year. The development of the M. pruinosa is limited to a minimum air temperature of 17–20 °С. In the first decade of May, the appearance of larvae citrus flatid planthopper is observed. The first imagos are recorded in early or mid-July, depending on the meteorological conditions of the year. The complete disappearance of adults occurs at the end of August. In order to prevent the further introduction, spread and harmfulness of M. pruinosa in Ukraine, the following measures should be considered: (1) trade of plants for planting is necessary only from pest-free production sites, (2) periodic inspections of plants for colonization by M. pruinosa larvae should be carried out in June , (3) conduct a special inspection of wax threads, (4) apply insecticides against the young immature stages of M. pruinosa, (5) increase public awareness of this pest.

Nonspecif ic response of Lake Baikal phytoplankton to anthropogenic impact.

In this study, we present the first results on oxidation stress in Lake Baikal phytoplankton and its adaptation to environmental changes under anthropogenic impact. As was shown, the changing of the dominant species of phytoplankton collected from the surface water layer (~0.3 m) took place from February to June 2021. Phytoplankton were collected at a nearshore station (a littoral station at a distance of ~0.01 km from the shoreline, depth to bottom is ~5 m) and an offshore station (a pelagic station at a distance of ~1 km from the shoreline, depth to bottom is ~543 m). In February, dinoflagellates were dominant (~40 %) as well as diatoms (≤33 %) and green algae (≤12 %). Their biomass was 100 mg·m–3. In March, chrysophytes were dominant (up to 50 %) as well as cryptophytes (≤43 %) and dinoflagellates (≤30 %). Their biomass was 160–270 mg·m–3. In April, biomass increased up to 700–3100 mg·m–3 with the dominance of large cell dinoflagellates (up to 99 %), chrysophytes (up to 50 %), and cryptophytes (up to 35 %). By the end of the first decade of May, the percentage of dinoflagellates decreased and that of cryptophytes increased. In the second decade of May, the percentage of diatoms increased up to ~26–38 % but phytoplankton biomass was minimal (13–30 mg·m–3). By June, the percentage of diatoms in the samples reached 44–75 % at 60–550 mg·m–3. The oxidation stress of phytoplankton as a nonspecific adaptive response to a prolonged, intensive, or recurrent effect of a stress factor was estimated from the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The mean content of these substances (markers of the lipid peroxidation) was determined spectrophotometrically. The oxidation stress of phytoplankton was revealed only when diatom algae dominated. It can be explained by adaptation of algae of other classes to the stress factor. The content of the lipid peroxidation markers in the coastal phytoplankton collected close to the settlement of Listvyanka known as a large touristic center was estimated from 100 to 500 μg·g–1 of dry weight of sample. During the period of diatom blooming in 2016 and 2018, oxidation stress of phytoplankton collected near large settlements was found. In phytoplankton from deep-water pelagic stations most remote from settlements, stress was not revealed. Using the method of gas chromatography, we showed a lower (up to 15 %) content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phytoplankton characterized by stress occurrence. This confirms cell membrane damages. In Lake Baikal surface water, we found a higher content of synthetic anionic surfactants (sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates), which are components of detergents and cause oxidation stress of hydrobionts (up to 30 ± 4 μg·L–1). The presence of these substances in a water ecosystem can result in exhausting of phytoplankton cell resources, homeostasis imbalance, stress, pathological changes, and rearrangements in phytoplankton assemblage

ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ СОРГО ЗЕРНОВОГО ТА СОРИЗУ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СТРОКІВ СІВБИ НАСІННЯ

The article presents the results of research on the influence of seed sowing dates on the energy productivity of grain sorghum and sorghum. Goal. Investigate the influence of seed sowing dates on the energy productivity of grain sorghum and varieties of Dniprovsky 39 and Samaran 6 varieties in the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method was used in the study, which includes the study of biological and ecological features of growth and development, productivity and quality of the studied crop; laboratory method used to study the relationship between plant and environment; mathematical and statistical methods included the processing of experimental data to increase the validity of conclusions. Results. High yields of sorghum grain and biomass were obtained during sowing of seeds in the first decade of May (second sowing period), when the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm was 12-14 оС. In grain sorghum of Dniprovskyi 39 and Samaran 6, grain yield was 7.1 and 6.4 t/ha, biomass – 37.4 and 35.9 t/ha. The highest yield of bioethanol and solid fuel was obtained in the same variant of the experiment. The highest energy yield was obtained for sowing seeds in the first decade of May and was equal to 199.3 GJ/ha in the variety Dniprovsky 39 and 187.9 GJ/ha in the variety Samaran 6. About 71.0-72.0 % are concentrated in solid fuel (140,8 and 135.2 GJ/ha) of this energy and in bioethanol only 28-29 % (51.1 and 52.7 GJ/ha). Conclusions. It was studied that the grain yield and biomass of sorghum and sorghum mostly depend on the terms of sowing seeds – 29.2 %, the degree of influence of varieties was much lower and amounted to 8.1%. It is established that in comparison with the optimal sowing dates – the first and second decades of May, sowing seeds in the third decade of April (I sowing period) reduces grain yield by 4.2-12.6 % in the variety Dniprovsky 39 and 4.7-9,4 % in the variety Samaran 6; aboveground mass by 4.8-9.6 % and 6.4-10.6 %, respectively. Correlation-regression analysis of the data shows a close relationship between yield and biofuel yield. The correlation coefficient was R = 1, the coefficient of determination R2 = 1. There is also a strong correlation between yield and energy yield where R = 1, the coefficient of determination R2 = 1. Key words: varieties, yield, yield of biethanol and solid fuel, energy yield.

Использование гербицидов в технологии производства семян горчицы белой

The article offers three-year results of experiments to determine the effect of herbicidal treatments in the agrocenoses of white mustard of the Rhapsody variety in the conditions of the Ryazan region. It was revealed that the average seed yield during sowing in the first decade of May was higher by 0.41 t/ha (Galleon 0.2 l/ha + Miura 0.8 l/ha), and higher by 0.23 t/ha (Crucifer, 0.3 l/ha + Ligate, 0.4 l/ha) than in the variant without processing; in the II decade – by +0.4 t/ha and +0.27 t/ha; in the III decade – by +0.43 and +0.29 t/ha, respectively. On average, the maximum increase in white mustard oil seeds from herbicidal treatment was detected during sowing in the second decade of May. Keywords: WHITE MUSTARD, GRAY FOREST SOIL, HERBICIDE, RYAZAN REGION, SEEDS, CONTAMINATION, YIELD

Entomocomplex of onions in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Goal. To monitor the phytosanitary condition of onion crops in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and to establish the species composition of dominant pests.
 Methods. The research was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methodological recommendations in entomology.
 Results. As a result of long-term monitoring of onion crops, 12 species of phytophages from the ranks of Coleoptera — 46.2%, Lepidoptera — 23.1%, Diptera — 15.4%, Thysanoptera — 10.4%, Orthoptera — 5.0% and others. In the phase of leaf development (main shoot) (ВВСН 1—19) the most harmful are soil-dwelling pests: larvae of Agriotes sputator L. and Agriotes lineatus L.; larvae of the Melolontha melolontha L., the Melolontha hippocastani F), the Amphimallon solstitialis L.; Scotia segetum Schiff. and Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. In the phase of the beginning of thickening of the base of the leaves — bulb formation (ВВСН 41—43) phytophages dominate: onion fly (Delia antique Mg.), onion trips (Trips tabaci Lind.), Ceuthorrhynchus jakovlevi Schulzer.
 Conclusions. It was studied that with the number of soil pests 1.5—2.8 specimens/m2, plant damage is 24.6—28.3%, which is the reason for the liquefaction of crop density. It has been established that significant damage to onion crops is caused by the onion fly (Delia antique Mg.), the period of harmfulness of which lasts throughout the growing season. During the years of research, the flight of the phytophagous adult took place in the third decade of April — first decade of May, at the sum of active CAT temperatures (> 5°C) = 104—131°С. Mass flight of the pest was observed in the II—III decades of May, at an average daily air temperature of 12.8—17.4°C.

Parasite Fauna and Infection of Sheep with Parasitosis

The purpose of our research wasto study the parasitic fauna and infection of sheep with parasites in thenorthern and southern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For this, weconducted a study to determine the species diversity of sheep parasites. Thestudy was set from 2010-2020 years on infected sheep in the northern andsouthern parts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The experiments were conducted atthe Department of Veterinary Medicine of S. Seifullin KazATU and the KazNIVI inAlmaty. The species diversity of parasites of adult sheep was studied. Thematerials for parasitological laboratory studies were sheep feces taken from 50sheep. Vital diagnostics of helminthiasis were carried out by scatologicalstudies of 50 sheep using the well-known methods of Fulleborn, Weid, and Boyahchyan. To establish the timing of infection, selectivecoprolarvoscopic studies of fecal samples taken from pastures were carried out.First, the invasive larvae were isolated from fecal samples by the Berman-Orlovmethod. Differential diagnosis of trichostrongylides was carried out accordingto the method of Y.Y. Shumakovich. Among the sheep of the Akmola and Karagandaregions, strongylatoses parasitizing in the gastrointestinal tract arerecorded: Nematodyrosis, ostertagiosis, hemonhoz, marshallagiasis, esophagostomosis, and, less often, bunostomosis.The development of eggs and larvae of the invasive stage in pasture conditionsis noted at the end of the first decade of May. The first cases of infection oflambs are observed in late May-early June. Thus, based on the three-yearresults obtained, it can be concluded that the absence of antiparasiticmeasures leads to infection of almost all livestock within 5-7 months and insubsequent years, reinfection occurs, which ultimately causes a decrease inproductivity and increase mortality, especially among young animals up to 1.5years of age.

Infestation of red currant berries and its varieties by fungi of genus Colletotrichum Sacc. in Russia

Some species of parasitic fungi from the genus Colletotrichum afflict the vegetative organs of a plant, while the others affect the reproductive organs. This results in the deterioration of berry quality and yield and the potential death of a plant. Colletotrichum fungi causing anthracnose in the red currant berry were first isolated in Russia from the fruits of red currant (Ribes rubrum) and its varieties received from the Moscow, Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions and the Mari El Republic. The susceptibility of these crop varieties depended on the infection potential of Colletotrichums pp. in the plantings and weather conditions. Infestation symptoms include wrinkled fruit that develops during berry ripening. Species of this pathogen are preserved within mummy berries and dry clusters on the branches. The flowers were infected under the conditions of the Moscow Region in the first decade of May 2021; under the conditions of continental climate in the Mari El Republic, visual symptoms of the disease were absent within this period; however, the pathogen had already been present in the plantations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the pathogens behave as biotrophs when infecting red currant. The results of morphological and molecular genetic analyses showed that two species of the genus Colletotrichum parasitise on red currant in the Moscow region: Colletotrichum godetiae Neerg., Friesia and Colletotrichum fioriniae Marcelino&Gouli.

Bioecological features of Nigella sativa L. in different conditions of Uzbekistan

The article is devoted to the study of bio-ecological features of black caraway (kalonji) in different conditions of introduction. The analysis of the periods of ontogenesis, the biology of flowering, fruiting (seed productivity) in different conditions of Uzbekistan was carried out. By results of phenological researches the differences of terms of phases of the vegetative period and its turn, by morphometric parameters are revealed. Emergence of buds in Nigella sativa under conditions of introduction is observed in the first decade of May, sometimes in the middle of May, depending on weather conditions of the year. The earliest flowering was on 18.05, the latest on 29.05. Fruiting takes place in early June to late June. The end of the growing season is observed in late June-early July. The duration of vegetation in Malguzar is 130-35 days, while in Botanical Garden it is 135-145 days. The real seed production per plant averages 51.9±3.94 in Botanical Garden conditions and 42.5±2.10 in Malguzar.

ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF FENUGREEK SPECIES AT DIFFERENT SOWING TIMES

Among the unexplored technological elements of growing fenugreek in the conditions of Ukraine is the creation of conveyor cultivation of the culture. Therefore, the problem of the influence of sowing dates on the growth and development of plants, the parameters of the harvest and the qualitative composition of marketable products is acute. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the optimal sowing dates of fenugreek species to increase the yield of dried products in the conditions of Polissia on sod-podzolic soils. The leading methods employed to investigate this issue were the field method – to find the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors, statistical method – to evaluate the research results to find the parameters of fenugreek’s adaptive capacity. During 2012-2014, for different sowing periods, the average yield of dry mass in blue fenugreek varied from 0.5 to 1.3 t/ha, and in hay fenugreek – from 0.6 to 1.5 t/ha. The early spring period and the late spring period of the 1st sowing period were characterized by the highest overall adaptive capacity. The highest value of the specific adaptive capacity was established during the late spring 2nd sowing period. The relative stability index ranged from 2.6 to 11.4. Blue fenugreek during the late spring 1st and 2nd sowing periods responds well to improved growing conditions (bi >1), and fenugreek hay during the late spring 2nd and summer sowing periods. Early spring and late spring 1st sowing period samples are characterized by high breeding value. An increase in the sum of effective temperatures by 1°C contributed to the fluctuation of green mass yield from 4.82 to 128 kg/ha, and dry mass yield from 0.401 to 6.63 kg/ha. At the same time, an increase in precipitation by 1 mm affected the fluctuation of the yield of green mass from 15.0 to 146 kg/ha, and of dry mass from 0.145 to 25.9 kg/ha. Commercial production of fenugreek species was formed within the range of the sum of air temperatures (>10°C) 383.9-487.1°C, the amount of precipitation 70.7-144.3 mm, and the growing season ranged from 35 to 55 days. The highest productivity of fenugreek species was found during sowing from the second decade of April to the first decade of May. The materials of this paper are of practical value for expanding the species diversity of vegetables and increasing the supply of the population with valuable food products and during the application of new and improved elements of technologies for growing valuable rare crops to achieve the maximum effect of fulfilling the genetic potential of plants